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Saturday, May 27, 2017

Why do we have to fry food in oil?

Why do we have to fry food in oil?


Why do we have to fry food in oil?

Posted: 27 May 2017 12:47 AM PDT

Fried food tastes delicious, and I know that you can "fry" items in hot air but it isn't as good. Basically my question is what physical properties of oil make it an ideal medium for cooking food to have that crunchy exterior? Why doesn't boiling water achieve the same effect?

I assume it has to do with specific heat capacity. Any thoughts?

submitted by /u/PirateWenchTula
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Why are there no green stars?

Posted: 27 May 2017 04:50 AM PDT

So I was reading a space book with my 5yo talking about different stars, their colours and temperatures.

From cool to hit the scale went Red, Orange, Yellow, White And Blue.

Tl ;dr; Why do stars go from yellow to white to blue, rather than through green like a rainbow?

submitted by /u/GSV-CargoCult
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Are there non continuous macroscopic physical quantities?

Posted: 27 May 2017 05:16 AM PDT

Temperature, speed, pressure, energy... are all continuous in any situation, to the best of my knowledge. Even square waves are in practice continuous. Do non continuous macroscopic physical quantities exist? Why or why not?

submitted by /u/Hykarus
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What is the maximum achievable Data transfer rate from Mars to Earth?

Posted: 27 May 2017 05:16 AM PDT

Mars being a center of attention for human colonization and search for extraterrestrial life, several probes are being planned to be sent to Mars in near future (2020). Once landed, those probes will be able to collect huge amount of interesting data and images. Between Mars (orbiter satellite) and Earth, current data transfer rate seems quite slow (3 to 128 kbps). Faster data transmission would accelerate the exploration of the red planet.

What is the maximum data transfer rate that can be achieved by 2020 using current technologies? Is it possible to boost the data transmission by at least a magnitude (Mbps)? How?

submitted by /u/graviboson
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Why, when I'm tired and trying to fall asleep, do I feel like I'm falling or slipping and make a random spasm without consciously trying to?

Posted: 26 May 2017 03:53 PM PDT

Basically this. Whenever I'm tired or sometimes just trying to fall asleep, I sometimes get this feeling that I'm falling and will make a random spasm without trying to. What is this and why does it happen?

submitted by /u/Stefmonster33
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Why is the speed of light the speed that it is?

Posted: 26 May 2017 12:47 PM PDT

Put another way, what about the universe would have to change for the speed of light to be one kilometer per hour faster or slower?

submitted by /u/Galileo228
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May longitudinal eletric field oscillations be considered EM waves?

Posted: 26 May 2017 09:50 PM PDT

EM waves must be transverse because of the way the oscillations on electric and magnetic fields perpetuate each other as they propagate from the source.

However, even without this mechanism, imagine this:

You have two eletrically charged spheres near each other, each one being held on their place by a spring that allows them to move in the direction in which they are aligned (see drawing below).

Here's the drawing of it (this would be the system in the equilibrium state)(sorry for being lazy to draw the electric fields)

The electric field both produces is strong enough to cause the other to oscillate if you move one of them. And then, you pull one of them, making it oscillate and making both work as oscillators coupled by the electric field.

In this scenario, the variation of the field (that corroborates with the motion) occurs in the same direction they oscillate. And as nothing can propagate instantaneously, this oscillations must propagate through the space between both.

So, it's an oscilation in the electric field, that's propagating between them and transfering energy from one to other.

Why can't it be considered as an wave? Even if in a small scale, as it decays rapdly as the distance increases, differently from an transverse EM wave (like the very-low energy transverse EM waves that they would be producing during this).

Other scenario i could propose to simply talk about the longitudinal variation of electric field would be the field in the front of an flat charged surface (like a thin metal sqare) as you change it's charge, making it positively and then negatively charged.

submitted by /u/guferr
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If it is impossible to accelerate something to the speed of light, what happens to the energy that you expend if you try?

Posted: 26 May 2017 07:16 PM PDT

It has to go somewhere, so where is it all going?

submitted by /u/MiseroMCS
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How is the amount of dark matter and dark energy calculated?

Posted: 27 May 2017 12:31 AM PDT

Sorry if im awnseringy own question, but dark matter is calculated based on how much baryonic matter would be requiered to have the gravitational effect dark matter causes, rigth? This one would assume that a given amount, be it regular or dark matter, will always have equal amount of gravitational pull.

But then we have dark energy which is kinda like anti gravity, and there is supposed to be more of this than the former two combined. Well for dark matter we already defined that everything has equal amount of gravitational pull, then how does this not apply to dark energy?

The way I see it, we would have to say something like universe is made out of 20% normal matter, 80% dark matter and negative 300% of dark energy. Either that or a given amount of energy does not have a given amount of gravity. Why isnt it so?

submitted by /u/empire314
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Is there a way to determine the radius of a black hole, or would anything of the sort be a guess?

Posted: 26 May 2017 02:59 PM PDT

Are there any kind of chemical reactions that would achieve temperatures colder than -10C?

Posted: 27 May 2017 03:09 AM PDT

How are sodium and potassium exchanged in neurons without a reaction?

Posted: 26 May 2017 04:40 PM PDT

From my basic understanding of chemistry sodium and potassium pathways open and close causing polarization to make an electrical current. Which is called action potential.

How is this executed without the highly reactive nak being made or bonded?

submitted by /u/sacredgeometry13
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Can you measure how far a storm is from you by lightning?

Posted: 26 May 2017 12:15 PM PDT

I learned when I was younger that when you see a flash of lightning, every five seconds you count is a mile (for how far the storm is from you). Wasn't completely sure if that was completely accurate or just a good educated guess.

submitted by /u/Cup_of_Morning_Joe
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Is a 100-character message encoded with a 100-character randomized key completely safe from decryption without that key?

Posted: 26 May 2017 09:24 PM PDT

I heard in conversation a while ago that if you have a 100-character message string encoded with a 100-character key string of randomized characters, then there's no way to decrypt without the key. Since they key is 100% random and unknown, each character is exactly as likely to be any character, causing no discernible patterns to form in the encoded message.

To explain in simplified form, in case I'm not using terms correctly (no knowledge of cryptology beyond anecdote):

Message: 1122334455 Randomized Key: 9403609884 (add digits to encode) Encoded message: 0525933239

Because the key is a randomized set of digits, the encoded message (without the key) is equally likely to be any of the 10-billion 10-digit strings, if I'm thinking through this correctly.

  • Is this actually the case?

And then, ancillary questions (I don't really see any rules against these, they're just sort of where my mind goes when I think about this situation, feel free to answer or ignore if they're too much.)

  • How secure is a 100-character message encoded with, this time, a randomized but repeating 10-character key?

  • Does the "key length-to-message length" ratio affect the situation in any quantifiable way?

  • Would this simple form of encryption be unusable for some practical reason outside of mathematics, or is there some mathematical way to break a code like this, (preferably communicated in a way a person with only an undergraduate in mathematics will understand)?

submitted by /u/sid_lordoftheflame
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Do the planets orbit the sun on a flat plane like shown in diagrams and mock-ups of the solar system?

Posted: 26 May 2017 12:27 PM PDT

Most posters and images I see of the solar system shows all the planets on a flat planet was wondering if that was actually the case.

Edit: I'm on mobile and wasn't able to add a flair, my apologies.

submitted by /u/CreepnGames
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Would Buzz Aldrin's footprints still be visible on the moon today from Apollo 11?

Posted: 26 May 2017 11:28 AM PDT

Why is the induction of anesthesia slower with more soluble anesthetic gases?

Posted: 26 May 2017 03:09 PM PDT

When comparing two anesthetic gases with different solubilities, the induction of anesthesia is quicker with a less soluble anesthetic (Let's say Nitrous oxide compared to halothane). I know that it must be related to the partial pressure of the anesthetic in CNS but I cannot understand how or why. Thank you.

submitted by /u/udenizc
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If qubits can be 0 and 1 at the same time, how is information stored in a quantum computer?

Posted: 26 May 2017 12:44 PM PDT

Is the hardness of a material determined by it's melting point?

Posted: 26 May 2017 05:05 PM PDT

Is the hardness of a material determined by the melting point it has? Like, diamond is pretty hard. Is that because it has a high melting point?

If so, could you, in theory, make ice as hard as diamond just by decreasing it's temperature?

submitted by /u/Heythrowawey
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How big are quarks compared to us? For instance, are we as big to quarks as the observable universe is to us? Are we somewhere in the middle between quarks and the observable universe in terms of size?

Posted: 26 May 2017 09:25 AM PDT

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