How could one bake a cake in zero-gravity? What would be its effects on the chemical processes?

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• How could one bake a cake in zero-gravity? What would be its effects on the chemical processes?
• What, if any, relativistic effects would the Breakthrough Starshot nanoprobes experience?
• When someone receives a donated organ, do the cells of the new organ change their DNA to that of the host? What becomes of the DNA in the cells of the donated organ?
• Breakthrough Starshot Megathread
• Could a dinosaur regrow a severed tail like some lizards?
• (hypothetical) What would happen if we magically removed 1m^3 of the earth's core?
• 'Biology' At what point would an invasive species be considered integrated into an ecosyste?
• Why can't you absorb mercury (metal) with a sponge?
• What makes it so hard to replace damaged section of spinal cord?
• What is the weakest signal our radio telescope can receive?
• Would it be possible to change all of our SI units so that all the constants we use in scientific equations all become 1?
• Some people can function on a lot less sleep than others. While asleep, what process happens in their body differently (or more rapidly) than those who require more sleep to allow for this variation?
• Can, like the blur of a spinning quarter, an electron density cloud theoretically be analyzed to predict electron path or is it truly probabilistic?
• What's the theoretical upper velocity we can achieve from using gravitational slingshots. Anyone run the numbers?
• When we talk about the age of universe or stars, in what reference frame are we measuring the time?
• [Physics] Why do EM waves that reflect off a surface at very small angles polarize parallel to the surface?
• Why is the synthesis of isopropanol alcohol carried out at higher temperatures when the reaction is product favored at lower temperatures?
• If the universe contained equal amounts of matter and anti-matter, would the universe eventually annihilate to nothing?
• Why do physicists sometimes speculate that the fundamental constants of nature may vary over time or within different parts of the universe?
• Would it be possible for a less dense planet that is further from it's star to orbit faster than one closer?
• Why do objects burn in flames when they enter the atmosphere?
• Are calcium influxes from different receptors "perceived" as different for the cellular processes?

How could one bake a cake in zero-gravity? What would be its effects on the chemical processes? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 09:19 PM PDT Discounting the difficulty of building a zero-G oven, how does gravity affect the rising of the batter, water boiling, etc? How much longer would it take? Would the cosmonauts need a spherical pan? Do speculate on any related physical processes apart from cake rising, which I just thought of as a simple example. Could one cook in zero G? submitted by /u/IntermezzoAmerica [link] [comments]

What, if any, relativistic effects would the Breakthrough Starshot nanoprobes experience? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 05:03 PM PDT The concept for the recently announced Breakthrough Starshot probes to Alpha Centauri sets the target for the interstellar speed of the probes at 100,000,000 miles per hour; ~20% the speed of light. Would traveling at this speed subject the probes to any significant time dilation (perhaps creating novel problems for communications, or even mechanical wear?) or other relativistic effects? Official project page: http://breakthroughinitiatives.org/Initiative/3 Media announcement (source of 20% speed of light claim): http://www.vox.com/2016/4/12/11415516/stephen-hawking-alpha-centari-breakthough-starshot-yuri-milner submitted by /u/ArtfulJamster [link] [comments]

When someone receives a donated organ, do the cells of the new organ change their DNA to that of the host? What becomes of the DNA in the cells of the donated organ? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 08:12 PM PDT submitted by /u/vocabularian [link] [comments]

Breakthrough Starshot Megathread Posted: 13 Apr 2016 03:32 PM PDT Hi everyone! We're getting a number of questions related to the Breakthrough Starshot, a project to design a nanoprobe mission to Alpha Centauri. Come join us and ask your questions here! NY Times article Ars Technica article Some challenges listed submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

Could a dinosaur regrow a severed tail like some lizards? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 08:14 PM PDT submitted by /u/Klassix [link] [comments]

(hypothetical) What would happen if we magically removed 1m^3 of the earth's core? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 03:20 PM PDT We had a little discussion over in this post, musing about the hypothetical question of what happened if we beamed away 1m3 of the earths core - would the resulting implosion be noticeable? (assuming a spherical portion of the core's center beamed away) We know so far that the earth's core has an overpressure of 360 Gigapascals and that gravitational effects would probably not play that much of a role. What we don't know is, for example, is, at what speeds would this event happen? How much energy would be released? In what ways does the core's composition play a role? submitted by /u/Dr_Mottek [link] [comments]

'Biology' At what point would an invasive species be considered integrated into an ecosyste? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 07:53 PM PDT It obviously varies from individual ecosystems, but I've always wondered if destroying "invasive species" actually hurts ecosystems based on how long it's been in the environment. submitted by /u/J-1s [link] [comments]

Why can't you absorb mercury (metal) with a sponge? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 02:23 PM PDT If sponges absorb liquids, and mercury is a liquid metal, why can't mercury be absorbed by a sponge? submitted by /u/EarthThroughTheLens [link] [comments]

What makes it so hard to replace damaged section of spinal cord? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 06:05 PM PDT I've Googled around and haven't found a very good answer to this question. What are some of the problems that make it so hard for us to replace damaged sections of a spinal cord? submitted by /u/glambx [link] [comments]

What is the weakest signal our radio telescope can receive? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 02:45 PM PDT The starshot project made me wonder how we would communicate with a cell phone like emitter light years away. I know that this is already a problem with probes (like New Horizons), which are both considerably larger and closer. submitted by /u/giantsqueed [link] [comments]

Would it be possible to change all of our SI units so that all the constants we use in scientific equations all become 1? Posted: 14 Apr 2016 12:27 AM PDT It's been a while since I've taken any science courses but I remember all the constants were in terms of some SI units. Like Coulomb's constant is in terms of newtons and metres and coulombs, and the gravitational constant is in terms of of newtons and metres and mass. Would it be possible to change our SI units for mass and force and distance and all the other things that different constants are in terms of in order to make each constant equal 1 (or if not 1 at least some whole number) in terms of our new SI units? If it's possible what might some of those units look like? submitted by /u/aJrenalin [link] [comments]

Some people can function on a lot less sleep than others. While asleep, what process happens in their body differently (or more rapidly) than those who require more sleep to allow for this variation? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 01:29 PM PDT submitted by /u/clitbeastwood [link] [comments]

Can, like the blur of a spinning quarter, an electron density cloud theoretically be analyzed to predict electron path or is it truly probabilistic? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 02:18 PM PDT This front page post of a spinning quarter got me wondering. The macroscopic view shows a blurry 'cloud' not visually unlike an electron density cloud. Not just that, but an electron density cloud is often described as probabilistic, with the position being otherwise unknowable. Similarly, the position of the quarter can be expressed in probabilistic terms: the quarter has, at any given moment, an equal probability of making any angle θ with respect to a coordinate plane orthagonal to the spin axis. Without knowledge of underlying patterns, that is the best approximation possible. Yet, with classical physics, the 'cloud' may be analytically deconstructed to determine the path or position of the quarter. All that is required is known data, in this case, the velocity, mass distribution, size, etc. These form conditional probabilities that make for a predictable path, thus expressible in terms of equations (eg. the probability that the angle 1 second from now is π radians is 100% given that the current angle is 0, angular velocity is π rads/s, angular acceleration is 0, etc; θ' = θ+w*t+(1/2)αt2 Is nature truly probabilistic, or do we simply not have the mathematical expressions and measurement sensitivity required to find the underlying patterns? submitted by /u/Ignatius7 [link] [comments]

What's the theoretical upper velocity we can achieve from using gravitational slingshots. Anyone run the numbers? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 05:02 PM PDT submitted by /u/EqualWeight [link] [comments]

When we talk about the age of universe or stars, in what reference frame are we measuring the time? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT submitted by /u/hawaldaar [link] [comments]

[Physics] Why do EM waves that reflect off a surface at very small angles polarize parallel to the surface? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 03:03 PM PDT Preferebly with a nice metaphor to help a friend of mine understand submitted by /u/firewall245 [link] [comments]

Why is the synthesis of isopropanol alcohol carried out at higher temperatures when the reaction is product favored at lower temperatures? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 09:45 PM PDT It is stated in my chemistry text book that the industrial process is carried out at 180 degrees Celsius. I cant wrap my head around why this is the case. submitted by /u/Revircs [link] [comments]

If the universe contained equal amounts of matter and anti-matter, would the universe eventually annihilate to nothing? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 02:12 PM PDT By equal amounts I mean for each electron a positron, neutron and antineutron, etc. submitted by /u/DoTheDew420 [link] [comments]

Why do physicists sometimes speculate that the fundamental constants of nature may vary over time or within different parts of the universe? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 02:00 PM PDT Is there either empirical data, or theoretical reasons to believe that the fundamental constants have changed and/or can change? Or is this speculation just because no physical law explicitly forbids it from happening? Or is the speculation because it would possibly resolve the Goldilocks enigma? submitted by /u/medschoolprof [link] [comments]

Would it be possible for a less dense planet that is further from it's star to orbit faster than one closer? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 10:13 AM PDT submitted by /u/hellpigsblack1 [link] [comments]

Why do objects burn in flames when they enter the atmosphere? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 11:37 PM PDT What makes this happen? and how did NASA accurately solved this? submitted by /u/pulpheroe [link] [comments]

Are calcium influxes from different receptors "perceived" as different for the cellular processes? Posted: 13 Apr 2016 10:12 PM PDT I am trying to wrap my head around the immensity of the cellular pathways, specifically in respect to long-term-potentiation (LTP). There are several LTP induction techniques and several forms of LTP such as NMDAR dependent and independent, however most, if not all of the ionotropic parts of LTP involve a calcium influx. And several metabotropic systems do so as well. Where my comprehension seems to fail is when I try to understand why one calcium influx is different from another; non-glurA2 AMPA receptors can just like NMDAR and voltage gated calcium channels induce a calcium influx into the cell yet this influx does not have the same effect depending on the receptor it was induced by. Do these receptors/channels have some sort of secondairy metabotropic activty to specify their target cascades. Possibly the target enzymes are in close(r) proximity to certain receptors? Calcium influx from PKC/IP3 cascade raises calcium concentration in the cytosol and can activate camkk, mapk and PKA (among others). Does a calcium influx through voltage gated channels also increase the activity of all of these enzymes? If this is the case, how is there any specificity in these systems? If however this is not the case, how is the difference in calcium specified (and what is the role of ionotropic receptors herein?). Sorry for the wall of text and my apologies if I made incorrect assumptions, I hope someone can help! Thanks, Dagl submitted by /u/Dagl1 [link] [comments]

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