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Sunday, July 14, 2019

Are a butterfly and a caterpillar the same animal genetically?

Are a butterfly and a caterpillar the same animal genetically?

Are a butterfly and a caterpillar the same animal genetically?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 02:17 PM PDT

How can an organism achieve such a drastic transformation using the same genome? Does a caterpillar's DNA undergo a rewrite when it metamorphoses? Is there some sort of inherent gene editing going on?

submitted by /u/Boswell_Kinbote
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Why don't meadows have bushes/trees like the land that typically surrounds them?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 07:38 PM PDT

How has any space mission to other planets helped humans in daily life? Example

Posted: 14 Jul 2019 05:18 AM PDT

When cutting paper with scissors, do the pressure separate the molecules Par breaking the van der waals interactions or does it cut through the c-c bonding?

Posted: 14 Jul 2019 12:35 AM PDT

Hello,

My friends and I were debating this the other day. For me, there is no way that scissors could break the carbon carbon bonds. I think it is more likely that the pressure of the scissors is enough to pull the molecules appart

Can someone help us on this matter? I couldn't fine anything on the internet.

Meh, should have read the title before posting. Sorry about that

submitted by /u/LeCampeur
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Why is it that some animals can survive on a single food source while humans require a diverse diet to be healthy?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 11:58 PM PDT

Also, aside from the obvious fact that being able to digest many different kinds of foods means that we can survive shortages of a various food, does our strategy offer any other advantages?

submitted by /u/Isaac_The_Khajiit
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How do we know hydrogen masers are reliable as frequency standards?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 11:20 PM PDT

What is the name of the first species?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 07:47 PM PDT

I've tried to google the name of the first organism, but I just get Bacteria or Prokaryotes. What is the earliest classified species of life?

submitted by /u/iMiscellaneous2
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Are some fat cells we store/burn more nutrient rich than others based on the foods we eat or are they all basically the same?

Posted: 14 Jul 2019 01:01 AM PDT

To simplify the question I'm going to say we burn fat in layers like an onion, which I don't think is true.

If I eat nothing but an abundance of healthy balanced foods ( enough to gain a layer fat which we'll call "good fat" )

then for a period eat nothing but Cheetos ( for my next layer of fat which we'll call "bad fat")

Is the Cheeto layer less nutrient/ does it provide less energy than the fats made from healthy foods? Or is fat just fat and there is no good or bad?

If we take away the layer burning idea and fat is burned more randomly, could it be we get little spurts of energy because our body randomly burned a bit of "good fat"?

submitted by /u/partedblinds
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If hyperglycemia / insulin resistance impairs angiogenesis, do people with Type 2 Diabetes have a lower risk of cancer?

Posted: 14 Jul 2019 12:56 AM PDT

People with Type 2 Diabetes have an impaired ability of angiogenesis due to high blood glucose posing toxicity towards endothelial cells.

Since angiogenesis is required for cancer metastasis, due Type 2 Diabetes patients have a lower risk of cancer?

submitted by /u/CytoGuardian
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Do animals with fur get skin damage from sunlight like humans do? And if so, how much does the fur protect from UV compared to significant amounts of melanin?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 06:49 AM PDT

Why is strep throat, caused by a commensal bacteria, contagious?

Posted: 14 Jul 2019 12:42 AM PDT

I went to my doctor and was diagnosed with strep throat. I was told that after 24 hrs of antibiotics my strep throat won't be contagious. I was also told that strep is commensal and opportunistic, and a secondary infection to my viral cold. I had a break in the barrier that normally keeps the Group A strep from accessing nutrients, but the changes in conditions caused by my cold meant that my normally chill bacteria started growing out of control. I know contagiousness is due to active bacteria being spread and causing infection in others, but what I don't get is that everyone has Streptococcus pyogenes living commensally in/on them, so how can it be "spread"? It's only causing an infection in me because my barriers broke down, but surely for someone else who's healthy and hasn't had a cold that weakens their innate protection it wouldn't be an issue?

TL;DR why is strep "contagious" when everyone has it anyway?

submitted by /u/barefoot_bunny_lover
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Why does a small amount of antenna extension in devices such as portable radios and satellite cellphones make such a big impact on quality of reception?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 11:43 PM PDT

Do all planets rotate around the same plane/ axis ?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 04:50 PM PDT

This is hard for me to formulate but bare with me.

So since outer space is a 3 dimensional space.

Consider you're at the north pole of the sun looking to the sky, do all planets rotate at a single level as if they are aligned.

is there even the slightest off possibilty that all planets align causing a solar system eclipse of some sorts ? Or do they rotate on different axis and planes?

submitted by /u/cpt-ry
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Can a person with their right arm amputated be dominant on their right?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 05:41 PM PDT

How often does oxygen concentration change in the atmosphere in a given area on a day-to-day basis, taking into consideration weather conditions such as rain, windiness, or humidity?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 07:20 PM PDT

If prions are hard to destroy, why are prion related diseases so rare?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 02:01 PM PDT

Why does oil work so well at removing stickers?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 03:45 PM PDT

So i've noticed that oil works really well at removing stickers and I'm really curious as to how the oil works against the paper and the adhesive.

submitted by /u/Alt652-2
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If the Moon orbits Earth and Earth orbits the Sun, what does the Sun orbit?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 04:26 AM PDT

  • Does it orbit anything at all?
  • Does it get relatively warmer or colder at any point like Earth does during the different seasons?
  • Is this a really dumb question?
submitted by /u/tammoran1
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How did large theropod dinosaurs mate?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 10:44 AM PDT

Large theropod dinosaurs like allosaurus and tyrannosaurus had large, long, top-heavy bodies with stiff muscular tails? How would they find a correct mating position?

submitted by /u/Brayagu
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Would decompression have any affect on stopping or slowing a projectile in space?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 06:16 AM PDT

What prompted this question is the scene in Star Trek Into Darkness where Khan and Kirk perform a space jump first by being depressurized and pushed into the vacuum of space, and then guiding themselves to an entry port on the enemy ship... that also depressurizes when it opens.

Wouldn't this exert the same or similar amount of force? If yes, would that not stop them instantly at the point of entry? Would that sudden halt kill them, or does decompression disperse air quickly enough that any incoming projectile (human or otherwise) has more than enough mass to pass right through? Are aerodynamics even at play in space?

Hope that makes sense. I'm sure there are variations depending on the size of the projectile and amount of pressure on either end, but I was curious about the physics here - both if the depressurization is equal or unequal.

The video in question: space jump

submitted by /u/KedaZ1
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How do animal species near extinction make comebacks, like the rhinos making 1000% increase?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 10:37 AM PDT

I saw on a program years ago that females should birth as many offspring from as many different males as possible. How does that protect the inbreeding problem? Aren't all mammals subject to the same genetic restrictions regarding birth defects?

submitted by /u/Gyplok
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Saturday, July 13, 2019

How far away are asteroids from each other?

How far away are asteroids from each other?

How far away are asteroids from each other?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 01:53 AM PDT

If I were standing (or clinging to, assuming the gravity is very low) on an asteroid in the asteroid belt, could I see other ones orbiting near me? Would I be able to jump to another one? Could we link a bunch together to make a sort of synthetic planet?

Also I'm never sure what flair to use. Forgive me if this is the wrong one.

submitted by /u/Slendeaway
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Does the permeability of balloons increase with mechanical stress?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 03:01 AM PDT

Aka does a ballon stays inflated less long after reuse?

Talking about the type of ballons you use with kids. (Made of latex?)

I know that latex, rubber and plastics have different permeability for different gases, but I am not sure whether this permeability can be affected mechanically.

If so, the common stretching of the uninflated ballon before first use might result in it holding less air.

submitted by /u/arnuschky
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Why is Mississippi so hilly?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 01:29 PM PDT

So I live in South Mississippi and I'm a dork who gets really excited by how pretty everything is here, and yet I never noticed until taking an overpass one day that our state is really hilly. I've hiked and experienced the hills but it never clicked until I saw the rolling canopy of pine trees one day. Then I started paying attention to the way the highway just seems cut through some hills and just go up and down others. I also notice a lot of hills where a stream isn't immediately nearby. What causes that? I'm sorry for the poorly structured question, I'm just tired of googling "why is Mississippi so hilly" with no answer.

submitted by /u/AnalFistingGuru
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Does a mountain's mass affect the gravity on top of it?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 04:45 AM PDT

On top of a mountain, a mass would be further from Earth, thus having a smaller gravitational pull, but at the same time it would also have the pull from the mountain, how would this affect the total weight a mass experiences?

submitted by /u/Xavieret271
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What is the octane number mean for petrol?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 02:24 AM PDT

What kind of current is lightning? AC or DC?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 10:07 AM PDT

Why do your arms feel sore after getting a vaccine ?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 04:52 PM PDT

Just got caught up on my vaccines and my arms are feeling like I worked out. Does it have to do with the needle itself or the way you're body processes it ?

submitted by /u/Pyeong_Shin
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Can you use a step up transformer in series to create increasingly stronger magnetic fields?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 01:24 PM PDT

So, I am writing a bit of sci-fi, (I know, roll your eyes) and I want to include a Coilgun as part of the story that I am presenting. The idea I had was the gun was operated by a series of step up transformers, you induce a small amount of voltage to the first coil, and use some form of lever to catapult the projectile forward. Once the round reaches the field's center, the field is collapsed, and the secondary coil is charged with a much stronger voltage (like in an ignition coil on a vehicle.) That charge goes to the second stage transformer, which creates a much stronger magnetic field (in theory) which then collapses, increasing once again the amount of voltage in the system. Theoretically this could occur as many times as one wants, until the round is as fast as one desires for the effect. The voltage is then stored in capacitors after the firing sequence, and discharged for other uses. I have no idea at all if this could work, but if it could that would be a good thing to include in the book, it would make the gun more efficient because it would not need as much initial power for operation.

submitted by /u/RedBeard06
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Can you increase the volumetric flow rate of a river?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 05:27 PM PDT

With the Barry over NO right now, and the concern of flooding, would it be possible or even reasonable to construct a way to increase the volumetric flow rate at the mouth of the river (or any) with large pumps/ducts/leveys? If you could, would you be able to increase flow rate ahead of a storm like this to mitigate any additional rainfall? What technical/ecological changes would there be do something like this?

submitted by /u/TunaBoots
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How do we know how many calories something has?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 10:59 AM PDT

I've always just trusted the labels of foods for how many calories are in them but never really question where those number came from. How do we measure calories?

submitted by /u/ooMango
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Does tides also happen in rivers and lakes like they do in the ocean?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 11:33 AM PDT

Why does a hurricane weaken so rapidly on land?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 04:12 PM PDT

Storms pop up and strengthen over land all the time. Moment a hurricane comes on land though, seems to never go much farther than 200-300 miles before being just another heavy storm.

submitted by /u/TheDragonLake
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Why is color of the sky affected lot more severely by time of day (longitudinal angle differences) compared to how close you are to the equator/NS poles (latitudinal angle differences)?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 08:54 AM PDT

I have created figures to better explain my question.

​

My understanding of why the sky turns red during sunrise/sunset is as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

During sunrise and sunset (Figures 1 and 3), sunlight has to travel far through the atmosphere due to its angle relative to Earth's surface.

As sunlight travels through the atmosphere, it hits molecules and scatter, losing blue light in the process - sky is red.

During midday, distance sunlight travels is lot shorter, it retains its blue light - sky is blue.

However, if the longitudinal angle differences (time of day) and its affect on distances sunlight travel through the atmosphere ('atmospheric thickness') is the only reason why sky turns red during sunrise and sunset, why doesn't latitudinal angle differences affect the color in the same way?

​

Consider Figures 4 through 8 are at a constant longitudinal angle (same time of day).

The northern hemisphere (lets say northern Europe) and the equator (lets say central Africa) are located on same longitude (i.e. their time zones are the same).

During summer (Figures 4 and 5), northern Europe is not located at a latitudinal severe enough to affect distance of atmosphere sunlight has to travel - color of the sky is only affected by time of day.

However during winter (Figure 6), sunlight has to travel the through same 'thickness' of atmosphere that it travels during sunset (Figure 3).

Therefore, during winter, the specific part of northern Europe I marked in Figures 6 and 8 should see the red sky, all day.

And if two people are to take a picture in northern Europe and central Africa at the same time, the sky should be colored red and blue, respectively.

But from my understanding, this is not the case.

​

Earth is (almost) a sphere so any affect longitudinal angles have on 'atmospheric thickness' should be (almost) the same for latitudinal angles.

I was thinking that maybe I could answer myself if I can picture everything in 3D, instead of just 2D as shown in my Figures.

So longitudinal and latitudinal angles must be combined to create 'atmospheric thickness' severe enough have drastic changes in color.

However, this is clearly not the case since latitudinal angles have little to no impact on longitudinal angles with respect to the color of the sky.

If its time of sunrise, midday, or sunset, the colors will be same for northern Europe and central Africa.

Sure, duration of the day are different, but the color of the sky will still be red during sunrise/sunset and blue when its midday for both places.

If I could freeze time at 12 pm, and look up to the sky at central Africa, the sky will be blue.

If I travel north (time still frozen), I should be seeing the sun 'setting' to the south, where one point it will be near the horizon and the sky should be red, even when its 12 pm.

And at this location, the sky should be red all the time, as long as the sun is up, at certain time of the year (winter for northern Europe).

I've heard of midnight sun and extremely short/long day and night time but never a place that experience red sky for a whole day, maybe I'm just ignorant on that regards.

Sorry for the long post, just thought I had to explain the question clearly because when I asked my friends who major in astronomy and photonics, we wasted lots of time because they didn't fully get what I was asking.

submitted by /u/ttmanou
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Resonance - How do you determine how many of one atom can better stabilize a charge than a more electronegative atom?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 08:07 PM PDT

Why is it that it is more stable for a negative charge to be spread over 2 oxygens than one oxygen and 3 carbon atoms? Following that logic, why is it more stable to spread a negative charge over 3 oxygen atoms than over 1 oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom? Is it because the difference in electronegativity is much greater between the oxygen and carbon than it is between the oxygen and nitrogen?

Just to extend this idea, at what point does a hybrid carbon atom stabilize charge better than a more electronegative atom? For example, according to my textbook, an sp-hybrid C atom stabilizes negative charge better than a nitrogen atom. At what point does hybridization s effect overcome electronegativity?

submitted by /u/zayntheboss
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Friday, July 12, 2019

How does the single human prion protein (PrP) cause a number of different diseases (vCJD, fatal insomnia, kuru, etc) as it changes from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc)?

How does the single human prion protein (PrP) cause a number of different diseases (vCJD, fatal insomnia, kuru, etc) as it changes from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc)?

How does the single human prion protein (PrP) cause a number of different diseases (vCJD, fatal insomnia, kuru, etc) as it changes from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc)?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 07:02 AM PDT

As far as I can tell, the protein is the same (both in terms of the normal and disease-causing isoforms), and the mechanism is the same (misfolded protein converts normal protein in a chain reaction that leads to protease-resistant plaques). So why are there a number of related but distinct diseases associated with the human/mammalian prion protein?

submitted by /u/akaBrotherNature
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Why does the atmosphere not stratify itself by the molecular mass of its components, with the heaviest gas at the bottom (e.g. CO2, O2, N2...He2, H2) ?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 11:00 AM PDT

Why does basal cell carcinoma so rarely metastasize?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 03:07 PM PDT

Biochemically/genetically speaking.

submitted by /u/literaldehyde
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Are we born with our personality, or is it something we develop through experience?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 01:23 AM PDT

Could we make a rocket that uses both matter and antimatter? Could antimatter be used to propels us in the same way matter does? If it annihilates with matter after it propels something, does that mean it can't be used to propel something in a vacuum?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 07:25 PM PDT

How do we know if a meteorite came from the outer solar system?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 06:17 AM PDT

How does the body get rid of dead cells?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 03:27 PM PDT

My wife started chemotherapy this week. She asked me how the cancer exists the body. I'm a truck driver. I have no idea.

I looked it up as best I could and the closest I could get was reading that the body gets rid of billions of dead cells every day.

I assume that chemo kills cancer cells, then...

Somethings called Axl and Mer target the cells that are dead and summon Ligands.

From there macrophages swoop in and eat the dead cells.

I'm not sure I got all that right. But, if I did, what happens next? How do the macrophages get it to exit the body?

submitted by /u/Digyo
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What factors need to match between two people to be a valid bone marrow donor to a recipient?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 08:15 PM PDT

If someone were to donate marrow to someone else, is blood type the only factor that needs to be a match (assuming the donor is in all other ways a healthy and qualified donor?) or are there other factors at play that also need to be matched in a case-by-case basis?

submitted by /u/jude802
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Is the belief that a comet triggered the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction still the most widely held belief?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 02:49 PM PDT

If so, can someone explain to me how a comet could have triggered such a mass extinction?

submitted by /u/Santarini
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In what ways does the discovery of a thin accretion disk around NGC 3147 change our theories of black hole creation?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 11:01 PM PDT

Yesterday NASA released a finding about the super massive black hole in NGC 3147. They were studying low magnitude black holes, and found that the accretion disk is both much flatter and closer to the black hole than should be possible based on our ideas of how black holes work.

What, in our theories, is missing and going to need to be changed. One of the blogs I read was stating that this changes how we look at black hole generation, but did not give any details.

Thanks

submitted by /u/igloofu
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Collectively, do North American common starlings have a deficient amount of genetic material?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 01:07 PM PDT

I understand that all N. American starlings descend from 60 individual birds released in NYC's Central Park in 1890. Did this create a genetic bottleneck for their descendants? If so, has there been any interesting genetic impact? If not, why not - how do 60 individuals possess sufficient genetic material?

submitted by /u/elphin
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Can two photons hit an electron at the exact same time transmitting to it the same energy as it was hit by a single higher frequency photon?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 11:32 AM PDT

How do perfect pyrite cubes form in the halo of quartz veins?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 08:02 PM PDT

Veins form as a result of brittle fracturing of the country rock, and typically, silica rich fluids (hydrothermal fluids) rush in to fill the open space. These fluids can eventually form minerals within the vein and along the veins' margin, but how do euhedral pyrite cubes form in the halo of the veins (ie. the country rock)? Hydrothermal fluids should be too low in temperature to heat the country rock to a ductile regime, and the veins formed during brittle fracture.

submitted by /u/sufficing
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Do dyslexic people have the same problems with different writing systems? E.g. if they have problems with Latin script, will they have the same problems with Chinese characters?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 12:50 AM PDT

Dumb question; does sound radiation exist?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 07:15 PM PDT

Just had a thought; let's take an analog sound engineer for example with heavy duty audio equipment; for night clubs.

The said sound engineer sits in there work both, have there system set up and playing.

Under those conditions with density of those vibrations and sound waves bouncing around.

Won't this be considered as being cooked in a microwave oven.

Note: I apologize, I have difficulty articulating and explaining what I have in my thoughts. It's like a language barrier without having a rosseta stone to translate.

submitted by /u/ChefTable2
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Why do cellular frequencies have to be significantly higher than WiFi's 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz? Especially when it comes to the new 5g that's rolling out?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 01:47 PM PDT
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