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Would suction cups not work in a vacuum?

Would suction cups not work in a vacuum?


Would suction cups not work in a vacuum?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 01:44 PM PST

I was thinking about how if you suck all the air out of a sealed plastic bag, like a beach ball, it's nearly impossible to pull it apart so that there is a gap between the insides of the plastic. This got me wondering, is this the same phenomenon that allows suction cups to stick to surfaces? And then I got to thinking, is all that force being generated exclusively by atmospheric pressure? In a vacuum, would I be able to easily manipulate a depleted beach ball back into a rough ball shape or pull a suction cup off of a surface, or is there another force at work? It just seems incredible that standard atmospheric pressure alone could exert that much force.

submitted by /u/scarletice
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Since viruses cannot create energy, how do they physically infect a cell?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 02:27 PM PST

I would imagine there must be some mechanism that actually gets the virus inside the cell. They can't produce energy, so how do they actually get in the cell?

submitted by /u/TheBoredIndividual
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Mix and match additional primary shot?

Posted: 01 Jan 2022 05:28 AM PST

Why does the CDC recommend that an additional primary shot should be the same as the first two doses?

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/immuno.html

submitted by /u/Nathan-NL
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Is it possible for vacuum chambers to have a temperature, and if so, why?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 07:45 AM PST

Sorry if this is a dumb question, but this has kind of stumped me for a while. In my understanding of heat/temperature, it is the amount of energy particles have, but if there is a lack of particles, how could temperature exist in a vacuum chamber?

Edit: thanks for the answers everyone!

submitted by /u/Ya_Skinny_Homie
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Are there other cell entry mechanisms for COVID19 besides ACE2 receptor?

Posted: 01 Jan 2022 12:45 AM PST

ACE2 is the known entry mechanism. Have any other mechanisms been found or proposed? If you have decent articles on the subject, please link. If the article has paywall, please link reference.

submitted by /u/england_man
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How does James Webb Space Telescope's halo orbit around L2 work?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 06:03 AM PST

I know that JWST won't be orbiting around any specific body in L2, so what causes it to keep in that orbit?

submitted by /u/UnheardIdentity
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In reference to an "intracellular redox state," what exactly is reduced or oxidized?

Posted: 01 Jan 2022 08:18 AM PST

I am reading about the effects of oxidation state in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor-alpha based on the redox state at the time of TNF exposure. oligodendrocytes that are more intracellularly reduced are more resistant to TNF effects as compared to more oxidized cells during a similar exposure. What is reduced or oxidized intracellularly to create the overall redox state? I think I have overlooked something in my understanding of cell bio. Is this simple the greater or lesser presence of reactive oxygen species intracellularly?

submitted by /u/Act_Appalled
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What color would radon glow in a gas-discharge lamp?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 02:38 AM PST

This has been asked here before, but I've not yet seen a satisfactory answer...so here it goes again:

What color would radon glow in a gas-discharge lamp? (I'm aware of the practical difficulty in setting up a real-world radon gas-discharge lamp). I have a small project in which I'm using colored pigments to represent the gas-discharge colors for the noble gases found in nature (i.e. the known noble gasses excluding oganesson), so I'm using pink for helium, orange-red for neon, etc., and I'm looking for a reasonable color to use for radon. For this project the radon color doesn't have to be a perfect match for a hypothetical real-world discharge lamp, I just need a *reasonable* color. Thanks for the suggestions!

submitted by /u/tubuliferous
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How much can eating, drinking, or smoking affect a covid test (antigen, moleculer, and or PCR)?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 10:04 PM PST

Does Omicron procure a good immunity against "older" variants ?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 01:11 AM PST

Omicron seems to be different enough from older variants to more easily bypass the vaccine that have been developped against them.

And, I'm earing some experts thinking that Omicron could a good thing (if it really is mild enough) to reach some kind of herd immunity.

But, I suppose this would only work if an Omicron infection offer good protection against other variants, which seem counter intuitive with the fact it bypass vaccine for those variants.

submitted by /u/ouvreboite
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Do we know of any non-crown group amniotes?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 07:47 AM PST

Are palaeontologists aware of any amniote groups besides synapsids and sauropsida? Is there any palaeontological discussion on if such animals have existed?

The few I see described are only known from a single fossil with uncertain affinity except this study which claims diadectomorphs and seymouriamorphs were amniotes.

submitted by /u/sille321
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Why do biologists distinguish between odd-toed and even-toed ungulates?

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 12:20 AM PST

What makes this distinction useful? If it has to do with ancestry, why did these animals keep odd or even numbers of toes? Is there an evolutionary pressure to lose/gain toes in pairs?

submitted by /u/Jop_pop_
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What is the hormonal function of steroids which differentiates them from other types of hormones such as peptides or eicosanoids?

Posted: 30 Dec 2021 10:34 PM PST

Steroidal hormones such as testosterone or cortisol as described as "hormones" and "signalling agents" of the body. Yet that's a category that's covered as well by neurotransmitters (responsible for signalling) and insulin (a peptide that also a signalling agent, and a hormone).

So what's the function of a hormone which makes it "steroidal" as opposed to other hormones like insulin?

submitted by /u/BigBootyBear
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There have been 7 earthquakes in South Carolina since Tuesday. All were centered near the same town. How often does something like this happen (not just in SC but globally?) When it does, how often does it turn out that the cluster of small earthquakes were foreshocks for a big earthquake?

Posted: 30 Dec 2021 05:58 PM PST

10 Most Recent Earthquakes (in South Carolina) Date: 12/30/2021 Magnitude: 2.41 Depth (km): 3.78 Date: 12/30/2021 Magnitude: 2.51 Depth (km): 2.51 Date: 12/29/2021 Magnitude: 2.29 Depth (km): 1.57 Date: 12/27/2021 Magnitude: 1.74 Depth (km): 4.89 Date: 12/27/2021 Magnitude: 2.13 Depth (km): 0.74 Date: 12/27/2021 Magnitude: 2.52 Depth (km): 2.4 Date: 12/27/2021 Magnitude: 3.3 Depth (km): 3.16 Date: 12/20/2021 Magnitude: 1.13 Depth (km): 2.75 Date: 12/5/2021 Magnitude: 2.25 Depth (km): 0.09 Date: 11/27/2021 Magnitude: 1.88 Depth (km): 1.98 

Source: https://www.dnr.sc.gov/geology/recent-earthquakes.html

submitted by /u/simAlity
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Serious Question: what fills the void of the scrotum?

Posted: 30 Dec 2021 04:13 PM PST

I've yet to get a good answer to this.

Best I can come up with is that it is mostly "vacuum sealed" with some interstitial fluid and lymph. Is this accurate?

So is it fluid? Is there air in there? A bit of both?

submitted by /u/smasoya
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