What other families of viruses have potential to cause pandemics other than influenza and coronavirus?

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• What other families of viruses have potential to cause pandemics other than influenza and coronavirus?
• AskScience AMA Series: Happy Earth Day! We are writers Elizabeth Kolbert and Emma Marris. We wrote for National Geographic about what we think the Earth will look like in 2070. Emma feels pretty optimistic about it. Elizabeth is not. Ask us anything!
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology
• Do animals (other than humans) "save the best for last" when they eat, and is there an evolutionary reason some section of humanity has that urge, like developing delayed gratification?
• Why is important to put people with COVID-19 in hospitals if there is no treatment?
• How do difficult-to-get-into fruits that have seeds on the inside, such as watermelons, spread their seeds in the wild?
• Can gravitational lensing be observed at the scale of super clusters?
• Was electroshock therapy ever actually proven to do anything “positive”?
• How do conditional assembly instructions work?
• Regarding relativity: If you sped away from a clock near the speed of light (for an hour), that clock appears to freeze in time, then imagine you somehow turn around and now travel at the same speed back to the clock, would that clock appear to speed up as you approach it?
• Is virus a microbe? Does microbiology constitute study of viruses?
• Why do pimples come out after a hot bath/shower?
• Are the errors in antibody tests systematic or random?
• What color would the sky have been during the Carboniferous period?
• What is an oil well really like?
• What are some good free to use climate model programs I can use?

What other families of viruses have potential to cause pandemics other than influenza and coronavirus? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 02:21 PM PDT submitted by /u/Speed_King_Ignite [link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: Happy Earth Day! We are writers Elizabeth Kolbert and Emma Marris. We wrote for National Geographic about what we think the Earth will look like in 2070. Emma feels pretty optimistic about it. Elizabeth is not. Ask us anything! Posted: 22 Apr 2020 04:00 AM PDT Hi, I'm Emma Marris, an environmental writer from Oregon. I cover wildlife, biodiversity, climate change, agriculture, and other environmental topics. In this month's National Geographic magazine, I wrote about what a best-case 2070 might look like for the environment. If we start taking climate change and biodiversity loss seriously and tackling them with everything we've got, the future could in many ways be greener, fairer, and more pleasant than the present. But not everything will stay the same. And hi! I'm Elizabeth Kolbert. I'm a staff writer at The New Yorker and a contributor to National Geographic. I'm also the author of The Sixth Extinction. For the April issue of National Geographic, I wrote about the 50th anniversary of Earth Day and why I'm worried about what the planet will look like 50 years from now. We're looking forward to your questions. See you at 1pm ET (17 UT), ask us anything! Username: nationalgeographic submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology Posted: 22 Apr 2020 08:09 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

Do animals (other than humans) "save the best for last" when they eat, and is there an evolutionary reason some section of humanity has that urge, like developing delayed gratification? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 10:52 PM PDT Or is it something about preserving in the time of scarcity? Why do some people save the biggest, best potato chip to eat last? submitted by /u/OpenWaterRescue [link] [comments]

Why is important to put people with COVID-19 in hospitals if there is no treatment? Posted: 22 Apr 2020 03:38 AM PDT What does a hospital do that increases survival chances over staying at home? Is the access to ventilators the sole reason? submitted by /u/Stokkolm [link] [comments]

How do difficult-to-get-into fruits that have seeds on the inside, such as watermelons, spread their seeds in the wild? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 08:50 PM PDT submitted by /u/NobleSnipe [link] [comments]

Can gravitational lensing be observed at the scale of super clusters? Posted: 22 Apr 2020 03:31 AM PDT I just learnt about the existence of the Shapley Supercluster and the Dipole repeller and it got me thinking about gravitational lensing, specifically at what scales they can occur and be observed. Could an entire super cluster of galaxies produce a gravitational lensing effect? submitted by /u/madethistosaythat [link] [comments]

Was electroshock therapy ever actually proven to do anything “positive”? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 07:08 PM PDT Was there every any scientific background as to why it was such a prominent method of 'treating' the mentally ill? submitted by /u/MoonTotem [link] [comments]

How do conditional assembly instructions work? Posted: 22 Apr 2020 04:14 AM PDT JZ 10; This assembly instruction means "Jump to line 10 of the assembly program if the isZero bit in the status register is set to 1. How is this implemented in a microinstructional architecture? How does the computer make the decision? I'd really appreciate an answer that doesn't use the word "if"; I understand high-level programming and assembly, I want to know how its implemented at the microinstruction level. Something like "This microinstruction is performed on the value of the isZero bit, and the result, which is different depending on whether its 0 or 1, is used here. " My question would also be answered by explaining how the computer knows when to set the isZero flag in the first place; obviously there's some decision making there at a very low level. Thank you. submitted by /u/Telope [link] [comments]

Regarding relativity: If you sped away from a clock near the speed of light (for an hour), that clock appears to freeze in time, then imagine you somehow turn around and now travel at the same speed back to the clock, would that clock appear to speed up as you approach it? Posted: 22 Apr 2020 02:33 AM PDT I have been reading a bit about Relativity, I am not so familiar with physics, and I am trying to understand the idea that someone travelling near the speed of light will experience time dilation and experience much less time than a person not moving so fast? It seems to me that just like time slows down when you are travelling away from something, it should speed up when travelling towards something. submitted by /u/eobak1 [link] [comments]

Is virus a microbe? Does microbiology constitute study of viruses? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 11:49 PM PDT Wikipedia defines viruses as "submicroscopic infectious agents" but google tells me that they are classified as microbes as well. i am not a science student, so i am wondering if it is going to look foolish if i write about the virus as microbe [microbes are often discussed in anthropology]. Is there any kind of consensus on this? I read this article by Claverie and Abergel where they try to rework the definitions- is it a reputed approach? Clarifications of all kinds are welcome!! submitted by /u/billscumslut [link] [comments]

Why do pimples come out after a hot bath/shower? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 06:56 PM PDT submitted by /u/Hisupmalik [link] [comments]

Are the errors in antibody tests systematic or random? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 10:06 PM PDT There's a great deal of interest in antibody testing for COVID19. The sensitivity and specificity can make a big difference especially at low prevalence. I imagine it's some degree of both, but are the false negatives/false positives produced by this type of test systematic or random? If the same person takes the same test twice, can a repeat result be trusted more than a single result? submitted by /u/DustinBraddock [link] [comments]

What color would the sky have been during the Carboniferous period? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 01:51 AM PDT I was watching Ancient Earth, and during their episode on Carboniferous giant insects there was a throwaway line that mentioned the sky would look sepia due to the high oxygen levels (32% vs. the 21% of today). Is this true? If not, what color would the sky have been? submitted by /u/LeroySpaceCowboy [link] [comments]

What is an oil well really like? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 03:39 AM PDT Specifically is a large oil well really a massive underground void filled with oil as is sometimes depicted? Or is it a lot of rock and oil mixed together? submitted by /u/sidblues101 [link] [comments]

What are some good free to use climate model programs I can use? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 11:45 AM PDT submitted by /u/spoofbot [link] [comments]

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Can people with the flu or common cold be asymptomatic?

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• Can people with the flu or common cold be asymptomatic?
• Do any extant animals possess a whip-like structure like the Brontosaurus's tail?
• Do we have any way of knowing if early humans (ie Neanderthals, Homo Erectus) suffered from similar mental conditions, such as depression?
• Is there folk etymology in sign language?
• Why have antibody tests taken so much longer to develop than PCR tests?
• Why do waves tend to arrive at the coasts in sets?
• Very difficult-to-formulate question about how the human eye processes visual information: do we process things in order based on what we are focusing on rather than the entire field of vision?
• What is the fatality rate for the seasonal flu and how is it impacted by undetected cases?
• Scientists are currently trying to develop a cheap and accurate antibody test for SARS-CoV-2. Do tests meeting this criteria exist for any other viruses, or would this be a novel accomplishment?
• How do “nonfunctional” proteins created from recessive alleles do anything when it’s homozygous recessive?
• Where and how did the Spanish flu start, and what caused it to spread so rapidly?
• How do greenhouse gases 'trap' heat?
• Where power plant can pass excessive energy?
• How come the undersea earthquakes and plate movements don't release oil into the environment under the oceans?
• How different are the antibodies produced by two people in response to the same disease? (Including but no limited to COVID)
• While asleep, how does our bladder manage to hold in urine until we wake up in the morning or in the middle of the night?
• Do other organic solvents, such as xylene or acetone, have similar antiseptic properties to ethanol?
• Is the widespread use of handsanitizer thanks to the rona going to contribute to more "superbugs" and antibiotic resistance bacteria?
• Based on the CDC web site the total number of cases of coronavirus im the us is 746,625 and the total deaths is 39,083. That is a death rate by my math of 5.2%. Why is the fatality rate being reported at 2-2.5%?
• Does the Ionosphere play an important role in weather changes or the weather in general?
• How can a window be both reflective and transparent?
• If whirlpools spin anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the souther hemisphere, how do they spin at the equator?

Can people with the flu or common cold be asymptomatic? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 06:05 PM PDT I've read that people can be infected with Coronavirus and show no symptoms at all. I was wondering if that was also true for the flu or the common cold? Can people be infected but be asymptomatic? submitted by /u/jplank1983 [link] [comments]

Do any extant animals possess a whip-like structure like the Brontosaurus's tail? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 06:28 PM PDT The Brontosaurus tail possesses a bull-whip-like structure at the end that, according to computer models, was as loud as a cannon (200 decibels). Does any extant animal possess a similar trait? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brontosaurus submitted by /u/CompellingProtagonis [link] [comments]

Do we have any way of knowing if early humans (ie Neanderthals, Homo Erectus) suffered from similar mental conditions, such as depression? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 04:32 PM PDT submitted by /u/AirJoeAirlines [link] [comments]

Is there folk etymology in sign language? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 07:59 AM PDT Folk etymology is a really fascinating case where people come up with a story to differentiate the meaning of two words to define their difference. Does this also happen in sing language? submitted by /u/Onepopcornman [link] [comments]

Why have antibody tests taken so much longer to develop than PCR tests? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 03:38 PM PDT PCR tests were available in a matter of days after the virus genome was sequenced. Antibody testing have only this week rolled out into widespread use despite news of them being created in late February. What is it about antibody tests that's taken them this long to reach the point where we're using them as a tool to better understand SARS-CoV-2? submitted by /u/Shalmanese [link] [comments]

Why do waves tend to arrive at the coasts in sets? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 06:12 PM PDT I've heard that waves travel in sets of 7, why is that and why aren't all waves the same size? submitted by /u/kevino_tocino [link] [comments]

Very difficult-to-formulate question about how the human eye processes visual information: do we process things in order based on what we are focusing on rather than the entire field of vision? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 03:17 AM PDT I want to try and explain this phenomenon a bit better (I'm not even sure if it's real or an optical illusion), so I'll be as detailed as I can. I'm experiencing something weird with reflected light and the way my brain is trying to process it and I'm not sure if there have been any experiments done that might address it. Say I have a red blinking light to my left, and a mirror to my right such that when I stare at a single point directly in between the two, I can see a perfectly symmetrical reflection of the light in the mirror. Both lights are near my visual periphery in this scenario. Also, due to the speed of light, I assume that my brain would normally consider these two events as simultaneous. If I focus on that single middle point, I can become fully aware of both lights blinking in my periphery and I can sync their timing up together perfectly. However, if I choose to continue staring at that center point but shift my focus to the right or left side (i.e. basically watching only one of the lights specifically out of the corner of my eye), my reaction to the second light blinking seems to be slightly after the light being focused on. This works both ways. One reason it bugs me is that I can't make the process happen in reverse. For example, staring at center point, Focusing on Light A in my periphery, and convincing my brain to react and process Light B blinking before it processes the light from Light A. If I try to "switch" them, my brain becomes aware that it actually just shifted focus to Light B and now Light A is in the periphery. I am curious if this is due to how our brain evolved to use our entire field of vision while focusing on specific points and is basically limited by the amount of information it could process per unit time. I just read something about Eagles having a higher "Nyquist Rate" and wonder if that has any relevance to what I'm getting at here, but more on the software side and less on the hardware, if you get what I mean. The main reason I am asking is because of the potential applications for neuroscience and AI. Mapping the human mind based on how many bits of information we can process at a given moment, what we have to focus on, the stimulus/reaction delay for things in our focus vs. things in our periphery, etc. Thanks in advance for reading this long-winded and poorly-worded question, and if you need me to explain what I'm experiencing in better detail, I'll do my best. submitted by /u/earthtochas3 [link] [comments]

What is the fatality rate for the seasonal flu and how is it impacted by undetected cases? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 10:08 PM PDT I've seen two different fatality rates discussed for diseases when I try to look at papers, the infection fatality rate and the case fatality rate, and in the case of Covid-19, there's recent work about trying to determine the infection fatality rate and the case fatality rate. However, when it comes to the seasonal flu, I normally just see things along the lines of "the fatality rate is .1%". What I don't understand is which sort of fatality rate that is and how it's actually being calculated. Is that .1% of people who get infected with a flu virus, or .1% of people who have noticeable symptoms of the flu? Does this vary for different seasonal flu strains, or does the number of cases cause the variance in flu deaths each year? In short, what are the best numbers for the seasonal flu that Covid-19 fatality rates should be compared with once the Covid-19 studies are considered sufficiently complete (if we're not already at that point for some regions), and how are those values determined for the flu? submitted by /u/Lowbacca1977 [link] [comments]

Scientists are currently trying to develop a cheap and accurate antibody test for SARS-CoV-2. Do tests meeting this criteria exist for any other viruses, or would this be a novel accomplishment? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 06:23 AM PDT submitted by /u/weilian82 [link] [comments]

How do “nonfunctional” proteins created from recessive alleles do anything when it’s homozygous recessive? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 06:03 AM PDT I just read that both dominant and recessive alleles get translated and transcribed, but that proteins encoded by recessive alleles are nonfunctional, which is why the dominant trait appears when it's heterozygous. Is that true? If so, what happens when it's homozygous recessive? Do the proteins not do anything? submitted by /u/imaginearagog [link] [comments]

Where and how did the Spanish flu start, and what caused it to spread so rapidly? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 02:16 AM PDT I know that ww1 was a major contributor for the spread of it but what else, and I keep finding different theories on what animals caused it, some say horses and some say pigs. So reddit please help me out here. submitted by /u/Jydholm [link] [comments]

How do greenhouse gases 'trap' heat? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 11:55 PM PDT I read today, "...Some of them can trap more heat than CO2. A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming of molecule of CO2..." It lead me to wonder what's the physical property of such molecules which makes them 'trap' heat. Is there a combustion reaction with CH4 which releases energy? If that was the case how come CO2 also heats up? I know CO2 won't combine with more O2 for combustion. Or is it thermal diffusivity of the molecule? submitted by /u/Maverick__23 [link] [comments]

Where power plant can pass excessive energy? Posted: 21 Apr 2020 04:39 AM PDT What if there are no ways to distribute amount of energy generated by some power plat? I guess real case scenario could be when there is accident that cut off all consumers. Thanks! submitted by /u/woffka [link] [comments]

How come the undersea earthquakes and plate movements don't release oil into the environment under the oceans? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 07:52 AM PDT submitted by /u/catonmyshoulder69 [link] [comments]

How different are the antibodies produced by two people in response to the same disease? (Including but no limited to COVID) Posted: 20 Apr 2020 02:33 PM PDT Follow up question: how do antibody tests work? I got an antibody test yesterday a d began to wonder how they could test for what must surely vary in composition between individuals. submitted by /u/mo9722 [link] [comments]

While asleep, how does our bladder manage to hold in urine until we wake up in the morning or in the middle of the night? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 08:56 PM PDT How is it that our bladder tends to hold in our urine and the urge to urinate doesn't come until morning.? Babies and young children often urinate in their bed, so how does our body know not to do the same when asleep? There are also some people who are literally awoken in the middle of the night and get up to use the bathroom. On the flip side, I know that there are individuals who have an overactive bladder and can't really control when or how often they need to urinate. Just wondering if there's some sort of mechanism that signals our body to hold in urine and then release it at some time. submitted by /u/coffeeaddiction22 [link] [comments]

Do other organic solvents, such as xylene or acetone, have similar antiseptic properties to ethanol? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 05:08 PM PDT submitted by /u/YandyTheGnome [link] [comments]

Is the widespread use of handsanitizer thanks to the rona going to contribute to more "superbugs" and antibiotic resistance bacteria? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 03:36 PM PDT submitted by /u/maryfrickinpoppins [link] [comments]

Based on the CDC web site the total number of cases of coronavirus im the us is 746,625 and the total deaths is 39,083. That is a death rate by my math of 5.2%. Why is the fatality rate being reported at 2-2.5%? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 12:39 PM PDT submitted by /u/homelessdreamer [link] [comments]

Does the Ionosphere play an important role in weather changes or the weather in general? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 02:19 PM PDT submitted by /u/jackrangerderp [link] [comments]

How can a window be both reflective and transparent? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 01:35 PM PDT submitted by /u/LePotate8 [link] [comments]

If whirlpools spin anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the souther hemisphere, how do they spin at the equator? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 09:48 AM PDT submitted by /u/Waeiwa [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
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AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

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• AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII
• Are there crazy caves with no entrance to the surface pocketed all throughout the earth or is the earth pretty solid except for cave systems near the top?
• I read on the NYT that “Even the 1918 Spanish flu virus eventually faded into the seasonal H1N1 flu.” Does this mean that the seasonal flu is just an evolved version of the 1918 strain? If so, are we likely to have a seasonal COVID-19 for years to come?
• Do viruses contribute to the ecosystem?
• What made the Smallpox vaccine so effective?
• Does an Operating System use the CPU cache? If yes, by what amount on average?
• In recent news it has been announced that trials of a vaccine that could protect against the coronavirus are set to begin in the UK. Can someone explain why the control group is given the conjugate MenACWY vaccine) as comparison, and not a placebo such as saline solution ?
• How much credibility does the theory 'exposure to sunlight reduces myopia' hold since there doesn't seem to be a general consensus?
• What is the chain of events that leads to death when someone is made to ingest a strong alpha emitter?
• Why do some superheavy elements have a group while others don't?
• Is entropy of formation always positive?
• Why isn't ELISA or other serological tests being used to diagnose sars cov 2?
• Vaccine clinical trials - Are mRNA vaccines (e.g. Moderna's) slower to develop?
• What happens if one star in a binary pair goes supernova close enough to the other star to be caught in the blast?
• How do wet dreams cause ejaculation without physical stimulation?
• How much does the earth's atmosphere condense (roughly), in vertical distance from the surface, during the winter?

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII Posted: 24 Jan 2020 05:32 PM PST Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately. This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here. The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair. Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests! You are eligible to join the panel if you: Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND, Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences. Instructions for formatting your panelist application: Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.). State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.) Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.) Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student? Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself. Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge. Here's an example application: Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis. You can submit your application by replying to this post. submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

Are there crazy caves with no entrance to the surface pocketed all throughout the earth or is the earth pretty solid except for cave systems near the top? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 09:13 PM PDT submitted by /u/projectMKultra [link] [comments]

I read on the NYT that “Even the 1918 Spanish flu virus eventually faded into the seasonal H1N1 flu.” Does this mean that the seasonal flu is just an evolved version of the 1918 strain? If so, are we likely to have a seasonal COVID-19 for years to come? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 11:22 AM PDT https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/health/coronavirus-america-future.html?referringSource=articleShare submitted by /u/pcl8311 [link] [comments]

Do viruses contribute to the ecosystem? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 02:19 AM PDT Will anything happen if all viruses simply disappeared? submitted by /u/SnowyArctic [link] [comments]

What made the Smallpox vaccine so effective? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 11:51 PM PDT Smallpox was considered eradicated by WHO as of 1980, but in the 40 years since we have yet to achieve the same feat in another human disease. What were the contributing factors to why we could eradicate one disease, but haven't done so since? Is it just a matter of priority? Are there any good contenders for the next disease to be eradicated? submitted by /u/LinaIsNotANoob [link] [comments]

Does an Operating System use the CPU cache? If yes, by what amount on average? Posted: 20 Apr 2020 03:03 AM PDT I was wondering if an OS such as Windows uses the cache normally and how would that influence cache benchmarks (measuring performance of something) which usually assume that the cache is being utilized only by the process being benchmarked. submitted by /u/stichtom [link] [comments]

In recent news it has been announced that trials of a vaccine that could protect against the coronavirus are set to begin in the UK. Can someone explain why the control group is given the conjugate MenACWY vaccine) as comparison, and not a placebo such as saline solution ? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 08:32 PM PDT https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8234349/Coronavirus-vaccine-trial-humans-gets-underway-UK-ready-end-year.html submitted by /u/gravitykilla [link] [comments]

How much credibility does the theory 'exposure to sunlight reduces myopia' hold since there doesn't seem to be a general consensus? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 05:45 AM PDT submitted by /u/BitterApple69 [link] [comments]

What is the chain of events that leads to death when someone is made to ingest a strong alpha emitter? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 08:34 PM PDT According to the wikipedia page on the poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko, the amount of Polonium in his body was pretty low (Although, of course, any amount of Polonium is much too much), and it took him three weeks to die: The symptoms seen in Litvinenko appeared consistent with an administered activity of approximately 2 GBq (50 mCi) which corresponds to about 10 micrograms of 210Po. That is 200 times the median lethal dose of around 238 μCi or 50 nanograms in the case of ingestion. The studies of the biodistribution of 210Po using gamma-ray spectrometry in post-mortem samples were used to estimate intake as 4.4 GBq. Having read about Litvinenko, I was curious about what would happen if someone was made to ingest a larger dose of Polonium (Or another strong alpha emitter). According to the wikipedia page on Polonium, a one gram sample of Po 210 produces 140 watts of power, so it seems like the human body should be able to 'sustain' a much higher amount than Litvinenko swallowed without the heat destroying the body before the radiation kills you. So... what's the chain of events that leads to death? Reading up on Acute Radiation Syndrome, all the information talks about radiation suffered from external sources, mostly the victims of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. But what about someone dying from a strong alpha emitter inside the body? Which parts of the human body shut down, and what ultimately kills you first when alpha radiation tears you apart from inside? submitted by /u/Rhamni [link] [comments]

Why do some superheavy elements have a group while others don't? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 07:09 PM PDT In some periodic tables like this, Copernicium and Flerovium are classified as a transition metal and a post-transition metal respectively, while other elements beside them are still considered "unknown". Why are these 2 elements in a group while others aren't? What about them confirms that they are in those groups? Why can't we just put all the "unknown" elements into groups which they supposedly belong to? submitted by /u/Ciltan [link] [comments]

Is entropy of formation always positive? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 05:48 PM PDT submitted by /u/MRV2468 [link] [comments]

Why isn't ELISA or other serological tests being used to diagnose sars cov 2? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 10:29 AM PDT Aren't they cheaper and faster than PCR? submitted by /u/ozymandias_san [link] [comments]

Vaccine clinical trials - Are mRNA vaccines (e.g. Moderna's) slower to develop? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 07:20 AM PDT Looking at this table (copied below), I am noticing that the mRNA vaccine from Moderna for COVID-19 is still in Phase I, whereas other vaccines that started in Phase I at around the same time, are already in Phase II. From a statistical standpoint, is this difference in progress known to be attributable to the nature of mRNA vaccines in general? (and if so why?) The alternative would be that it's more attributable to random variation that would be vaccine-type agnostic. ​ Vaccine candidate Technology Phase of trial Location Duration Ad5-nCoV (CanSino Biologics, Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences) Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector Phase II interventional trial for dosing and side effects (500) Wuhan, China March 2020 to December 2020 Ad5-nCoV (CanSino Biologics, Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences) Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector Phase I (108) Wuhan China March 2020 to December 2020 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (University of Oxford) Adenovirus vector Phase I-II, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple sites (510) England, United Kingdom April 2020 to May 2021 mRNA-1273 (Moderna, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Lipid nanoparticle dispersion containing messenger RNA Phase I (45) United States March 2020 to Spring-Summer 2021 Covid-19/aAPC (Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute) Lentiviral vector, pathogen-specific artificial antigen presenting dendritic cells Phase I (100) Shenzhen, China March 2020 to 2023 LV-SMENP-DC (Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute) Lentiviral minigene vaccine, dendritic cells modified with lentiviral vector Phase I (100) Shenzhen, China March 2020 to 2023 INO-4800 (Inovio Pharmaceuticals, CEPI) DNA plasmid delivered by electroporation Phase I (40) United States April 2020 to November 2020 ​ submitted by /u/AAAVR [link] [comments]

What happens if one star in a binary pair goes supernova close enough to the other star to be caught in the blast? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 07:44 AM PDT Also is the strong force responsible for supernovas? thanks. submitted by /u/chungoscrungus [link] [comments]

How do wet dreams cause ejaculation without physical stimulation? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 06:46 AM PDT And why can this not be reproduced in a wakeful state? submitted by /u/BroCast97 [link] [comments]

How much does the earth's atmosphere condense (roughly), in vertical distance from the surface, during the winter? Posted: 19 Apr 2020 08:13 AM PDT submitted by /u/RoomForRant [link] [comments]

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