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Thursday, November 23, 2017

Help us fight for net neutrality!

Help us fight for net neutrality!


Help us fight for net neutrality!

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 11:38 AM PST

The ability to browse the internet is at risk. The FCC preparing to remove net neutrality. This will allow internet service providers to change how they allow access to websites. AskScience and every other site on the internet is put in risk if net neutrality is removed. Help us fight!

https://www.battleforthenet.com/

submitted by /u/MockDeath
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In 1996 NASA announced 'evidence of primitive life on early Mars'. In 2000, a second report supported the thesis. What happened next?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 02:54 AM PST

In 1996, NASA published a press release titled Meteorite Yields Evidence of Primitive Life on Early Mars. The release quotes scientists involved in the research making some pretty bold claims: 'we believe we have found quite reasonable evidence of past life on Mars', adding that 'what we have found to be the most reasonable interpretation is of such radical nature that it will only be accepted or rejected after other groups either confirm our findings or overturn them'. Bill Clinton even delivered a speech about the discovery and its implications.

An article, titled Ancient Life on Mars?, was published in the 16 August 1996 of Science. (Unfortunately, I don't have access.)

Then in 2000, NASA published this: New Report Offers Evidence of Primitive Life on Mars. They said the new research 'strongly support[ed] the primitive life on Mars hypothesis of David McKay and coauthors in 1996'.

From having personally worked with NASA scientists who were involved in recent Mars missions, they spoke openly about their belief that our evidence of primitive life on Mars was conclusive, and had progressed their research towards seeking the environmental factors that would allow such life to have developed.

Despite all of this, a Google search suggests that the original research has only been referenced once on Reddit – and that was fairly deep into a comment chain, and received only a single upvote.

Is this research relatively unknown? If so, why? And if, as I suspect, there are very good reasons that these findings aren't more widely acknowledged, what are they?

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With all this fuss about net neutrality, exactly how much are we relying on America for our regular global use of the internet?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 04:06 AM PST

Do all individual atoms in a solid emanate their own blackbody radiation?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 06:14 AM PST

More specifically, will the interior atoms beneath the surface of an object radiate infrared (or other) energy through the surface atoms before exiting the object, or are they simply absorbed? Does this blackbody radiation released from the inner atoms excite or heat the surface atoms slightly?

submitted by /u/ssinatra3
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When beryllium-16 decays and produces 2 neutrons simultaneously, what happens to that dineutron?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 05:19 AM PST

When beryllium-16 decays and produces 2 neutrons simultaneously, what happens to that dineutron?

What is holding the neutrons together? Gluons?

Do the neutrons separate and undergo beta decay?

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What would our world look like if the collision which ejected the material from which formed the Moon had not occurred? Would there be liquid water? What kind of atmosphere if any? Active geological processes? Life?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 07:58 PM PST

And surface temperature range ?

Supposing the giant-impact model for the formation of the Moon is correct, of course.

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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How accurate is the usual picture of the atomic nucleus of a ball/mass of protons and neutrons? What's really happening in the centre of atoms?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 09:24 PM PST

[physics] When I turn off my oven but leave the door closed how does the temperature cool?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 11:04 PM PST

Would there be a benefit to increasing the power of the planetary radar at Arecibo?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 02:21 AM PST

Specially, from the "modest" 3 megawatts radiated power it uses now. To something more in line with a modern naval radar that radiates closer to 15 megawatts. Would there be any appreciable increase in resolution to justify the expense? Would it even be able to handle that sort of power?

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Does photoimmunotherapy (PIT) always followed by surgery for tumour in deep tissue?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 05:49 AM PST

As elucidated in article by Mitsunaga, et al (2011) <doi:10.1038/nm.2554>, photoimmunotherapy is a molecular-targeted cancer therapies that utilize photosensitizer molecule conjugated to specific antibody for EGFR (mAbs). The molecule then activated by NIR light irradiation to promote cell death.

It obvious for PIT utilization near body surface, but how about tumour located deep inside, that even endoscope can't reach, does it need a surgery for NIR light irradiation? Also, is there a paper that explained about molecular mechanisms of these photosensitizer-conjugated antibody in detail? Would you please share it to me?

Thank you.

submitted by /u/dprawisuda
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How do we know what the tonsil does?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 03:36 AM PST

Some organ functions are obvious, like the heart and eyes. But how would early scientists determine that tonsils function as part of the immune system?

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How would the government broadcast an emergency message in today's world where a majority of people watch tv through a streaming service?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 07:47 PM PST

Do they have some kind of way to do it through there or would we all be SOL?

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What are the social and economic issues associated with biofuels?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 02:33 AM PST

Does dark matter accumulate into dark objects (planets, stars, etc.)? Why?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 10:11 PM PST

If the Earth is closer to the sun for a part of the year, why isn't that summer MUCH hotter?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 01:45 AM PST

Correct me where I'm wrong. The Earth's rotation around the Sun is oblong. That means that we're much closer for during that part of our rotation.

Given that the change in tilt causes the summer to go from North to South and back, then being closer to the sun during that part of our rotation should make us MUCH hotter during that time (or much colder, when further away).

A quick search shows Periapsis is 147Mil Km and Apoapsis is 152Mil km

So why isn't the difference between January 3 (Northern Winter/ Southern Summer) and July 3 (Northern Summer / Southern Winter) much more different?

submitted by /u/KarlJay001
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How do you define the number of conduction electrons?

Posted: 23 Nov 2017 01:32 AM PST

From the point of view of solid-state physics, the conductivity and other condensed properties of gold in the bulk behave very well under the approximation that a single electron per atom is the main cause of conduction (the 6s1 electron I would suppose).

Yet the image is a little more complicated as the electrons from d bands overlap with the s band.

Point: Is there a strict way/rule/method to define how many and which electrons play a role in the conduction of a metal?

submitted by /u/MaoGo
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What makes it "impossible" as of now to detect the hypothetical Graviton particle?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 02:07 PM PST

Is it the odds of the LHC being able to detect it? Is it too small? Not enough power?

The Higgs Boson was said to have a 1 in a billion chance of being detect yet we confirmed its existence.

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How are Muscle Knots / Trigger Points Created at the Cellular Level?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 12:39 PM PST

I've read a few articles through Google Scholar (my background is in biology) but it can be difficult to get full access to relevant information.

Can anyone describe what is happening at the cellular level when muscle knots / trigger points are formed?

submitted by /u/thatoneguy564
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Can Dark Matter be explained by scale Invariance of empty space?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 09:13 PM PST

Is deep-earth nuclear fission heating the Earth's interior?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 08:32 AM PST

I am having problems with understanding this article: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/nuclear-fission-confirmed-as-source-of-more-than-half-of-earths-heat/

It states that 'Nuclear Fission Confirmed as Source of More than Half of Earth's Heat'. But then later says: 'The new measurements suggest radioactive decay provides more than half of Earth's total heat'. My understanding is that nuclear fission and nuclear decay are two distinct ways to generate heat. I know that nuclear decay have long been the standard explanation for most of the heat generated. However, this article indicates that nuclear fission might also be playing a part: http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080515/full/news.2008.822.html While in this article they state that contribution from fission would be minor: http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jul/19/radioactive-decay-accounts-for-half-of-earths-heat

To be more clear about my question, it relates to the (first) Scientific American article: is the author just confusing the two concepts, or are they saying that fission is the major source?

submitted by /u/ccjj
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How in the world could a particle have a 1/2 spin value?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 04:02 PM PST

"All particles have a property called spin, having to do with what the particle looks like from different directions. One can illustrate this with the pack of playing cards. Consider first the Ace of Spades. This looks the same only if you turn it through a complete revolution, or 360 degrees. It is therefore said to have spin 1.

On the other hand, the Queen of Hearts has two heads. It is therefore the same under only half a revolution, 180 degrees. It is said to have spin 2. Similarly, one could imagine objects with spin 3 or higher that would look the same under smaller fractions of a revolution.

The higher the spin, the smaller the fraction of a complete revolution necessary to have the particle look the same. But the remarkable fact is that there are particles that look the same only if you turn them through two complete revolutions. Such particles are said to have spin 1/2." – Stephen Hawking, The Universe in a Nutshell pg. 48

How is this even conceptually possible?

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What is the average density of interstellar clouds and at what density over a given volume is star formation triggered?

Posted: 22 Nov 2017 10:37 PM PST

For instance the interstellar cloud in the Belt of Orion, what would the average density of these clouds be (amount of hydrogen atoms per meter / kilometer).

And what is considered to be the critical density over a large enough area to trigger gravitational collapse of the cloud to initiate fusion that gives birth to a new star.

For interrest sake, is this event where critical mass and density is reached followed by star creation instantaneous or does it take years to happen (not referring to the time needed for the gas to accumulate, but referring to the actual event once critical mass and density has been reached). Put another way, would we see a new star being born slowly with a flickering of light or does it appear all bright and blazing out of 'no where'

submitted by /u/georgelappies
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