Pages

Saturday, April 3, 2021

Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus?

Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus?

Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 10:45 PM PDT

When I forget my reading glasses and need to read small print I can curl up my forefinger (like making a fist, but only my forefinger) tight enough to leave only a tiny pinhole in the center of my curled finger. If I look through that tiny hole by putting the finger very close to my eye this makes the print come into focus.

Why? How does this work?

submitted by /u/Zamboniman
[link] [comments]

After an intramuscular vaccination, why does the whole muscle hurt rather than just the tissue around the injection site?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:33 AM PDT

Is there a timeline of when certain symptoms appear for SARS-CoV-2?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 10:29 AM PDT

Either my google-fu is severely lacking or I am simply unable to find what I am looking for exactly. Any help finding proper scientific sources would be extremely helpful. If this is the wrong place for this, please direct me to a better one.

I am trying to find out if there is a general timeline, with sources and citations, on approximately when symptoms appear in those effected with SARS-CoV-2. For instance do people generally lose taste and smell day one or day 6? At what point would they have difficulty breathing?etc

Most of what I have found is either lacking sources or proper sources(citing reddit threads or political news articles doesn't count for instance), based off of anecdotal evidence or lacking a usable sample size(>100 people isn't a good sample size for this).

With the amount of funding, spread, concern and time SARS-CoV-2 has been around, I would have figured there would be at least some data out in the world that I could find.

submitted by /u/BloodLictor
[link] [comments]

What is the mechanism behind the theory that Uranus' tilt was caused by an impact?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 09:21 AM PDT

The current theory as to how Uranus tilted is that it was hit by a large object that caused a drastic change in its orientation. This has always puzzled me. I would think that being a large ball of gas, an "impact" would be different from that of a solid planet, that there's nothing there to hit and it would simply plunge into a cloud of gas. Does gas at that mass behave differently? Is the impacting object so large that it doesn't matter what it's interacting with? Or am I just fundamentally misunderstanding some basic aspect of physics/fluid dynamics?

submitted by /u/BoardfShadowyFigures
[link] [comments]

mRNA vaccines are in development to treat cancer. How does this differ from “traditional” cancer immunotherapy?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 10:57 AM PDT

mRNA cancer vaccines sound incredibly promising—create a personalized vaccine that programs your immune system to target the mutated proteins of your cancer and destroy it.

But immunotherapies are already in use for cancer treatment. How do mRNA cancer vaccines differ from/improve on existing immunotherapy?

submitted by /u/djiivu
[link] [comments]

Why do countries like India not have the annual flu vaccine that seems to be so common in the USA?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 01:23 PM PDT

Indian here and I have never taken or heard about the flu vaccine being given in india. We have a really huge vaccination programme otherwise. Is this because the virus is only prevalent in some countries?

submitted by /u/bezwoman
[link] [comments]

Galaxy formation: Do we see proto-galaxies at the edge of the observable universe?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:19 AM PDT

I understand that the formation process of galaxies isn't terribly well understood. From what I have read, galaxies including the Milky Way formed pretty soon after the Big Bang (13-14 billion yrs ago), so - shouldn't we be able to have a peek at galaxies in the making when we look far enough out into space? As far as I know we already observe galaxies 13 BLY away. Are these in any way more "primordial" than our own Milky Way?

submitted by /u/Schanzenraute
[link] [comments]

If HIV only attacks the immune system, wouldnt it possible to put a person who got infected into a sterile room and completely supress their immune system or atleast the cells that HIV targets and wait for the RNA to die off?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 10:39 AM PDT

By a person I mean someone who knows they have possibly been infected instantly, for example, a nurse who was taking care of a person with HIV and some other complication who coughed blood into their mouth and eyes. IDK im just a high schooler.

submitted by /u/Miraster
[link] [comments]

Why is the Astrazeneca vaccine approved for 60 and older in many countries? How does age affect the formation of these rare blood clots?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 06:21 AM PDT

If a morbidly obese person changes their lifestyle and gets down to a healthy weight, can the damage done to their body by obesity be fully reversed?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:31 AM PDT

Working on the assumption that they don't have any specific illnesses like diabetes or heart disease, but just the general effects of years of excess weight. For example, can the accumulated fat around their organs and in their arteries be lost along with their external fat? Is there a level of joint damage that could be reversed or is that generally permanent?

submitted by /u/Arabella-miller
[link] [comments]

Did cancer become more common in 1970s or what accounts for its rise in literature during this time?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:03 AM PDT

I was looking at Google's Ngram Viewer and it seems like there was big increase in the mentioning of cancer in literature in the 1970s. What could be some possible reasons for the term to gain popularity during that time?

https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=cancer&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccancer%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Ccancer%3B%2Cc0

submitted by /u/goflowflow
[link] [comments]

When both chromosomes have the dominant gene, does one copy need to be silenced?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:13 AM PDT

My understanding is that in females, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated so the body does not receive a "double dose" of the proteins encoded by the X chromosome genes. Is there any equivalent process for dominant genes on other chromosomes? I know that the "Punnett square" view of genetics is not always accurate, but for cases where there is no phenotypic difference between 1 and 2 copies of the dominant gene, does the extra copy need to be inactivated somehow?

submitted by /u/DustinBraddock
[link] [comments]

Can you transplant a transplanted kidney?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 10:00 PM PDT

If person A donates a kidney to person B, and person B dies in a car crash a year later, can person B donate their kidney to a person C?

submitted by /u/SUBLALBUS
[link] [comments]

How do marine mammals not just constantly have pneumonia?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 12:48 PM PDT

Especially whales......they must have some way of combating a regular flow of water into their lungs. It seems that every time they use their blow hole some water would drip in and make its way to the lungs eventually. I would think that sea water has got to be capable of delivering a steady flow of bacteria too. Is that the case or are they just not affected by fluid in their lungs?

submitted by /u/FordMasterTech
[link] [comments]

How do zoologists and the people who make nature documentaries stay safe from the animals they are observing?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 07:36 AM PDT

Does our heart rate increase the same amount in a nightmare as it would if the same situation happened in our waking life - or do we experience a greater level of physiological fear in our waking life?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 07:06 AM PDT

The other night I was having a nightmare - terrible creatures about to eat us alive. I remember just being in terror during the dream. And when the danger was over, I told my friend I was still really scared.

When I woke and thought of the dream, it made me wonder, if I had faced that same scenario in real life, would I have been even more scared (in the physiological sense - fight or flight, raised heart rate, etc.)?

Are there any papers that dive into it? I'm looking on Google Scholar and I'm not seeing any comparisons yet of - I don't know how to phrase it but - degree of fear in dreams vs. waking life.

It kind of goes back to that If you die in your dreams do you die for real (which I know is not true) but the theory was that your physiological systems process the event as if it were a reality and then you'd have cardiac arrest or whatever. Kind of like the scenes in the Matrix where if you were killed in the Matrix you died for real.

​

Thanks.

submitted by /u/cassiopeia1131
[link] [comments]

How do chemicals like lye break down hair?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:11 AM PDT

I know that there are some drain cleaners that you can put down the bathroom sink to unclog it. From what I've collected, it breaks down hair and the main chemical doing this is sodium hydroxide.

Can someone explain the chemical reaction going on?

submitted by /u/viverries
[link] [comments]

What are the actual differences between the Johnson&Johnson and AstraZeneca shots? What qualities differentiate them as adenovirus DNA vaccines?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 09:55 AM PDT

Why do breeds of domestic house cats not exist?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 03:45 PM PDT
vào lúc No comments:

Friday, April 2, 2021

What are the actual differences between the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine? What qualities differentiates them as MRNA vaccines?

What are the actual differences between the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine? What qualities differentiates them as MRNA vaccines?

What are the actual differences between the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine? What qualities differentiates them as MRNA vaccines?

Posted:

Scientifically, what are the differences between them in terms of how the function, what's in them if they're both MRNA vaccines?

submitted by /u/honeycall
[link] [comments]

Does more exposure to a virus make you sicker?

Posted:

A few months ago, there was a meme about how all of the COVID virus in the world would be able to fit into a tablespoon, and the meme was about someone eating it (very silly, yes). But that got me thinking about what would happen if that was possible. Does more exposure to a virus cause you to get sicker, or would the immune response be the same? Maybe as a side question, would the person from the meme (assuming they were healthy and wouldn't have died from COVID normally) have died from that much exposure?

submitted by /u/tac0b3lld3bat3
[link] [comments]

NASA's Perseverance battery technology (mini nuclear reactor) said to last up to 14 years. Could same technology be used in electric vehicles?

Posted:

Hello, sorry if it's a stupid question but I'm really curious. I saw some article about how Perseverance is powered and it's really interesting. I understand that a car might require a bigger reactor but still, would it be possible to have it charge the vehicle's batteries as you go? If it would be possible, would it actually be a better option that having to charge every few hundred miles?

submitted by /u/Honestless
[link] [comments]

How do you quantify relative amounts of DNA?

Posted:

I was recently reminded of an article where a lab in Canada claimed that around ~50% of subway chicken is actually soy. They claimed that quantification was done but amplifying DNA with PCR. I have a background in biology, neuroscience, micro biology, molecular bio. How do you use PCR to calculate these percentages?https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/subway-defends-its-chicken-after-cbc-marketplace-report-1.4005268

submitted by /u/Sometimesyoudie
[link] [comments]

Is it possible to generate what we picture in our brain based on purely by the recorded brain signals?

Posted:

Lets say, hypothetically, we show a picture of a cat. then let the subject picture the cat in their 'minds' and we take the brain signals as data set. Repeat it thousands of time, then we have a feasible data set to feed into an AI to figure out what brain signal correlates to what is imaged.
Is this possible or is it not how visual brain signals work? if so, how does visual brain signals actually work? and why would not it work?

submitted by /u/aAnonymX06
[link] [comments]

Would it be beneficial or harmful to get more than two doses of the Pfizer or Modern COVID-19 vaccine?

Posted:

If the purpose of two shots is to increase the efficacy and long term staying power of the antibodies, then could you theoretically get as many vaccine doses as you wanted? Would this be helpful for protecting from COVID? Would it be harmful? Is there a diminishing return after a certain point?

submitted by /u/thehenrylong
[link] [comments]

Why is a vaccine the best way to keep polio at bay? If it's spread through fecal matter, shouldn't our sanitation system be adequate to prevent outbreaks?

Posted:

I was reading about poliovirus because I didn't really know anything about it beyond its prevalence in the early half of the 20th century and it paralytic effects (it's super worth reading up on if anyone is in the same boat). I was surprised to learn that the poliovirus is mainly transmitted through a fecal-oral route, and that improved sanitation systems actually led to the serious outbreaks in the US and Europe because people weren't getting exposed as much and thus hadn't built immunity. I read an interview with a polio historian guy who was saying how important it is to continue to fight polio in the 3 countries it's still endemic in to keep it from spreading. He also talked about the dangers of the rise in vaccine skepticism as, if our vaccinated levels drop here in the US for example, it could open the door to polio outbreaks in the future. Really? Is there like an acceptable amount of fecal matter in our drinking water, I wondered. But no, according to current guidelines " For every 100 mL of drinking water tested, no total coliforms or E. coli should be detected." Obviously, let's just keep up with our routine immunizations, but is it possible for polio to spread under our current water systems in the US as well as other developed nations?

submitted by /u/Non_Special
[link] [comments]

Do animals discriminate based on appearance?

Posted:

We all know that animals sometimes use physical features to chose a mate, a song, colors, a dance. But, outside of mating, do animals discriminate based on appearance? We see interesting pictures here on Reddit every day, the albino giraffe, the turtle that has somehow survived the shark attack, though is greatly scarred. . . do these animals face any ramifications in their social interactions with others of their species? "You look different, so you are not allowed to be part of our pack" type thing?

submitted by /u/RussellZoloft
[link] [comments]

Do Hermit Crabs Grow The Shells They Live In?

Posted:

If hermit crabs exchange shells when they grow too large for their current one, what is growing the shells in the first place? Is it another species of crustacean that dies off and the hermit crabs inhabit the homes? Or do the shells grow with the hermit crabs for a time before they seek a larger one?

submitted by /u/danotech4
[link] [comments]

How does a plants roots absorb the nutrients from the ground?

Posted:

vào lúc No comments:

Thursday, April 1, 2021

Many of us haven’t been sick in over a year due to lack of exposure to germs (COVID stay at home etc). Does this create any risk for our immune systems in the coming years?

Many of us haven’t been sick in over a year due to lack of exposure to germs (COVID stay at home etc). Does this create any risk for our immune systems in the coming years?

Many of us haven’t been sick in over a year due to lack of exposure to germs (COVID stay at home etc). Does this create any risk for our immune systems in the coming years?

Posted:

Why vaccine dosages are not related to body weight?

Posted:

Last Sunday i finally got my first Astrazeneca shot, it went very smooth, almost no side effects, but many of my fellow university students that also got it complained about some pretty harsh stuff, some of them have been sick for as long as 5 days.

One thing i noticed though is that apparently women suffered the most, and i wondered could body weight play a difference?

I weigh a little more than 100 kg, and most of the women i know that suffered side effects weigh from 55 to 65 kg. So since the dosage is the same, could it be more potent the smaller the body weight? I mean, usually medications are dosed based on body weight, why vaccines aren't?

submitted by /u/DrLimp
[link] [comments]

For an mRNA vaccine with a viral vector (such as the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine) how exactly do they remove the virus' native genetic material and get the desired RNA inside it?

Posted:

What, if any, are the longterm effects of hypothermia and frostbite?

Posted:

While I have found plenty of results about short-term damage like swelling and necrotic tissue, I can't find anything regarding long-term damage that could arise, like skin damage or cracked skin.

Yet, media will sometimes leave patches of blue skin on hypothermia survivors. Is this just a fictional trope?

submitted by /u/ECarnival
[link] [comments]

“Every outcome has a 50% chance of happening.” — Is there an explanation to why this is or isn’t a true statement? Is this a paradox?

Posted:

Q: There are three marbles in a jar: red, yellow, and green. What are the chances you pull out the red marble?

A: 50%. You either do or do not pull out the red marble.

Q: You're swimming in the ocean. What are the chances you get eaten by a shark?

A: 50%. You either do or do not get eaten by a shark.

Q: What are the chances the Sun burns out tomorrow?

A: 50%. The Sun either does or does not burn out tomorrow.

Are these statements true? If they are false, why? Is there a difference between determining whether they are true or false by using math vs logic? Is this a paradox?

submitted by /u/InevitablyWritten
[link] [comments]

Will a person have already produced covid antibodies 24 hours after their first vaccine?

Posted:

Why are patients given the same amount of vaccine/medicine regardless of their weight?

Posted:

Wouldn't it make sense to give smaller people less medicine than bigger ones?

submitted by /u/karlheinzweidrei
[link] [comments]

Are EM waves limited to a single 2D plane?

Posted:

Are all EM waves 2 dimensional? In textbooks you usually only see a 2d representation. Do waves oscillate left and right and up and down? Are they more like spirals? Is the plane fixed? What determines the plane in the first place?

submitted by /u/zakalewes
[link] [comments]

If you donate blood 24 hours after getting a covid vaccine should that affect the level of immunity you acquire at all?

Posted:

Individuals in the Southern Hemisphere may be taking the standard flu vaccine currently, is there a waiting period for the covid shot before they can take it?

Posted:

For example in the Southern Hemisphere.. if full public roll out has not occurred yet and the essential workers are getting vaccinated currently. Some individuals at risk may take the normal flu shot (for flu protection, not for covid itself obviously).. Is there a waiting period before they could possibly take the covid-19 vaccine? Just curious.

Edit: word stuff

submitted by /u/Weep2D2
[link] [comments]

How do common, chronically administered antivirals, such as acyclovir, not interfere with the efficacy of viral vector vaccines? Is it the mechanism/specificity of the antiviral, the behavior of the viral vector, or a combination of both?

Posted:

can you get covid from a misquito bite?

Posted:

What is the state of science on wastewater viral load tests for COVID and their relationship to positive PCR test results? Specifically interested in latency between symptomatic and infectious stages and sample collection dates.

Posted:

Hi all, long time reader, 1st time asker.

Companies like Biobot offer sewage testing options for determining viral concentration per unit volume, accounting for total flow volume in a system and determining the number of possible cases expected a result. While that specific claim doesn't seem to be terribly robust, viral load data does appear to have some relevant value in establishing other metrics for epidemiological surveillance. Are there any useful, relevant or especially noteworthy studies that help establish what specific information can be inferred from sewage testing? Or, more ideally, something written for a non specialist (IANAB) with a current state of the art on this subject. I've tagged this COVID as I thought it most relevant, but if there are non-COVID studies related to this subject, I would also be interested in those.

I apologize if this is a bit vague.

submitted by /u/supercalifragilism
[link] [comments]

What actually happens in your throat when it gets sore from shouting or speaking loudly too much?

Posted:

So when you shout cause of high background noise like a gig or around machinery your throat gets a tickle in it after a while. Whats happening here?

submitted by /u/bastardisedmouseman
[link] [comments]

What's the 'strong adjuvant' in "mRNA vaccines take on immune tolerance"?

Posted:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-021-00880-0

This looks like a very promising bit of technology but (from my lay point of view) it glosses over the most important part: the adjuvant used. If I'm reading it right, if you deliver the immunization without the adjuvant, the immune response increases; with the adjuvant, it suppresses. So the exact nature of the adjuvant seems kinda important.

submitted by /u/yerfdogyrag
[link] [comments]
vào lúc No comments:

Wednesday, March 31, 2021

Scientists created a “radioactive powered diamond battery” that can last up to 28,000 years. What is actually going on here?

Scientists created a “radioactive powered diamond battery” that can last up to 28,000 years. What is actually going on here?

Scientists created a “radioactive powered diamond battery” that can last up to 28,000 years. What is actually going on here?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 01:50 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We are the Molecular Programming Society. We are part of an emerging field of researchers who design molecules like DNA and RNA to compute, make decisions, self-assemble, move autonomously, diagnose disease, deliver therapeutics, and more! Ask us anything!

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 04:00 AM PDT

We are the Molecular Programming Society, an international grassroots team of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs, who are programming the behavior of physical matter.

We build liquid computers that run on chemistry, instead of electricity. Using these chemical computers, we program non-biological matter to grow, heal, adapt, communicate with the surrounding environment, replicate, and disassemble.

The same switches that make up your laptops and cell phones can be implemented as chemical reactions [1]. In electronics, information is encoded as high or low voltages of electricity. In our chemical computers, information is encoded as high or low concentrations of molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, and other chemicals). By designing how these components bind to each other, we can program molecules to calculate square roots [2], implement neural networks that recognize human handwriting [3], and play a game of tic-tac-toe [4]. Chemical computers are slow, expensive, error prone, and take incredible effort to program... but they have one key advantage that makes them particularly exciting:

The outputs of chemical computers are molecules, which can directly bind to and rearrange physical matter.

Broad libraries of interfaces exist [5] that allow chemical computers to control the growth and reconfiguration of nanostructures, actuate soft robotics up to the centimeter scale, regulate drug release, grow metal wires, and direct tissue growth. Similar interfaces allow chemical computers to sense environmental stimuli as inputs, including chemical concentrations, pressure, light, heat, and electrical signals.

In the near future, chemical computers will enable humans to control matter through programming languages, instead of top-down brute force. Intelligent medicines will monitor the human body for disease markers and deliver custom therapeutics on demand. DNA-based computers will archive the internet for ultra-long term storage. In the more distant future, we can imagine programming airplane wings to detect and heal damage, cellphones to rearrange and update their hardware at the push of a button, and skyscrapers that grow up from seeds planted in the earth.

Currently our society is drafting a textbook called The Art of Molecular Programming, which will elucidate the principles of molecular programming and hopefully inspire more people (you!) to help us spark this second computer revolution.

We'll start at 1pm EDT (17 UT). Ask us anything!

Links and references:

Our grassroots team (website, [email](hello@molecularprogrammers.org), twitter) includes members who work at Aalto University, Brown, Cambridge, Caltech, Columbia, Harvard, Nanovery, NIST, National Taiwan University, Newcastle University, North Carolina A&T State University, Technical University of Munich, University of Malta, University of Edinburgh, UC Berkeley, UCLA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UT Austin, University of Vienna, and University of Washington. Collectively, our society members have published over 900 peer-reviewed papers on topics related to molecular programming.

Some of our Google Scholar profiles:

Referenced literature:

[1] Seelig, Georg, et al. "Enzyme-free nucleic acid logic circuits." science 314.5805 (2006): 1585-1588. [2] Qian, Lulu, and Erik Winfree. "Scaling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand displacement cascades." Science 332.6034 (2011): 1196-1201. [3] Cherry, Kevin M., and Lulu Qian. "Scaling up molecular pattern recognition with DNA-based winner-take-all neural networks." Nature 559.7714 (2018): 370-376. [4] Stojanovic, Milan N., and Darko Stefanovic. "A deoxyribozyme-based molecular automaton." Nature biotechnology 21.9 (2003): 1069-1074. [5] Scalise, Dominic, and Rebecca Schulman. "Controlling matter at the molecular scale with DNA circuits." Annual review of biomedical engineering 21 (2019): 469-493.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
[link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 07:00 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
[link] [comments]

How do we know the false positive rate of various covid-19 tests?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 06:39 AM PDT

As far as I understand, covid-19 is diagnosed exclusively on the basis of a positive covid-19 test, regardless of the presentation of symptoms or lack thereof. Given that, how could we know if a test is a false positive? To be clear, this isn't a skeptics post since I have read about false positive tests and how some testing forms are more or less likely to produce false positives, so I know that they understand how many are false positives, but I don't understand how they determine that. Is one type of testing considered definitive while others are less so?

submitted by /u/sonjat1
[link] [comments]

Does the ISS just dump its airlock air?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 12:32 AM PDT

Does the ISS just dump its airlock air or do they in some way recycle the evacuated air of the QUEST-Airlock module? I could not find any information on that.

submitted by /u/ProxximaCentauri
[link] [comments]

What’s the difference between PLLA and L-PLA (PLA means polylactic acid)?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 06:48 AM PDT

I know it has something to do with isomers, but I found nothing explaining it.

submitted by /u/anibal_dagod
[link] [comments]

How do the lipid nanoparticles used in mRNA vaccines get inside cells?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 08:01 AM PDT

How do the lipid nanoparticles that contain the mRNA used to create the spike proteins get inside cells once injected?

It is my understanding that cells don't just allow any old molecule to cross the membrane so what allows these lipids to cross. Compared to viral vector vaccines where this makes sense I have a lack of understanding around these particles.

submitted by /u/Tomfoster1
[link] [comments]

Is iterative vaccination possible, using the same vaccine or a different brand made for the same disease?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 08:51 AM PDT

Say you vaccinate a population and 90% are protected, could you do antibody tests to find the 10%. Then re-vaccinate those people? Say everyone gets the Pfizer vaccine, then those not protected gets the astra zenica vaccine. Would the second round have any effect? And if it does is it worthwhile?

submitted by /u/pebble666
[link] [comments]

Recent studies among vaccine makers are looking at administering the COVID vaccine to children. What are the differences (if any) between a vaccine given to an adult, as opposed to a child?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 06:12 AM PDT

I imagine this varies by vaccine type and how the bodies registers the immune response, which means the way they change the Pfizer vaccine is different from AstraZeneca? And so forth.

Also assuming this does not strictly relate to the COVID vaccines, although i would think it's the most relevant example.

submitted by /u/TheAbsentMindedCoder
[link] [comments]

If the Initial Singularity had all mass and space-time in it for a long, long time before the Big Bang, why hasn't protons decayed yet?

Posted: 31 Mar 2021 01:11 AM PDT

As time goes, well. Forever, why hasn't protons disappeared by decay yet?

Proton decay is still unproven but this a question I couldn't answer myself.

​

submitted by /u/3vro5
[link] [comments]

Why was the 2009 H1N1 pandemic less deadly than the H1N1 pandemic in 1918? Was it a less dangerous disease, or did we just have better medicine?

Posted: 30 Mar 2021 04:14 PM PDT

Why are vaccines in small vials instead of big bottles if the aim is to mass vaccinate people?

Posted: 30 Mar 2021 11:11 PM PDT

Was thinking about this since all you see on TV nowadays are the production lines of the various vaccines. Is there a physical/chemical/practical reason for this?

submitted by /u/Razon
[link] [comments]

Has a causal link been established between the Astrazeneca vaccines and the blood clot issue?

Posted: 30 Mar 2021 11:25 AM PDT

It seems more and more countries are suspending the Oxford/Astrazeneca vaccine for young people. For eg

https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/29/americas/canada-astrazeneca-vaccine-intl/index.html

Has it been conclusively established that the vaccine was, in rare cases, indeed causing the blood clot issue? What is the background rate of this happening? None of the news pieces I have read seem to cover background rate, which surely must be the baseline against which this has to be judged?

submitted by /u/elenasto
[link] [comments]

Is there an increase in worldwide earthquake activity?

Posted: 30 Mar 2021 10:13 AM PDT

Recently I have noticed that the news outlets are bombarding us with earthquake news. We had one relatively big 5.5 magnitude earthquake here in Croatia and since then almost everything gets reported, from the world biggest earthquakes to sometimes even the insignificant local ones like 1.7 magnitude which is realistically barely noticeable.

My question is for someone who closely follows this topic or is in this field of study: is the global seismic activity increased at all? If yes, is this an expected increase? Or is the news just producing mass hysteria for no reason but for gathering clicks?

submitted by /u/0b3ryN
[link] [comments]

How do they put all the ingredients into the vaccine?

Posted: 30 Mar 2021 03:34 PM PDT

When you see the vaccine, it just looks like a clear liquid. How do they put all the stuff inside it?

submitted by /u/alez_500
[link] [comments]

Is there any reason to believe cannabis consumption would lead to adverse side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine?

Posted: 30 Mar 2021 04:41 PM PDT
vào lúc No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)