What is the body's conversion efficiency of energy stored in food to energy stored in fat, or energy available to do work with? | AskScience Blog

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Saturday, November 25, 2017

What is the body's conversion efficiency of energy stored in food to energy stored in fat, or energy available to do work with?

What is the body's conversion efficiency of energy stored in food to energy stored in fat, or energy available to do work with?


What is the body's conversion efficiency of energy stored in food to energy stored in fat, or energy available to do work with?

Posted: 25 Nov 2017 01:08 AM PST

For example, if I eat 1000 calories of sugar:

  • How many calories will be stored in fat (assuming none of the calories are used for exercise etc).
  • How many calories are available to perform work with (after the body has converted the sugar to ATP, etc). The assumption is that the conversion process from Sugar --> X --> ATP --> ? is not 100% efficient.
  • How do the above numbers differ for different sources of energy. For example does eating 1000 cal of fat result in the same number of calories available for work as eating 1000 cal of sugar?

Bonus question:

  • How efficient is the body in converting the energy stored in fat to energy available for work (e.g. ATP)

Note: I am not a biologist, from my understanding ATP is the last form of energy muscles use, albeit I could be wrong.

submitted by /u/YbgOuuXkAe
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Does boiling water in a low pressure atmosphere still kill pathogens?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 09:44 AM PST

Reducing the atmospheric pressure will reduce the boiling temperature of water, so will boiling in low pressure still kill pathogens in the water?

submitted by /u/xzez
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At what point does atmospheric friction from high speeds negate wind chill effects?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 07:30 PM PST

What distance from the centre of the earth is an object's potential energy the greatest?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 11:19 PM PST

As you move a rock further away from the centre of the earth you are increasing its potential energy. If I pick up a rock off of the ground and move it 10 feet up I've just added energy to the system.

Now as you get further from the earth, the gravitational pull weakens by the a factor of 1/(distance)2.

At what point is the rock at the sweet spot where it's potential energy is the greatest it can possibly be and moving further from the earth will reduce potential energy at that point? At what distance does the potential energy become near zero and the rock becomes "weightless?"

submitted by /u/Invrlose
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Particles in Space.. is Space a gas?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 06:12 PM PST

Matter, in the form of a gas is when "the atoms or molecules in gases are more widely spaced than in solids or liquids and suffer only occasional collisions with one another."

On sea level, one cubic cm of air has about 30 quintillion particles. Space, although often said not to, contains more than nothing. In our solar system, about there are about 30 particles per cubic centimeter. Can someone explain what these particles are?

Considering how far apart the particles in our solar system are spaced from each other, would they be considered a gas? If not, what are they? Are these particles anything? What thing are they? What type of thing?

Considering any of these question are a yes, would the Space we know be considered a mixture?

submitted by /u/ztamm
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Is it possible to study fields in space rather than excitations of those fields?

Posted: 25 Nov 2017 03:02 AM PST

I was wondering if it is even theoretically possible if we can directly study and measure quantum fields that 'make' subatomic particles like the electron field. Rather than study the electron itself? Thanks in advance for the answers!

submitted by /u/JackTalle
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Why can't we make pacemakers that can withstand magnetic fields?

Posted: 25 Nov 2017 04:32 AM PST

The pacemaker sign is often found near strong magnetic fields. What's blocking us from making them non-sensitive to magnetic fields?

submitted by /u/Helmarche
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If calcium is a metal, can it be used for things like electric circuits? Can it be smithed?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 08:50 PM PST

I just found out it was a metal.

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Does the magnus effect still work underwater?

Posted: 25 Nov 2017 03:13 AM PST

Scramjets and Entropy - The reason for thrust?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 06:23 PM PST

I have taken Thermodynamics I and II in college. I was reading through my textbook and it said that there is a velocity drop in a supersonic flow stream when a heat transfer to that system occurs. If this is the case, how does it produce thrust?

submitted by /u/Fuck__living
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What happened to the Global Cooling scare of the 1980's?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 09:13 AM PST

Not that I don't believe in global warming or anything, but im just generally curious

submitted by /u/Lendesnia
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How do satellites survive in the thermoshere when they should melt?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 09:06 PM PST

By what mechanism does the brain keep time?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 02:55 PM PST

In every time-measuring device we have, we need mechanical parts that follow a certain rhythm to keep time, so wouldn't the brain also require some physical mechanism in order to perceive time? If so, how does that mechanism work?

submitted by /u/Tendy777
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Do we know how many tons of CFC are in the atmosphere?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 08:53 PM PST

A question about the relativity of velocity?

Posted: 25 Nov 2017 06:17 AM PST

If all movement is relative to some other reference point, then we could say that we are moving at near light speed compared to a particle in an accelerator. Instead of the particle coming towards us, we would be going towards the stationary particles at near light speed.

If this is true, then why aren't we moving forward in time more slowly compared to the particles? According to the theory, objects that move faster in space experience time more slowly compared to other objects. In other words, time moves faster for slower objects.

If anyone has some knowledge to share on this please do so because it is something that has been bugging me for a while now.

submitted by /u/_Haxington_
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What's to stop a spinning object surpassing the speed of light, if large enough?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 06:15 PM PST

Let's say you had a giant compass needle spinning in space.

Diameter of the needle = 95,426,903.18 metres

Spin circumference = 299,792,458 metres (the distance light travels per second).

If it were to spin at >60rpm the ends of the needle would (on paper) surpass the speed of light. Can anybody explain what would actually happen? Would the needle be forced to bend, regardless of its material?

submitted by /u/Zombreeez
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What's the state of current lithium-ion batteries and what improvements can we expect in for batteries in general in the short term?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 02:59 PM PST

Question from my 4 year old sister, do other animals also get "Boogers"?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 07:02 AM PST

I was telling my sister that she shouldn't pick her nose in public, and somehow she asked me if our dog also couldn't. I told her that animals don't get them. She asked why and I had no idea, in fact I didn't even know if me saying that they don't get them was accurate.

It's my understanding that "boogies" are dried muccus. When something irritates the lining of your nose, like dust, or powder, that muccus stops it. So, does the differing nasal cavity shape on other animals stop them from getting them? Do other animals lack that same muccus?

submitted by /u/SomecallmeMichelle
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How do we clear out dust/debris/lint that gets into our lungs from breathing?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 02:51 PM PST

As the question states, clearly we breathe in minute particles of dust everywhere we go that must build up over time. Is it all captured by the cilia lining our respiratory tract? But even if they were caught on the way down, there is no way of clearing it unless it's in the nose so how come after decades of living people don't have to clean out their lungs like they would a dusty old room?

submitted by /u/synapgorithm
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How does the brain produce chemicals like dopamine, serotonin, etc?

Posted: 24 Nov 2017 06:00 PM PST

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