Why Do Certain Chemicals Cause Different Individuals To Experience Similar Complex Thoughts/Hallucinations? Where Is The Information Coming From? | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, August 3, 2017

Why Do Certain Chemicals Cause Different Individuals To Experience Similar Complex Thoughts/Hallucinations? Where Is The Information Coming From?

Why Do Certain Chemicals Cause Different Individuals To Experience Similar Complex Thoughts/Hallucinations? Where Is The Information Coming From?


Why Do Certain Chemicals Cause Different Individuals To Experience Similar Complex Thoughts/Hallucinations? Where Is The Information Coming From?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 12:20 AM PDT

So, I've come across 2 chemicals that regularly cause people to all have similar complex hallucinations.

  1. Tetraethyllead - when workers were exposed to hazardous concentrations of the chemical, they contracted lead poisoning, but all reported having a similar hallucinations of "being eaten alive by butterflies".

  2. DMT - many uses report seeing "machine elves" when they are hallucinating.

My question is: these aren't merely symptoms like stomach pain, or generalized hallucinations like seeing flashing colors, etc. These are complex thoughts. How is it that different people can all experience the same complex thoughts from a simple chemical? Clearly the information isn't being transmitted by the chemical itself... but it's almost more unlikely that the same information is present in everyone's brain waiting for the chemical to trigger it. Such would suggest that everyone has the same "I'm being eaten by butterflies" receptor in their brain, waiting to be activated by TEL.

Or is it just that these drugs all affect the brain in some simpler way and everyone just has the same predictable way of making sense of the hallucinogenic effects? But then what's there to differentiate one hallucinogen from another? Why does DMT cause people to hallucinate "machine elves", but other hallucinogens don't?

submitted by /u/Suozlx
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Does a multi-decade concentration of Radon gas lead to an accumulation of lead particles in an enclosed environment (basement)?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 06:09 AM PDT

I was looking at the decay chain for Radon, and noticed that the first stable element in the chain is lead 210.

So if a basement, for example, has high Radon levels for, say 100 years, would that create a higher than normal concentration of lead in that enclosed environment?

submitted by /u/kickturkeyoutofnato
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How do we distinguish an evolutionary trait from a genetic anomaly?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 05:41 AM PDT

Are bats leaving a cave able to distinguish their individual "chirps" from one another or does the accumulation of all the "chirps" create a sonic map for all the bats?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 06:49 PM PDT

Can we have twin planets like we have twin stars?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 03:34 AM PDT

How would they circle eachother and their respective star(s)?

submitted by /u/Moshkown
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Is there a specific reason why the genus Echinops is so popular with various pollinating insects?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 12:45 AM PDT

The Echinops Genus

Picture with, bees, bumblebees, wasp and a fly.

submitted by /u/MC_Kloppedie
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Whats happening when bread goes stale?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 04:59 AM PDT

What would a finite positively curved universe mean for the twin paradox?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 05:54 PM PDT

So my understanding of the twin paradox is that there are two twins, A and B, A stays on earth and B goes off on a spaceship at 99% the speed of light. From A's perspective, B is travelling at 0.99C, and so clocks on B's spaceship are running slowly, meaning B ages less. But from B's perspective, A is travelling at 0.99C in the opposite direction, meaning B sees these effects happening to A instead. From both reference frames, the other twin is ageing slower, and so the paradox asks: who has aged less when the twins are reunited.

The solution to this paradox is that B has to accelerate in order to turn around and come back home. This acceleration means that B is no longer in an inertial reference frame, and so this solves the paradox.

BUT. In a positively curved universe, you would not need to turn around and accelerate to come back home. If you travel in one direction for long enough, you would end up back where you started, the same way an ant walking around the surface of a sphere in one direction would end up back where it started. Who would be older and younger when twin B arrives back at earth?

submitted by /u/Kelan_
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I where do they electrons in circuits come from? Are they in the metal or not bound to anything?

Posted: 03 Aug 2017 03:07 AM PDT

How have continents survived plate tectonics for this long?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 08:59 PM PDT

If plate tectonics "recycles" the Earth's crust by subsuming and melting down plates, and then generating new material elsewhere, how the heck have the continents/plates as we know them survived so long?

I remember seeing a map of Pangaea breaking up (something like this: pic) and being amazed that basically every recognizable landmass on Earth just basically slides around from one place to another, nothing lost, nothing gained.

I dug around a bit on Wikipedia for other supercontinents. The 1.59 billion year old "Columbia" has much, much less recognizable land (pic#/media/File:Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg)) but still, there are many parts that still exist on Earth.

What am I missing here? How do parts like Greenland, West Africa, and Antarctica move north, south, east, and west all over the freaking globe for 1.59 billion years without being recycled?

submitted by /u/wankbollox
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Why does it take energy to make things colder if this process is removing energy?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 04:46 PM PDT

Theoretically could this energy be harvested rather than just absorbed into a chemical reaction?

submitted by /u/pud_
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[Biology] Do all nautiluses have the same number of tentacles on their face?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 07:45 PM PDT

is the number different by age or gender?

submitted by /u/sucrerey
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Why does baking soda expire?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 08:22 PM PDT

Why does Pi go on forever?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 06:51 AM PDT

How long is the actual process of supernova explosion?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 09:03 AM PDT

So we have the well known Betelgeuse star which is getting close to a supernova stage. My question is, how fast is the actual process? I know that it is probably a bad question since the actual explosion takes only a few moments but I want to know for example how long will it take from the actual explosion (visible from earth) to it expanding over let's say 1 degree in the sky?

submitted by /u/RudaBaron
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Do all currently-living things share a single common ancestor?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 09:41 PM PDT

I know that generally all life is thought to have a Last Universal Common Ancestor, but was that most likely a single individual? Or is it more likely that early primordial life arose via multiple events, and therefore no matter how far you go back there are currently-living organisms that never shared an ancestor?

EDIT: added a word

submitted by /u/Trent_A
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How is it that you can compress TBs of data into small easy to move zip files? Shouldn't the data take up the same amount of memory all the time?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 10:45 AM PDT

I don't get how you can make data take up less space even though it is the same amount of information.

submitted by /u/CustomVox
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How did Venus acquire its dense atmosphere?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 11:18 AM PDT

How did Venus' atmosphere get so dense and volatile?

submitted by /u/READERmii
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Why do out of tune instruments that play together create those weird pulses?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 01:02 PM PDT

How and why does entropy change during adiabatic magnetisation and subsequent demagnetisation?

Posted: 02 Aug 2017 12:05 PM PDT

I am an A-level student trying to do some wider reading and came across the magnetocaloric effect. I was reading this article and got confused in the first paragraph where is is stated:

the isothermal compression of a gas (we apply pressure and the entropy decreases) is analogous to the isothermal magnetisation of a paramagnet or a soft ferromagnet (we apply H and the magnetic entropy decreases), while the subsequent adiabatic expansion of a gas (we lower pressure at constant entropy and temperature decreases) is equivalent to adiabatic demagnetisation (we remove H, the total entropy remains constant and temperature decreases since the magnetic entropy increases).

I suppose I was mostly wondering why the temperature decreases instead of the total entropy during demagnetisation but was also wondering how to conserve entropy in both the adiabatic expansion of a gas as well as in demagnetisation. Thanks in advance.

P.S: Any good recommendations on places to start on becoming familiar with thermodynamics (so I don't have to pester you guys) at a level appropriate to me would be greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/destroyerking492
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