Do you use muscles to open or close your eyes?

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• Do you use muscles to open or close your eyes?
• Why doesn't the color of Jupiter's atmosphere homogenize?
• How do we decide if a population is indigenous?
• If alpha particles are bosons, do they "violate" the Pauli exclusion principle?
• Would you consider the theory of an abiogenic origin of petroleum a pseudoscience?
• What technology or methods are there to transform infertile soil (salted especially) into fertile soil?
• How sure are we that Type 1a supernovas are 'standard candles'?
• How strong a magnet would you need to remove the iron from a vial of blood?
• Isn't classical conditioning of animals basic "If this then that" reasoning? Doesn't this mean that cats/dogs could think?
• Does altitude affect a person's growth?
• Why do viruses like Zika that thrive inside a human host cause birth defects in offspring?
• Do planetary gravitational calculations assume an infinitely small point in space, or take into account the size and distribution of the mass of the planet?
• Are all the domains of all real functions an element of the set of real numbers?
• What is the AI advancement made by the new AlphaGo Zero algorithm over previous machine learning techniques?
• How do they determine which strains of flu viruses are included in the seasonal vaccine?
• If the sense of smell is usually associated closely with memory, what happens with memory recall/association in someone who was born without it?
• Can people with a cochlear implant hear the direction a sound is coming from?
• Why do we need to take flu shots every year, don't we already have anti-bodies for the flu virus?
• Why do we need sleep?
• What makes something indigestible?
• Why is there still sunlight after the sun set?
• What's the reason for a red turn arrow?

Do you use muscles to open or close your eyes? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 07:20 PM PDT What I mean is, when you're sleeping are you using muscle to close your eyes, or are you using muscle to open them during the day? submitted by /u/weaped [link] [comments]

Why doesn't the color of Jupiter's atmosphere homogenize? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 06:27 PM PDT Relevant to other planets too, but Jupiter seems like a good example. With all the turbulence in the atmosphere, surely it should have all mixed up and become fairly homogeneous by now, but instead we see distinct color bands. Sup wit dat? submitted by /u/allegory_corey [link] [comments]

How do we decide if a population is indigenous? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 08:39 AM PDT How long do they have to have lived in a place? Or do they have to be be first group that showed up? Edit: now I think I have even more questions. Or at least the term seems even more vague than I had thought previously. Based on these definitions you have to not advance technologically to be indigenous? Let's say we pick an area like Japan who of any group fits the definition? submitted by /u/raznog [link] [comments]

If alpha particles are bosons, do they "violate" the Pauli exclusion principle? Posted: 20 Oct 2017 04:23 AM PDT I am sorry for the long text, but I was wondering about a few different things: The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two identical Fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, but if He4 is technically a boson, can two He4 nuclei occupy the same quantum state simultaneously? My first guess would be no, since the quarks forming the protons and neutrons in the nucleus are Fermions themselves, but is that necessarily the case? According to the Wikipedia page, a 1D Bose gas with a particularly defined interaction function (V(r) = inf*delta(r) , an infinite amplitude Dirac, which is pretty unphysical) does obey it, but what if we're considering 2 nuclei in 3D with an arbitrary interaction potential? As an aside, since its constituent particles are considered indistinguishable, could we also say that two He4 are indistinguishable? Any help would be greatly appreciated :) submitted by /u/Zambeezi [link] [comments]

Would you consider the theory of an abiogenic origin of petroleum a pseudoscience? Posted: 20 Oct 2017 12:01 AM PDT What is the border between pseudo and "real" science? submitted by /u/groovyd1 [link] [comments]

What technology or methods are there to transform infertile soil (salted especially) into fertile soil? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 05:04 PM PDT I am reading about project Atlantropa and was intrigued that the freed land would be used for agriculture. submitted by /u/znihilist [link] [comments]

How sure are we that Type 1a supernovas are 'standard candles'? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 10:02 AM PDT This article on space.com indicates that there's some growing discrepancy between the Hubble Constant as measured using cosmic distances and the Hubble Constant as measured using the CMB. They talk about the Chandrasekar limit and how it produces Type 1a supernovas of approximately equal illumination, allowing us to use them as 'standard candles' for measuring those cosmic distances. Could this situation be resolved by introducing some sort of "error" into the Type 1a supernova brightness? In other words, does the problem go away if the brightness (and therefore distance) is not assumed to be X, but X +/- 10%? If so, are there candidates for that sort of error? submitted by /u/best_of_badgers [link] [comments]

How strong a magnet would you need to remove the iron from a vial of blood? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 05:47 PM PDT I was doing blood work today and I know blood has iron in it, so how strong a magnet would you need to remove the blood from a vial? I know MRIs don't kill people so it would have to be much stronger then that, right? submitted by /u/redpandamage [link] [comments]

Isn't classical conditioning of animals basic "If this then that" reasoning? Doesn't this mean that cats/dogs could think? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 02:11 PM PDT submitted by /u/squarus [link] [comments]

Does altitude affect a person's growth? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 06:35 AM PDT Let's say identical twins were split up at birth. One lived at sea level and the other lived 5000m above sea level. The lifestyles they lived were the exact same all the way until adulthood. When they finally reached adulthood, would they be different heights due to atmospheric pressure? submitted by /u/nosmartfriends [link] [comments]

Why do viruses like Zika that thrive inside a human host cause birth defects in offspring? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 07:54 PM PDT Along with that are the birth defects evolutionarily advantageous when it seems to limit chances of survivial for the viruses? submitted by /u/TheAntiochStallion [link] [comments]

Do planetary gravitational calculations assume an infinitely small point in space, or take into account the size and distribution of the mass of the planet? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 06:58 AM PDT So I have little to no science background, beyond what I have picked up from wikipedia articles related to Episodes of stargate and too many hours reading and thinking about why I crash my ships in Kerbal Space Program. With that being said, how are the gravitational effects of a body, such as a planet or sun, calculated in relation to its size? I'm thinking that for a relatively small dense body, calculating its effect on another body at a relatively great distance would be a matter of calculating the effects of an infinitely small point with equal mass to the actal planet, with the same center of gravity. As if all of the mass of the planet were focused in a single mathematical coordinate in space, rather than distributed over several thousand miles of diameter. This seems like a simple equation, that the force between the 2 bodies would be calculated by their mass and distance, regardless of their respective size. How does this change for objects that are very close together? for example, calculating the pull of gravity of a person standing on its surface? From that distance, the distributiong of mass seems more significant, as it is not all focused in some far off single point, but distributed essentially on a plane that stretches out in every direction from the point where the person is standing, not just directly downward towards the center of the planet. Does that just get insanely complicated and a best estimate is used? Where this could get even more interesting would be calculating the influence of 2 very large, very dense bodies with no atmosphere passing extremely close to each other in space. Like 2 massive planets moving so quickly that they pass each other within a handful of miles without colliding. If the shape of each planet was irregular, it seems the gravitational interaction of various parts of the planet and the distribution of their mass would be crucial to understanding how their respective courses would change after passing. I imagine it would go far beyond the video game approximation of a planete, which would essentially be a massless solid sphere with an infinitely small center of gravity containing all of its mass, so the force of gravity just pulls directly to the core, no matter the distance to the surface. Another thought: how would this change the effect of gravity beneath the surface of the planet? If one were to theoretically dig a hole to the center of the earth, there would be no gravity felt except that of the sun and moon, correct? The planet's gravity would be pulling you equally in all directions from that point, essentially negating itself. Am I thinking of this right? edit: TLDR: In gravitational calculations, are planets big or small? submitted by /u/imagreatlistener [link] [comments]

Are all the domains of all real functions an element of the set of real numbers? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 04:55 PM PDT With every REAL function I can think of, all its inputs are an element of the set of real numbers. Can one imply that all domains are elements of the set of real numbers? submitted by /u/4w350m3guY [link] [comments]

What is the AI advancement made by the new AlphaGo Zero algorithm over previous machine learning techniques? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 07:28 PM PDT submitted by /u/inexion [link] [comments]

How do they determine which strains of flu viruses are included in the seasonal vaccine? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 08:06 AM PDT Hi AskScience! They are offering the seasonal vaccine here at my workplace today, and I noticed in the fine print it covers 3 strains. How are the specific strains chosen? I had a few theories backed up by a reasonable rationale in my mind, and I wanna see how close I am to the real answer. 1. The most infectious, most easily spread strains are prioritized. Since infectiousness would most directly correlate to maximum loss of productivity across the board, it would make sense for these strains to be vaccinated against. Also, since those with compromised immune systems are more likely to come into contact with highly infectious strains, vaccinating against these strains would provide a herd immunity to protect the vulnerable. 2. The cheapest vaccinations to produce and manufacture are prioritized. I am assuming that only a handful of flu strains are characterized well enough to cheaply synthesize a vaccine. Additionally, the seasonal flu vaccine is very cheap, to where pharmacies can administer them for less than 20 dollars. Money and profit is always a motivator when decisions are made. 3. The deadliest strains are prioritized. Prioritizing the strains that might be less infectious but have a higher mortality rate would decrease the overall burden on the health care system. I'm guessing that the deadlier strains would result in increased hospital visits and health care costs for a small number of people, compared to a greater number of people with minor symptoms. Vaccinating against the deadliest strains would not only save more lives, but also decrease the burdens on the hospitals and ERs. 4. The strains that are local to my area are prioritized. I could be wrong, but flu outbreaks might be local. Protecting against the strains that are local to my area would prevent spreading that specific strain beyond a geographical location, essentially creating a quarantine area. Any insights would be appreciated! submitted by /u/thesilentmantis [link] [comments]

If the sense of smell is usually associated closely with memory, what happens with memory recall/association in someone who was born without it? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 05:47 AM PDT submitted by /u/Tokusatsu_fan [link] [comments]

Can people with a cochlear implant hear the direction a sound is coming from? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 06:36 AM PDT I guess I'm asking about those who would be classified completely deaf without their implant, are they able to detect where in their environment a sound is coming from like normally functioning ears can? submitted by /u/Personwhoisfriendly [link] [comments]

Why do we need to take flu shots every year, don't we already have anti-bodies for the flu virus? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 05:52 PM PDT submitted by /u/YourAriness [link] [comments]

Why do we need sleep? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 05:12 PM PDT Title, I'm curious as to the advantages of sleep and why exactly we need it. submitted by /u/ajhiitree [link] [comments]

What makes something indigestible? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 05:05 AM PDT Why are there things our bodies can digest, and somethings that we cannot? What makes them indigestible? submitted by /u/Skylineblue [link] [comments]

Why is there still sunlight after the sun set? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 08:45 AM PDT Is it because of mountains reflecting the sunlight? In this case, is it immediately dark after a sun set in e.g the desert? Or is it because of the atmosphere? submitted by /u/6_67408 [link] [comments]

What's the reason for a red turn arrow? Posted: 19 Oct 2017 06:28 PM PDT I understand how a green arrow can allow backed up traffic to flow through but I can't see the reason for a red arrow. Why not allow motorists to turn when safe. submitted by /u/liquidthunder [link] [comments]

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