Solar Eclipse Megathread | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, August 10, 2017

Solar Eclipse Megathread

Solar Eclipse Megathread


Solar Eclipse Megathread

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 08:19 AM PDT

On August 21, 2017, a solar eclipse will cross the United States and a partial eclipse will be visible in other countries. There's been a lot of interest in the eclipse in /r/askscience, so this is a mega thread so that all questions are in one spot. This allows our experts one place to go to answer questions.

Ask your eclipse related questions and read more about the eclipse here! Panel members will be in and out throughout the day so please do not expect an immediate answer.

Here are some helpful links related to the eclipse:

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How come otorhinolaryngology is a single discipline if it concerns three different body parts? Are these connected in some way? Are there other examples of specialties that include multiple minor subspecialties?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 06:33 AM PDT

How to sum orbital angular moments to get Russell-Saunders coupling's L?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 07:19 AM PDT

On this site I have found the following sentence:

Consider, as an example, the excited helium atom in the atomic electron configuration 2p3p. By the triangular conditions the one-electron spins s = ½ can couple to |½−½|, ½+½ = 0, 1 (spin singlet and triplet) and the two orbital angular momenta l = 1 can couple to L = |1−1|, 1, 1+1 = 0, 1, 2.

I sort of understand the spin part but I have trouble with the orbital angular momentum, why can it be equal to 1 if I have two electrons both with l=1. Maybe a better example can be found in Linus Pauling's book titled General Chemistry (and this is what I couldn't understood first but even after trying to find it out on my own I'm stuck.). He shows us an example with a carbon atom. Here's my thought process on getting the Russel-Saunders symbol:

  • C's electron config: 1s2 2s2 2p2, we don't have to look at the first two orbitals because both S=0 and L=0
  • 2p2 can be 2px2, 2px1 2py1 (and other basically the same variations), in the first case S=0 in the second S=1 This is what I don't get, both sources says L=0,1,2, but I can't make sense of L=1, (although I can't really make sense about the other values either, but at least I can arithmetically get to those). They are vectors and I understand that px py and pz orbits all point to directions perpendicular to each other, in which case adding them together should result in values 2 (if same direction) or sqrt(2) in every other case. Not even 0 should be a correct answer, so I definitely don't understand something basic here.

Also, if it wouldn't be that big of a trouble, could you please explan what J actually is (the subscript on the right)?

submitted by /u/Muoniurn
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What is the scientific definition of temperature?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 07:12 PM PDT

I have been googling this and having a great deal of trouble finding definitions that don't seem circular. In particular, the following is bothering me. Temperature seems to be defined by internal energy (u = 3/2RT) for an ideal gas. Internal energy can be theoretically defined (velocity + vibration + rotation, etc). But specific heat capacity increases with temperature for a real gas, meaning there is more energy per degree of temperature increase. How can there be more energy increase per degree if a degree is literally defined in terms of the amount of energy increase?

Does temperature actually only depend on particle velocity, and other effects just happen to be negligible at normal temperatures? What gives?

submitted by /u/spacemonkeyzoo
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For how long can a typical housefly stay airborne before it runs out of energy?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 01:52 PM PDT

It's impressive how long it can buzz around and be super annoying without needing to eat.

submitted by /u/manofredgables
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What purpose does Iron serve in our bodies? Are there any elements that could theoretically replace it, in an environment where iron wasn't abundant/available?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 08:31 AM PDT

2 parts curiosity, 1 part research for a story I'm mulling over.

submitted by /u/Avenmar
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From 2010 to 2016, student loan debt has approximately doubled, and the average student loan debt in 2016 has seen a 50% increase from 2010. What factors are driving this growth and what's the outlook of it's sustainability?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 08:14 PM PDT

How exactly does cancer physically kill you?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 08:11 AM PDT

Schizophrenia: Are voices ever perceived as benevolent?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 09:33 AM PDT

From popular fiction, the voices schizophrenic people hear are always angry, insulting, or downright evil. However, do some schizophrenics hear more benevolent or supportive voices?

submitted by /u/Tendy777
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Why is the ideal gas law selective to certain types of energy?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 03:21 PM PDT

Today in school I learned about the ideal gas laws. As we know, the formula is PV=nRT, t being temperature. Temperature is the average kinetic energy. We learned that there are several ways energy can be absorbed by gas molecules. This includes collision, rotating, vibration, bending. However, my teacher said collision is the only way that energy can be absorbed and that can be accounted for the ideal gas laws. Why is that? Why can't all types work for ideal gas laws?

I probably said something wrong so I'll try to clarify.

submitted by /u/XXXtaxation
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How exactly does cancer work?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 02:02 PM PDT

I hear things like "cancer attacks" but I don't understand how a cell made incorrectly can do that. It's not like a virus who is programmed to attack body, so how and what does it do.

submitted by /u/bushdiid911
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How long/many organ transplants did it take for us to truly understand how our body rejects new organs and how to fight this process?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 07:43 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why are there different types of seismic waves? Why do P waves, S waves and L waves occur/travel seperately?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 06:15 AM PDT

If there was an ocean in Mars, which color would it have?

Posted: 09 Aug 2017 02:33 AM PDT

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