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Wednesday, November 1, 2017

Why has Europe's population remained relatively constant whereas other continents have shown clear increase?

Why has Europe's population remained relatively constant whereas other continents have shown clear increase?


Why has Europe's population remained relatively constant whereas other continents have shown clear increase?

Posted: 01 Nov 2017 02:43 AM PDT

In a lecture I was showed a graph with population of the world split by continent, from the 1950s until prediction of the 2050s. One thing I noticed is that it looked like all of the continent's had clearly increasing populations (e.g. Asia and Africa) but Europe maintained what appeared to be a constant population. Why is this?

Also apologies if social science is not the correct flair, was unsure of what to choose given the content.

submitted by /u/Zyxtaine
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 01 Nov 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

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Ask away!

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What are historical sea levels measured in reference to?

Posted: 01 Nov 2017 05:32 AM PDT

I'm very confused and have lots of questions.

Looking at a graph like this one, link, I'm struggling to understand what it means given how different the continents and sea beds were 500 million years ago.

Are these actually estimates of ocean volume that are then converted to what sea level that volume would give if placed in current ocean basins?

If some time in the past all volcanic activity had stopped and the rain eroded every bit of land to below the surface of the ocean what would these measurements say the sea level was?

What measurements do climate scientists use if sea level is actually just a more understandable figure to use when explaining things to tell public?

submitted by /u/timrs
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If a person has heavily used antibiotics, does that specific person have a weaker immune response than normal, or has that person just contributed to antibiotic resistance in general?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 09:23 PM PDT

Would playing a black & white video use less battery power on my phone than an identical color one of equal resolution?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 06:32 PM PDT

Are electrons real or a theoretical construct that helps us explain data?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 11:59 AM PDT

I'm a teacher, and today I had to attend a lecture on epistemology. The speaker brought up electrons as an example for theoretical constructs that help us interpret data:

"Students (in high school) often refer to electrons when trying to explain how electricity works. They tend to think of electrons as having a material form."

"The electron is a theoretical model that has not been observed directly, but has been invented because it can consistently explain experimental data."

That was a bit weird for me, as I know that electrons have in fact been observed before (https://phys.org/news/2008-02-electron.html) and their footprints are well recorded, so it's more than a theoretical construct.

I asked the speaker afterwards about it, and she said that she wasn't aware of anything about anyone observing electrons, but I was perhaps missing the point she was trying to make. I clarified that I understood her point, but her statement had borne a question regarding the nature of electrons and was trying to understand where she got the idea for this example from.

What does /r/AskScience think? Are electrons real or a merely a theoretical construct? Have we observed them or am I misunderstanding the article I linked?

submitted by /u/Ornlu_Wolfjarl
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How does AC travel further than DC?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 10:30 PM PDT

in the field of electricity, direct current doesn't travel very far in a wire. Historically, this problem was solved when Tesla invented alternating current, the opposite of direct. What is it about the alternating property of electricity that allows it to travel further distances in wire?

From what I recall in high school, direct current travels through the center of the wire, while AC mysteriously travels on the outer skin of the wire and away from the core. But this has more to do with resistance...more conductor molecules in the way of the electrons--but the electrons must still pass through a conductor. They cannot escape resistance. I don't see this as an explanation.

submitted by /u/glass_1_water
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Considering the enormous amount of energy produced by the merger of a pair of stellar-mass black holes, what kind of energy output could be expected from the merger of two supermassive black holes, and what effects would that have on the dense stellar environment of the galactic center?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 11:51 AM PDT

What are the uses of GM crops outside of human consumption?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 06:30 PM PDT

So as the titles suggests, I'm interested in the uses of Genetically Modified Crops (such as Maize) outside of the realm of human consumption. I understand that there have been advancements made regarding using plants to develop specific kinds of protein for pharmaceutical uses, but what are some other uses and how do they work?

submitted by /u/fr00tl00picus
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Is a difference in pH the only consideration when it comes to an acids ability to dissolve substances?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 08:09 AM PDT

What if we never find WIMP's or MaCHOs to explain dark matter? What else could possibly explain this looming physics mystery?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 02:21 PM PDT

Double-Slit Experiment: How did early scientists "observe" the photons causing the interference to be destroyed?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 03:09 PM PDT

Popular culture obviously loves this experiment. But especially the part about how observing which way the particle goes stops them from behaving like waves has always been bugging me because the choice of words implies consciousness has an influence.
Would it be accurate to say "observe" simply means the photon interacting with anything at all, even some random molecule in the air?
What exactly did observe mean in this context? How did they measure a single photon without absorbing it?

And since by now similar experiments have been performed without collapsing it, what is the main difference there?

submitted by /u/Drycee
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What is the hardware difference between RAM advertised as 3000MHz vs say 4000MHz?

Posted: 01 Nov 2017 05:15 AM PDT

I have a firm grasp of computers and how they work, however I have always been curious as to what makes each tier of RAM different and worth the extra money, is it just marketing? Or is there actually a difference?

submitted by /u/Cr3s3ndO
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Can perception of temperature affect mood?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 11:59 AM PDT

Does being in a cold environment, for example, cause a worsening of mood compared to a warmer environment?

submitted by /u/Zhieyen
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What volcanos in the Cascade range are most likely to erupt next and approximately when?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 09:30 PM PDT

What does it mean that astrocytes regulate the electrical responses of neurons?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 10:49 AM PDT

I understand they do this but I'm not sure how or why.

submitted by /u/oneultralamewhiteboy
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What, in layman’s terms, is a Boltzmann brain?

Posted: 31 Oct 2017 01:28 PM PDT

I've read a lot about this online but I still don't understand. Is there a semi-simple explanation?

submitted by /u/SkeeevyNicks
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