| When a huge piece of ice calves off a glacier/ice sheet into the sea, once the initial ‘wave’ settles is the sea level rise around the world instant or does it take a long period of time to take effect? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 03:38 AM PST I hope this lengthy question makes sense. Essentially, I have always wondered whether sea levels around the world rise simultaneously when something large enters the ocean (e.g. an iceberg forms in Greenland and sea levels in the Pacific rise immediately once the initial wave caused by the falling ice settles), or whether it takes a period of days or even weeks for the effects of the sea level rise to be felt thousands of miles away. I'm aware this may sound like a dumb question but I have been unable to find any clear answers to this and I am genuinely curious. Edit: I should clarify, when I say instant, I don't mean it literally. I'm more meaning it as being a very rapid sea level rise rather than gradual/slow. submitted by /u/WhaleWhaleWhale95 [link] [comments] |
| What allows for the new omicron variant to be so much more successful in terms of effectively spreading in comparison to the previous variants? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 09:40 AM PST |
| Where does gut bacteria come from and how does it stay where it should be? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 07:02 AM PST My understanding Gut bacteria is single cell bacteria of foreign DNA, that interacts with the food we have chewed and broken down with stomach acid. It breaks down the food into more basic compounds that are easily absorbed into the walls of the intestines. The bacteria species are different at different points in the digestive system, each with their own roles and specialisms, where they distribute into the food, thrive, multiply, and potentially die out in the next phase of digestion. The questions Question 1: For a newborn baby (say), what is the origin of this bacteria if it is foreign, and how is it distributed in the digestive system by species where it needs to be? Question 2: If food is constantly passing through the intestine, how does the bacteria stay where it should? Are there shelters or locations where they harbour and multiply? Question 3: For someone with damaged digestive bacteria, what are the challenges in restoring the bacteria to these locations once lost (from heavy antibiotics, say)? submitted by /u/australianjalien [link] [comments] |
| How does the SARS 2 virus infect a cell via ACE2? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 01:13 AM PST This is something I've been wondering about for a while, ever since almost the beginning of this pandemic, actually. ACE2, as the name implies, is an angiotensin converting enzyme. Its purpose appears to be that it sits on (or well, in, but one part sticks out above and one below) the cell membrane so that when molecules of the aforementioned angiotensin happen by and join with the enzyme head sticking out of the cell, they have a piece cut, converting them from one form to another. Yet here's the thing. This protein also seems somehow to be able to serve as the entry point for the SARS 2 virus that causes COVID-19, when the much larger spike protein attaches to it. But that is very strange, because based on the "part description" above it seems to have nothing to do with transportation, yet apparently once the virus attaches there, the cell initiates an active transport process (endocytosis) in response that brings the virus in. Why, and how, does that happen? How can, and why would, a protein that is supposed to simply function as processing enzyme be able to do this "double duty" as a signal that something is to be brought from the outside of the cell to the inside? Is it that the virus's binding damages the protein or else causes it to malfunction in some way, and then the cell recognizes that damage and so tries to retrieve it for repair or replacement, and in doing so, the whole virus gets pulled in along with it? submitted by /u/Shimmy_Shai [link] [comments] |
| Do the viruses that cause the common cold leave lasting damage to any part of the body like covid variants do? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 11:30 AM PST |
| Why do Squids have circular pupils, yet, other cephalopods such as Octopus and Cuttle fish have wavy or rectangular pupils? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 06:37 AM PST I'm not sure if squids are the only cephalopods with circular pupils, but, they are the only ones I know of that do. Why is it that other cephalopods have wavy or rectangular pupils, but, squids don't? submitted by /u/Railman20 [link] [comments] |
| Is a single vertical propeller enough for full flight and control? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 08:26 AM PST I've seen a toy floating around my advertisements that looks like a small ball with a fan on the inside. You're supposed to be able to toss it and it will come back to you. It's called the fly orb. My question is though, is this single "propeller" enough to give this toy full flight capabilities (ex. up, down, left, right, etc)? OR is it not able to fly and control itself alone due to their only being one propeller and that's the reason why the toy is advertised to just return to your hand. Edit1: Could also ask in this way, is a single vertical propeller enough to create a drone? I am asking this here because 1. I am no scientist and 2. I have no idea how to look that up because the search terms are just too long. Hopefully the question makes sense, thank you! Edit2: Thanks for the fantastic responses! For future reference the short answer is no, one propeller is not enough for quadcopter like flight. The replies below explain further. Edit3: Thanks again for the great responses. So the answer above is not totally wrong, however it should be noted that single prop. copters utilize multiple stabilization techniques to achieve flight. Links are provided by the wonderfully smart posters below! submitted by /u/boo_ey [link] [comments] |
| How do T-cells learn not to attack food antigens and everything exogenous? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 12:40 PM PST If our thymus teaches our T-cells not to react to our body antigens, how do they learn not to attack everything else that is harmless? I guess there must be many T-cells that are reactive to any food antigen possible, and these are not coded in our DNA, so how come we are not allergic to every food possible and have so few allergies? I heard in childhood we learn to tolerate many antigens, but does that mean I should be allergic to some exotic fruit if I first tasted it in adulthood? Thank you for explaining submitted by /u/WendetaWasp [link] [comments] |
| Can you pass antibodies through saliva? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 12:19 PM PST |
| Are all trajectories in a two body system elliptical on a large enough scale? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 11:32 AM PST Let's say nothing in the universe exists except Voyager and the solar system. Voyager is very much not considered in orbit around the solar system, but my intuition says that two body systems are either in orbit about a common point, or are on a collision course on large enough time scales (ignoring dark energy). Are parabolic and hyperbolic trajectories all eventually elliptical? submitted by /u/VincyThePrincy [link] [comments] |
| Where do the electrons go when my phone battery drains really fast when it’s cold? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 08:59 AM PST |
| Is there any research on the odds of omicron infection after a Delta infection vs no prior infection? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 06:24 AM PST |
| What do binding antibody units actually represent differently to the antibody units? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 12:12 PM PST So antibody units respresent the concentration of antibodies but then does the binding antibody units represent how effectively they can bind onto covid? Or is it something else entirely submitted by /u/insufficientbeans [link] [comments] |
| Once you’re fully immunized to a virus with any vaccine (flu vaccine, anti rabies, etc.) how long does it take for your body to kill the virus when you get exposed to it again? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 06:38 PM PST |
| Are there practical differences in mitochondrial DNA? Posted: 03 Jan 2022 03:20 AM PST Everyone knows that mitochondrial DNA is independent of the rest of an organism's DNA, and inherited solely from the mother. But are certain lines of mitochondrial DNA "better" than others? Just as some organisms have an evolutionary advantage over others due to to their genetic makeup, are there any mitochondria lines that are perhaps more "efficient" than others, leading to a survival advantage of the organisms carrying them? Or perhaps are some worse, leading to an evolutionary disadvantage that is overcome by other factors that organisms with seemingly "inferior" mitochondrial DNA are correlated with? Or is there no correlation whatsoever as far as we can tell, or for that matter not any noticeable difference between mitochondrial lines? submitted by /u/losangelesvideoguy [link] [comments] |
| When cosmologists talk about negative curvature & a closed universe implying you can move in a straight line & return to the same point, do they really just mean at the big crunch? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 10:32 AM PST My confusion comes from so many explanations switching between talking about curved space (as in gravitational lensing), & curved space-time (as an explanation for why objects fall in that they simply stay put & move through their local notion of time). It made me wonder if the claim that space being curved negatively -> parallel-lines-meeting is actually talking about space-time, and in a way that trivially just means that space will collapse. If so I don't think any layperson gets that impression from the description. (so hopefully I'm mistaken and it literally means purley spatial lines meeting as 2-d parallel lines may on a 3-d globe, in a universe that a human body could survive. I gather it could mean that, but if it also could just mean a big crunch, that's far less interesting). edit: responding to a confused question I realized I should have written positive curvature, as that's the condition for both a big-crunch & moving in a straight-line & returning to the same point. submitted by /u/rudster [link] [comments] |
| Are there tests if major organs to see the extent if any of the damage froma COVID-19 infection? Could you see the increase in damage from one infection to another? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 07:32 PM PST Just what's in the title. I keep hearing it COVID-19 causing organ damage after server infections so I was wondering if there were specific heart or lung tests you can take after each infection to monitor the progress of any COVID related damage? submitted by /u/HerbalTeaSimping [link] [comments] |
| NASA just made a sonication of the Eskimo nebula. How does that work? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 08:40 AM PST |
| How do we know quetzalcoatlus could fly? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 07:23 PM PST Or as another thought, if we had nothing other than fossilized remains of a modern chicken, how would we deduce it is flightless? submitted by /u/NoOne0507 [link] [comments] |
| Have we accurately mapped Earth's inner core? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 07:30 PM PST |
| How are single-celled organisms isolated? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 08:31 AM PST I'm an amateur brewer/fermenter/food experimenter and I've been wondering how organisms like yeast or koji are isolated so that they can be sold as starter cultures. submitted by /u/shosuroyokaze [link] [comments] |
| Cold and COVID At The Same Time? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 12:50 PM PST This was discussed on r/askscience close to a year ago, but with the rapidly changing landscape, I am curious to see what observations have been made. At the time, it seemed like there was some data that the cold may actually help prevent a COVID infection. This was pre-Omicron, and pre-delta dominance. Has any more data been established? submitted by /u/alexohno [link] [comments] |
| Does excitation of an electron cause light to be emitted? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 05:11 AM PST I am 16yr old student who is studying physics and seeking further information about this topic. It is my understanding that electromagnetic waves can be produced when an electron de-excites, it loses energy which is emitted as light. However, I read online that electromagnetic radiation is caused by a disturbance in electric field which causes a disturbance in the perpendicular magnetic field etc. If this is the case then why doesn't excitation cause a photon to be emitted? The electron is moving to an excited state, wouldn't this cause a disturbance in the electric field? However, when the electron is excited, it gains energy so I don't think it would emit a photon. I am probably misunderstanding these concepts and I would appreciate any explanation. Thank you submitted by /u/epicman22 [link] [comments] |
| Why are heavy metals bad for the body? Posted: 02 Jan 2022 07:49 PM PST I know what heavy metal poisoning is and that it's bad, but I can't find a clear answer on why it's bad. What does it actually do? submitted by /u/HubrisPersonified [link] [comments] |
