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Thursday, January 27, 2022

There are lots of well-characterised genetic conditions in humans, are there any rare mutations that confer an advantage?

There are lots of well-characterised genetic conditions in humans, are there any rare mutations that confer an advantage?


There are lots of well-characterised genetic conditions in humans, are there any rare mutations that confer an advantage?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:50 PM PST

Generally we associate mutations with disease, I wonder if there are any that benefit the person. These could be acquired mutations as well as germline.

I think things like red hair and green eyes are likely to come up but they are relatively common.

submitted by /u/RichardsonM24
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AskScience AMA Series: We're the researchers who found that CBD can prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication, and that it has the potential to prevent COVID-19 in humans. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 27 Jan 2022 04:01 AM PST

With the COVID-19 pandemic still going strong after almost 2 years, it's clear that we need more than vaccines to help stop the spread of the virus. In a study published last week in Science Advances, our interdisciplinary team of researchers found, to our surprise, that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid produced by the cannabis plant, can prevent replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in human cells in a dish, and that mice who are pre-treated with CBD shower lower rates of infection when exposed to the virus. We also looked at real-world data collected from patients who were taking a medically prescribed CBD solution for the treatment of epilepsy and found that they tested positive for COVID-19 at significantly lower rates than similar patients who were not taking CBD. All together, we feel this provides compelling evidence that CBD could be a prophylactic treatment to prevent COVID-19, or even a treatment that could be used in the early stages of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We are now hoping to launch clinical trials on the topic.

Read a summary of the research paper here.

Marsha Rosner, PhD, is the Charles B. Huggins Professor in the Ben May Department for Cancer Research at the University of Chicago. She usually studies the signaling mechanisms that lead to the generation of tumor cells and their progression to metastatic disease.

Glenn Randall, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology at UChicago. He studies the roles of virus-host interactions in replication and pathogenesis in RNA viruses.

We'll be on after 2:30 Central (3:30 PM ET, 20:30 UT), Ask Us Anything!

Username: /u/UChicagoMedicine

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Do the Andes mountains contribute to the Amazon rain forest?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:26 PM PST

I'm wondering if wind patterns blowing westerly and being blocked by the Andes mountains prevented erosion but provided pollination.

Or better question yet, what is the major contributing factor of the Amazon rain forest?

submitted by /u/tennisanybody
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Can we spin molecules using electromagnetic waves?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:49 PM PST

Hello, I have been learning about radio, and now my understanding of a microwave oven is that water is polar, so changing electromagnetic fields can cause a torque(?)... Which reminds me of how an electric motor works. Surely if that's the case, we can spin molecules with electromagnetic waves. If we can, is there applications? Does anything interesting happen if molecules spin quickly?

submitted by /u/fofz1776
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How are radio waves with multiplicities of a given frequency distinguished?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 03:24 PM PST

AFAIU we avoid having different entities interfere with each other on the same frequency by having e.g. FCC regulations, DFS on the WiFi networks, etc.

But what about multiplicities of a given frequency?

Let's say you and I are broadcasting bits by modifying amplitude at 100Hz and 200Hz - won't we interfere with each other?

submitted by /u/Serious-Film-579
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Why is the Mars Rover limited to 0,14 km/h in speed?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:24 AM PST

Wouldn't it make more sense to go a little faster (like .5km/h) to cover the more flat parts of Mars?

submitted by /u/medardoo1
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If a chain of perfectly identical links is pulled from both ends with enough force to break it, where does it break?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:09 AM PST

In real life, this would depend on how the links were made, imperfections in the material, stress from previous use etc. But imagine the platonic ideal of a steel chain, with every link perfectly identical. If you attach identical hooks to each end and pull with enough force to break the chain, where will it break? Will every link deform at the same rate so the whole thing falls apart at once?

submitted by /u/LazarusRises
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Why is there bacteria everywhere? What does bacteria feed on to survive and multiply on the floor for example?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 03:56 PM PST

Wednesday, January 26, 2022

What determines the number of propeller blades a vehicle has?

What determines the number of propeller blades a vehicle has?


What determines the number of propeller blades a vehicle has?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 03:23 AM PST

Some aircrafts have three, while some have seven balded props. Similarly helicopters and submarines also have different number of propellers.

submitted by /u/Steve1924
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If you've taken an annual influenza vaccine for say 10 years, does that give a better protection for influenza in general even if you were to not take it a year and get influenza?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 09:19 AM PST

Has there been any study done to prove if it offers milder symptoms? In my mind that would possibly give a broad T-cell protection for most new influenza mutations.

E: I came back to far more replies than I expected! Thanks everyone, I highly appreciate the many interesting answers.

submitted by /u/rosts
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How many watts are spend to raise the body temperature in case of a fever?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 02:22 AM PST

How many watts does the body (M / 80kg or 176 lbs) use to raise the body temperature from normal (37° C or 98.5 F) to 40° C or 104 F during a fever? How many extra watts are spent to keep this higher temperature for an hour compared to normal body temperature?

And yes, you guessed it right. Currently, I'm sick AF and bored AF.

submitted by /u/rbienz
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With the Covid-19 vaccines nearing 10 billion administered doses, would that make it the most administered approved drug/treatment/preventative in history?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 10:09 AM PST

I don't know what a blanket term for administered "medications" would be called when considering preventatives and treatments, but I'm also curious if the vaccine also beats out those things as well?

(So not just compared to other vaccines, but to other treatments for other diseases, including long term administrations)

submitted by /u/MCPE_Master_Builder
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Do electron holes actually "move" in a P-type semiconductor?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:44 AM PST

All the explanations I read say a hole carries the charges by moving through the semiconductor. But how can a hole or void actually move? From my understanding the hole gets filled with an electron, which creates a new hole where that electron was, and another electron fills the new hole, and the cycle continues. So how is the hole itself moving? To me it seems more logical that it's a chain of filling holes rather than a void moving through matter.

*Also I'm sorry I'm not sure whether this questions is physics, chemistry, engineering, or mathematics so I just went chemistry

submitted by /u/Mydogatemyexcuse
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What determines how far fast moving gas can move through a gas?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 03:31 AM PST

If I use my mouth/lungs to blow air with some speed, I can feel that gust of air a meter away, but not ten meters away. Are there some formulas for how far a fast moving gas can retain speed, or how much it slows down, moving in a gas like air? It would probably depend on several factors, including the initial speed and pressure of the surrounding gas.

A concrete example: is there a speed v such that if we accelerated CO2 to that speed, aimed upwards, it would make it out into space with enough speed to permanently leave the planet? Or would Earth's atmosphere slow it down to capture it again, regardless of the initial speed?

submitted by /u/Dagusiu
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Can the Hubble telescope take a picture of the Webb telescope?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 07:20 PM PST

Do their relative positions let them see each other?

submitted by /u/rajost
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What makes a liquide "swim able" ? (Viscosity? Density?)

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 02:39 AM PST

I'm thinking if there are liquids that no matter how hard you swim, you would simply sink.

submitted by /u/0K4M1
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If someone is infected with SARS-COV-2 before vs. after vs. no mRNA vaccination, would their non-spike (nucleocapsid/membrane/envelope) antibody reponses be similar, or different? Would they have similar levels of said antibodies? Would those persist for a similar length of time?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 09:18 PM PST

In other words, if one person was infected before getting vaccinated, another was infected after getting vaccinated, and another was infected and never got vaccinated, would they have similar levels of non-spike antibodies, say, 6-12 months later? Or would the levels be higher/lower in one or the other?

I know it varies from person to person based on many different factors, so for the sake of argument, let's say these three people are biologically identical clones and they were all asymptomatic.

submitted by /u/Any_Camel628
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Would A Binary System Of A Star (Preferable a yellow dwarf) And An Equally Sized Black Hole Be Stable?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 12:02 AM PST

(This is for a sci-fi project of mine). What stars would be best for this binary system? Would it be habitable? Would it be possible to place the planet in between the two celestial bodies? Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/FoulPeasant
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Can someone explain lateralization vs localization in the context of focal and secondary genralized seizures?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 03:46 AM PST

I hear the terms thrown around alot on my neuro placement (med student), but googling things hasnt helped much.

From what I understand, localization is where the focal part of the seizure displays signs typical of a certain part of the brain? For example something involving right motor cortex might cause head / gaze / arm movement towards the left side?

It's lateralization that confuses me. How is this different?

submitted by /u/97anon
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Where do the positrons come from that are used in PET scanners?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 11:02 PM PST

I've read a few articles that state the antimatter is pretty rare in the universe. If I understand correctly, positrons are antimatter. Yet PET scanners are run for many hours each day in hospitals around the world, so it seems like they can't be too rare. If antimatter is so rare, where do the scanners get the positrons they use? Can PET scanners run out of positrons like a car runs out of gas?

submitted by /u/propertyq
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Why was Asia mostly ice-free during the last glacial maximum while Europe and North America were half-covered by glaciers?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 08:19 PM PST

Permanent Magnets and "Finite Energy"?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 07:58 AM PST

How can permanent magnets wich are said to lose 1-5% efficiency in 100 years not be a life time energy suply ? In other words: If they lose 1-5% of they'r energy every few good years why we dont use them for free electricity? Or we already do and it hided ?

I whould apreciate to get an answear to any of this 2 questions and whit all the "bs" that whould explain why magnets can't make an nearly endless suply of energy if the answear is no.

submitted by /u/Aggressive_Duty4997
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If someone is doing research on Schedule I controlled drugs, where do they get the drugs?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST

Are they made in their own labs or does the government dole them out from drug busts/seizures after testing them thoroughly? Other ways of getting them?

submitted by /u/OKrakenmyKraken
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What determines if a substance is stringy?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 12:18 PM PST

For example, why are mixtures such as xanthan gum + PVA glue + laundry detergent or acetone + polystyrene stringy? These materials aren't stringy on their own but when mixed they are. How could i make my own super stringy substance?

to clarify, by stringy i mean if you were to put your finger in there and pull it out, it would latch on and make a long rope

submitted by /u/Saltyboi24
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Does the size of a pan affect the time it takes for its center (the area directly above the stove fire), to heat up?

Posted: 26 Jan 2022 02:17 AM PST

To elaborate, lets say we have two pans with the same thickness and same material. The only difference being, one pan has a larger diameter. My question if I apply the same amount of heat to both pans, will the center of the smaller pan heat up faster than the center of the larger pan?

submitted by /u/entelal
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The mite genus, Adactylidium, has an unusual lifecycle, where males impregnate sisters while both are still inside their pregnant mother. How does this not cause the sort of genetic catastrophe that inbreeding is known for?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 05:41 PM PST

From Wikipedia (in case I summarized any of it incorrectly): The pregnant female mite feeds upon a single egg of a thrips, growing five to eight female offspring and one male in her body. The single male mite mates with all the daughters when they are still in the mother. The females, now impregnated, eat their way out of their mother's body so that they can emerge to find new thrips eggs

submitted by /u/anarcho-onychophora
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Why urine is hypertonic to blood in normal physiological conditions?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 08:06 PM PST

Would appreciate if someone can explain!

submitted by /u/Feeling_Position_129
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How do cracks propagate at a molecular level? Once a crack starts, what makes it stop?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST

I'm currently looking into relationships between hardness, tensile strength, and ductility of a substance. What I mostly trying to focus on are brittle materials and the way that they practically completely shatter once a fracture begins. I'm looking for information that relates the initial force applied to how far a crack would propagate through an object. How much energy is lost as a fracture expands through an object? Is the amount of energy lost so small it's almost negligible in brittle objects?

I'm still looking for the answer to these questions, but for some reason I just can't find them. I might not be searching the right things apparently.

submitted by /u/KaptainTZ
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Can multiple objects orbit at L2 or has Webb effectively 'taken' it?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 09:03 AM PST

How do we know for sure that red-shift in distant galaxies / stars is because they are moving away and not because of some other unknown effect on light traveling for insanely long times / distances?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 08:39 AM PST

I know that there is probably something very basic that I am missing but this question keeps coming back into my head after years of thinking about it, and I can't find anything online that explains it (from a google search anyway).

I understand how the doppler effect works, and have no doubt that stars moving away WOULD be red shifted. But doesn't the fact that the farther away we look the more red shifted a light source is imply that there could be some effect on light that is due to the distance / time that light travels?

As an analogy the farther I look in earth's atmosphere, the less color saturated the objects appear to be - that's not due to anything about the objects themselves, it's because of the journey the light has to travel to get to me and the effects of the atmosphere. The fact there is such a clear correlation between color saturation and distance would lead me to believe that the effect is because of the distance itself, not due to some other effect which causes objects that are further away to be less color saturated. I'm not saying that's a possible explanation for the effect, just an analogy of the way you would interpret the data and whether the effect is due to some property of the source itself or a property of the journey the information takes to get to you.

Basically how have astrophysicists ruled out this possibility?

submitted by /u/3xpansion
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What causes the covid headache?

Posted: 25 Jan 2022 07:27 AM PST

Headache seems to be one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. What actually causes it? Dehydration? Blood flow changes? Inflammation? Inquiring minds want to know!

submitted by /u/eldoctordave
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Monday, January 24, 2022

Why aren't there "stuff" accumulated at lagrange points?

Why aren't there "stuff" accumulated at lagrange points?


Why aren't there "stuff" accumulated at lagrange points?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 05:58 AM PST

From what I've read L4 and L5 lagrange points are stable equilibrium points, so why aren't there debris accumulated at these points?

submitted by /u/ludicrousluddite
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Why do fusion reactors use vacuums when fusion happens in the Sun under extremely high pressure?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 01:33 AM PST

How do hospitals use 1-day urine to determine kidney function?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 07:29 AM PST

I heard about this test where patients have to collect urine for 1 day and then creatinine amount is determined (concentration x urine amount). But like how do they do this? They surely can't use a 1.5L sample. Do they just give the container a good shake and then take a small sample? And what about bacteria growth? I've heard sometimes the container has a special powder, what is this substance and what is its purpose?

thanks

submitted by /u/aidenargall
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Do sound waves move faster or slower depending on temperature?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 01:10 AM PST

Bonus: Does temperature alter the pitch of sound?

submitted by /u/jordanearth
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Is visible light damaging to your eyes and vision, or just UV?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 02:51 AM PST

I got some high-powered LED's which emit light within the visible spectrum, and I am wondering, can I do damage with these, or is it just light in the UV range which is actually dangerous?

submitted by /u/pragmojo
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How do chemists predict chemical compositions and their properties?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 02:43 AM PST

How do chemists predict how a chemical reaction or product will behave, I understand how and why molecules combine themselves in the structures they end up in (like H2O for example) I also understand things like the acidity, charge and reactivity of the different elements. But the thing I can't wrap my head around is how we know about the ways a certain molecule will behave, take for example table salt, it is composed of 2 individually dangerous elements but the molecule they produce in this case is completely harmless. So how do chemists predict how these compositions behave. I am a aspiring material / composite engineer (mostly self taught)

submitted by /u/Mandoart-Studios
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When an object moves within a fluid, is a vacuum created behind it as it moves?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 09:34 PM PST

Why a high dose of vitamin C pose risk for people with G6PD deficiency?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 02:45 AM PST

How would you find out what conditions are needed for a reaction to take place without experimenting physically?

Posted: 24 Jan 2022 08:09 AM PST

Sometimes reactions only take place above or below room temperature. Maybe it needs an inert gas to prevent oxidation, maybe electrolysis is needed but if I can't find any examples online or they don't go into detail, performing a reaction would be like playing darts in the dark. So how can I find what I need to do?

submitted by /u/C3H8_Memes
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When we hear about the temperature in weather forecasts, what temperature are they referring to? And how and where do they measure it and predict its future value?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 05:39 PM PST

Sunday, January 23, 2022

Why is the hazard/mortality ratio for HbA1c higher for the lowest levels? Is it explained primarily by a significant fraction of the ill population having high RBC turnover?

Why is the hazard/mortality ratio for HbA1c higher for the lowest levels? Is it explained primarily by a significant fraction of the ill population having high RBC turnover?


Why is the hazard/mortality ratio for HbA1c higher for the lowest levels? Is it explained primarily by a significant fraction of the ill population having high RBC turnover?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 08:25 AM PST

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKyif09lvMo. Risk of death is higher for 4.3/4.4 relative to 4.8.

(b/c high RBC turnover is an indication of something bad?) And what IS the percent of the population that has high RBC turnover?

Like, if you want to do a full analysis of variance of mortality as a function of HbA1c, you want to form a hierarchical model where you explain how variation of mortality explained by HbA1c is DIFFERENT between both high and low levels of HbA1c AND (through cohort matching) what percent of low HbA1c is due solely to high RBC turnover (high RBC turnover is presumably a bad thing).

[are there hierarchical linear models that compartmentalize variance between high levels and low levels of HbA1c?]

submitted by /u/inquilinekea
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On a neural level, how does a condition like depression cause worse cognition?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 07:45 AM PST

I keep reading that depression causes decreased executive function, difficulty thinking clearly, etc.

I'm just wondering what is happening when we create thoughts that something like depression can mess that up.

That would mean it has the power to change how someone fundamentally thinks but how? Does it inhibit certain cells from communicating such that a thought that a healthy person has, doesnt occur if the individual is depressed?

submitted by /u/ReadComprehensive920
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With all the covid tests going on are we getting any non-covid related data from the tests?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 03:54 PM PST

I would imagine all personally identifiable information(PII) would be stripped, but this would be a huge waste of an opportunity to do some other research if we didn't collect the data.

submitted by /u/LtMelon
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Could pregnancy possibly delay menopause?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 04:00 AM PST

So I have a question that there may not even be an answer to. I doubt there would be any scientific studies on this as there would be too many variables to be able to control the study. But I am curious about what other think.

But let me explain a little better what I mean before answering.

There are a few scientific facts first: 1. When a woman is born she already has all the eggs she will ever have. Women do not produce more so that's it. 2. When a woman is pregnant she (typically) will stop ovulating for the duration of the pregnancy, and may not start again for up to a year after giving birth.

So let's say a woman has 10 healthy to term pregnancies. We can average that out to 18m per pregnancy where she does not ovulate. Over those 10 pregnancies that adds up to 15 years of not ovulating.

So theoretically could that delay her from starting menopause for up to 15 years?

Also please don't come at me over this question. I am being genuine in my curiosity here and just wondering what others opinions might be. And by no means am I planning on having a whole heap of children to try and delay my own menopause. I have 3 children and that is enough for me. This is just a question.

submitted by /u/Top_Replacement_562
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Why do apples start to go bad around their cores?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 05:54 PM PST

Sometimes when you eat an apple you can see that either its core or around it is of a brownish color (not caused by exposing it, it was already that way when you bit into it or cut it), what causes that? Does ethylene accumulates there? Is that a thriving place for microbiota? If so, why?

submitted by /u/foobaca_
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What are the long term effects of a lactose intolerant person continuously consuming dairy throughout their life?

Posted: 22 Jan 2022 11:49 PM PST

Does it hurt the stomach lining? Does this person grow a tolerance to dairy? Do they die? Does nothing happen? I miss milk.

submitted by /u/theguyfromacrosstheb
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Throughout earth’s history, has the movement of tectonic plates caused the disappearance of any mountains or mountain ranges?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 02:07 AM PST

When we think about mountain formation, we tend to think about the processes that formed the mountains that exist as we see them today. I've never considered the mountains that may or may not have existed in the past until just a couple minutes ago. In my mind, it would just require a staggering amount of work to form a mountain and then un-form it, but then again the earth has been around for billions of years—plenty of time to get the job done.

submitted by /u/Skating_N_Music_Dude
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What does it mean for a dimension to be "curled up"?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 02:58 AM PST

Often, in theories purporting the existence of additional dimensions of space, those dimensions are said to be "curled up" in a tiny space. I can imagine there being additional "directions" of space, but I can't understand what it would even mean for a direction (which I assume dimensions are?) to be anything but, well, "straight" or "open". What does it mean for a dimension to be "curled up", compared to it being straight/open?

submitted by /u/Return_of_Hoppetar
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Are microscopes and telescopes the same thing?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 01:33 PM PST

Like, binoculars for instance. If I look one way it acts like a telescope. But would it double as a microscope looking at it with it flipped?

I was just wondering what the Hubble would see if we inverted it as a microscope instead of a telescope.

Not sure what I'm going for here other than I'm not sure where the end of space is and where the end of zooming into a atom stops.

submitted by /u/CandyOwn7649
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How is vanadium pentoxide produced?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 07:01 AM PST

I am trying to find the process, but Wikipedia didn't help.

submitted by /u/Noberalon
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In alternating current, how is electricity carried in one direction (from the power source to the electrical device) if the current is constantly changing direction?

Posted: 22 Jan 2022 08:43 PM PST

why does virus infection cause tiredness/exhaustion?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 10:20 AM PST

when the human body is infected by a virus, what is happening on a cellular level within the body that causes the extreme tiredness/exhaustion??

submitted by /u/idontbelievestuff1
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Has there been a comparison study for nutrition versus seriousness of physical impact of COVID-19?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 11:14 AM PST

Basically the title; does nutrition have an impact on how sick you get?

Have there been studies and if yes; A) where can I find them? B) is there a simple way of explaining those to the laymen like myself?

submitted by /u/Mr_Boombastick
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Are social chatbot good for human health?

Posted: 23 Jan 2022 07:14 AM PST

In the last months there was a ever encreasing amount of new social chat AIs which are marketed as a way for lonly people to have the social interaction they need. My question is are there any prooven problems with this aplication?

submitted by /u/PXG8Y
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If two streams of gas intersect, does friction occur there? And does that friction produce heat?

Posted: 22 Jan 2022 09:03 PM PST

And if so, is there minimum velocity differential for heat to be produced (for example, does every slight gust of wind generate some negligible heat along its borders at it interacts with air at a different velocity)?

submitted by /u/TonerLegend
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