Pages

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Is there any seven-day periodicity in the global climate due to the industrial work-week?

Is there any seven-day periodicity in the global climate due to the industrial work-week?


Is there any seven-day periodicity in the global climate due to the industrial work-week?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 03:40 PM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We are scientists here to discuss our breakthrough results from the Event Horizon Telescope. AUA!

Posted: 10 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

We have captured the first image of a Black Hole. Ask Us Anything!

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) — a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio telescopes forged through international collaboration — was designed to capture images of a black hole. Today, in coordinated press conferences across the globe, EHT researchers have revealed that they have succeeded, unveiling the first direct visual evidence of a supermassive black hole and its shadow.

The image reveals the black hole at the centre of Messier 87, a massive galaxy in the nearby Virgo galaxy cluster. This black hole resides 55 million light-years from Earth and has a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Sun

We are a group of researchers who have been involved in this result. We will be available starting with 20:00 CEST (14:00 EDT, 18:00 UTC). Ask Us Anything!

Guests:

  • Kazu Akiyama, Jansky (postdoc) fellow at National Radio Astronomy Observatory and MIT Haystack Observatory, USA

    • Role: Imaging coordinator
  • Lindy Blackburn, Radio Astronomer, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA

    • Role: Leads data calibration and error analysis
  • Christiaan Brinkerink, Instrumentation Systems Engineer at Radboud RadioLab, Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, The Netherlands

    • Role: Observer in EHT from 2011-2015 at CARMA. High-resolution observations with the GMVA, at 86 GHz, on the supermassive Black Hole at the Galactic Center that are closely tied to EHT.
  • Paco Colomer, Director of Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE)

    • Role: JIVE staff have participated in the development of one of the three software pipelines used to analyse the EHT data.
  • Raquel Fraga Encinas, PhD candidate at Radboud University, The Netherlands

    • Role: Testing simulations developed by the EHT theory group. Making complementary multi-wavelength observations of Sagittarius A* with other arrays of radio telescopes to support EHT science. Investigating the properties of the plasma emission generated by black holes, in particular relativistic jets versus accretion disk models of emission. Outreach tasks.
  • Joseph Farah, Smithsonian Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA

    • Role: Imaging, Modeling, Theory, Software
  • Sara Issaoun, PhD student at Radboud University, the Netherlands

    • Role: Co-Coordinator of Paper II, data and imaging expert, major contributor of the data calibration process
  • Michael Janssen, PhD student at Radboud University, The Netherlands

    • Role: data and imaging expert, data calibration, developer of simulated data pipeline
  • Michael Johnson, Federal Astrophysicist, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA

    • Role: Coordinator of the Imaging Working Group
  • Chunchong Ni (Rufus Ni), PhD student, University of Waterloo, Canada

    • Role: Model comparison and feature extraction and scattering working group member
  • Dom Pesce, EHT Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA

    • Role: Developing and applying models and model-fitting techniques for quantifying measurements made from the data
  • Aleks PopStefanija, Research Assistant, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

    • Role: Development and installation of the 1mm VLBI receiver at LMT
  • Freek Roelofs, PhD student at Radboud University, the Netherlands

    • Role: simulations and imaging expert, developer of simulated data pipeline
  • Paul Tiede, PhD student, Perimeter Institute / University of Waterloo, Canada

    • Role: Member of the modeling and feature extraction teamed, fitting/exploring GRMHD, semi-analytical and GRMHD models. Currently, interested in using flares around the black hole at the center of our Galaxy to learn about accretion and gravitational physics.
  • Pablo Torne, IRAM astronomer, 30m telescope VLBI and pulsars, Spain

    • Role: Engineer and astronomer at IRAM, part of the team in charge of the technical setup and EHT observations from the IRAM 30-m Telescope on Sierra Nevada (Granada), in Spain. He helped with part of the calibration of those data and is now involved in efforts to try to find a pulsar orbiting the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sgr A*.
submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
[link] [comments]

[Biology] Do probiotics actually work?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 10:53 AM PDT

Full disclosure: I did study biochemistry and for that reason, I'm doubtful that probiotics actually work.

I do have friends who have started a probiotic regimen and have seen results. Does the science back this up?

submitted by /u/FunnyCaramel
[link] [comments]

Could something be truly instant?

Posted: 10 Apr 2019 04:26 AM PDT

Nothing is instant, right? Not even light is instant, and light is the fastest moving thing we know of, (except it isn't really because shadows are theoretically faster) so wouldn't that make nothing instant? But if I were to drop something, wouldn't it be instant? I mean like down to the smallest unit of measurement we know, would something falling that length theoretically move instantly because there is no way it could move faster, right?

submitted by /u/theosw
[link] [comments]

How do gravity waves attenuate through space? And are they dispersive?

Posted: 10 Apr 2019 12:23 AM PDT

Do they follow the inverse-square law?

submitted by /u/Chlorophilia
[link] [comments]

Do men get erections while under anesthesia during surgery like they do naturally when they sleep?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 03:17 PM PDT

Is there or was there ever any vertebrate with more than one brain?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 04:24 PM PDT

Are people really more likely to buy something that costs $19.95 vs $20.00?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 07:09 PM PDT

I've always figured that the odd pricing was given to have more people buy the product, since $20 is a more round number than $19. Is this the case? Is there evidence to back it up? Is something else completely different going on here?

submitted by /u/J-L-Picard
[link] [comments]

How can there be enough photons released from distant objects e.g. stars and galaxies to form a constant image for an observer on Earth? Does wave-particle duality explain it?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 02:59 PM PDT

Say you are looking at a star in the night sky, and you keep your eye focused on it while you step 1 metre to the left. While you move, the star would remain constant in your vision, surely meaning a stream of photons from that star was impacting your retina the entire time in every position while your head moved.

Wouldn't this would mean there are a near-infinite amount of photons being released at all times from all sources of light in order for them to impact every position in space like this? Is that possible?

Or is this explained by the fact light acts as both a wave and a particle?

I feel I must be massively misunderstanding how light works/travels.

submitted by /u/Fly_U_Fools
[link] [comments]

How is the Whammy! board truly random?

Posted: 10 Apr 2019 04:43 AM PDT

Two people (Todd Newton and Press Your Luck host Peter Tomarken) have both said that the board currently used in the game show Whammy! is truly "Larson-proof". From all that I've read about computers, true randomness doesn't exist in computing since they just take a set of inputs and produce the same result every time for that set of inputs; they're deterministic. Are they exaggerating the truth (i.e. they say so because the algorithm is far too complicated for an un-knowing human being to crack in a reasonable time by obsessively studying the board's behavior), or does the board actually rely on true randomness? The only plausible explanation I can come up with, if the behavior is indeed truly random, is that there is a human being behind the stage who's actively interfering with the board's light patterns.

submitted by /u/Misrta
[link] [comments]

At the beginning of the universe. How?

Posted: 10 Apr 2019 12:09 AM PDT

So the universe and all the matter/energy contained within is thought to have somehow popped into existence (or possibly a rebound from a Big Crunch, etc.). Assuming it to be this simple, why would it not form a singularity from which nothing could escape? I understand C is not wholly relevant, since space is able to expand however quickly it wants, but surely all of the matter within that space (albeit super freaking small) would still be subject to gravity and the effects of that kind of density (black hole). You don't need infinite density (singularity) to have a black hole, just enough mass close together, right? (Because the temperature gradient suggests there was no singularity) Just enough for the escape velocity to equal C. I'm fairly certain the mass of the entire universe, and an unbelievable amount more (matter/antimatter), in a subatomic space would fit the bill. Lol Is it thought the space in between all of this matter and energy is what expanded, therefore effectively decreasing density to the point where matter could move outward freely? But surely the current velocity of galaxies suggests it's the matter that had velocity at that moment? I understand matter wasn't really a thing this early, but energy technically has gravitational effects, no? I guess i'm missing a crucial piece of information, if we have it.

submitted by /u/JD32397
[link] [comments]

Does land gradually slope down to the bottom of the ocean, or is there an underwater cliff that separates the two?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 06:07 PM PDT

How does immunoglobulin therapy help to treat erythroblastosis fetalis?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 09:41 PM PDT

I don't understand how IgG anti Rh antibodies would help to treat erythroblastosis fetalis. Could someone explain?

submitted by /u/HouhoinKyoma
[link] [comments]

Once a plane breaks the sound barrier, does it become easier for them to accelerate to greater speeds?

Posted: 10 Apr 2019 12:48 AM PDT

I guess I was just wondering if the sound barrier acts as a literal physical barrier in regards to achieving supersonic speeds?

submitted by /u/Asanf
[link] [comments]

[Biology] Vampires and the sort are depicted as deathly photophobic. Are there examples of equally photophobic organisms in the real world? If so, what advantages do they get from this seeming handicap?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 05:06 PM PDT

Do travelling ocean animals like dolphins and whales know where in the ocean they are, or do they just wander? Do they keep track of their routes?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 01:01 PM PDT

Why does the event of two black-holes merging send large gravitational "ripples" across spacetime?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 07:27 AM PDT

I know that one of these events was used to confirm the existence of gravity waves, but do the two BH's actual merging emit waves that are stronger than are emitted in the aftermath of the event or is the "ripple" actually just the detectable start-point for the new SMBH's warping of space?

What puzzles me is that black-holes are already infinitely dense, so how could the pressure from the merger produce temporarily an even higher density?

submitted by /u/FanticalZappy
[link] [comments]

Remember “double-bouncing” someone on a trampoline? How does that work?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 08:35 AM PDT

If Antihistamines block the immune systems' response, how does it not hinder the body from dealing with attacks?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 09:03 AM PDT

What causes wind on other planets?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 04:50 PM PDT

Could a red dward form in a protoplanetary disk?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 03:32 PM PDT

A common way to distinguish between a large planet and a brown dwarf is the method of formation with a brown dwarf forming through the collapse of a nebula and a large planet forming around a star in the protoplanetary disk. Is it possible, or are there any confirmed cases, of a red dwarf forming the way a planet forms; from the material surrounding a (probably larger) star?

submitted by /u/Culo_Sucio
[link] [comments]

Can a plant be stung by a wasp/bee in a hurtful way?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 10:19 AM PDT

I just saw a Venus flytrap trap a wasp, and I saw the insect stinging away, also on the plant. Will this do something?

submitted by /u/DorpvanMartijn
[link] [comments]

What would happen if a large mass and a small black hole collided at extreme speeds?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 06:54 PM PDT

If a small black hole (eg the black hole from XTE J1650-500, or even larger) and a giant star (eg Betelgeuse) were speeding towards each other and directly collided, what would happen? Would the black hole be smashed apart/dissipate?

submitted by /u/kebiled_II
[link] [comments]

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

Do mosquitoes have a preference on blood type? Do some people have more “attractive” blood?

Do mosquitoes have a preference on blood type? Do some people have more “attractive” blood?


Do mosquitoes have a preference on blood type? Do some people have more “attractive” blood?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 08:20 PM PDT

How was Pi "discovered" and how was it plugged into formulae correctly? How was it able to be used before the invention of calculators?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 07:42 PM PDT

How are we able to take a picture of a black hole if they dont emit or reflect any light?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 01:06 AM PDT

Is a picture of a black hole the correct terminology?

submitted by /u/xjinxxz
[link] [comments]

Will all stars in the universe die eventually?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 01:30 AM PDT

I always tought that even if a star dies new ones will take its place and this process can go on forever. So will the stars cease to form and every other one will die?

submitted by /u/australopitecul
[link] [comments]

How large does a body of water have to be before rips/currents start to form?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 05:01 AM PDT

How do eyelashes “know” when to stop growing?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 05:29 AM PDT

What does the night sky of Saturn look like? [astronomy]

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 10:55 PM PDT

Can you see the rings? Do the moons look as big as ours in our night sky? What's the color of the night sky there?

submitted by /u/BarbD8
[link] [comments]

What happens if you kick a ball in space ?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 03:34 AM PDT

I am not any professional scientist but I am kinda inquisitive.I was wondering if the laws of newton ( Specifically the first law of motion ) would apply to any object in space.

submitted by /u/JustAnotherFunnyGuy
[link] [comments]

What would happen if all of the emptiness of space was entirely filled with the air we breathe? Would there be any strange reactions or catastrophic things that would happen?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 08:18 PM PDT

Why can't sulfate substitute sulfite in bisulfite test for aldehydes and ketones?

Posted: 09 Apr 2019 05:17 AM PDT

How do astronomers calculate the orbits of planets?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 05:04 PM PDT

Is there just one equation that shows where a planet should be or is it more complex than that?

submitted by /u/chipmunk100000
[link] [comments]

How the vaccine manufacturers verify if 100% of the viruses are inactivated into a vaccine? Its possible a active virus "pass" the inactivation in some way with the modern methods?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 07:30 PM PDT

Europa (A moon of Jupiter) is said to be constantly bombarded by radiation from Jupiter, where does this radiation come from?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 11:52 AM PDT

Why could trisomy 13 not be inherited, which mosaic trisomy 13 can be?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 08:17 PM PDT

Thank you in advance.

submitted by /u/Hanson2258
[link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: Upcoming breakthrough result from the Event Horizon Telescope

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 08:39 AM PDT

The European Commission, European Research Council, and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project will present a groundbreaking result from the EHT on 10 April 2019 at 15:00 CEST. The press conference will be streamed live at eso.org/live.

Some of the scientists behind the result will be available for an AMA session on 10 April, at 20:00 CEST (14:00 ET)

More details about the session will be revealed on 10 April, at 15:07 CEST (9:07 ET).

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
[link] [comments]

How does the uncertainty principal relate to quantum fields?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 02:53 PM PDT

The uncertainity principal states that the more you know about the position of a particle the less you know about its momentum and vice versa but that doesn't state anything about fields. The uncertainty principal also has something to do with quantum fluctuations and non commutativity but I don't understand this part of it too well. I know position and momentum don't commute but I am not sure why

submitted by /u/182637777
[link] [comments]

How exactly does exercise induced hypoglycaemia occur in Type-1 Diabetics?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 04:54 PM PDT

There seem to be mixed opinions on this as well as conflicting information on how exercise induced hypoglycaemia is effected by different types of exercise (lower intensity such as jogging and high intensity such as sprinting). Some of the papers I don't have access to, either, which further complicates the topic and makes it difficult to get an overview.

Can anyone help out?

Many thanks!

submitted by /u/NT202
[link] [comments]

What results from fusion of He-4 + neutron ?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 12:40 PM PDT

The following fusion sequence is well known:

deuterium(d) + tritium(t) → helium-5 → helium-4 + neutron

In this process the unstable helium-5 isotope is a required intermediate step in the process, that is, the d+ t fusion event does not go directly to He-4 + n, first a He-5 isotope must be formed.

My first question is, is there experimental evidence for the reverse process ? If yes, during the fusion of He-4 + n is the unstable He-5 isotope observed or does the process go directly to d + t ?

Second question. He-5 is unstable to alpha decay but is there experimental evidence to show that it is stable to beta decay ?

submitted by /u/Loquadi
[link] [comments]

How is the value of the US dollar calculated?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 06:42 AM PDT

Why does glue not stick to the inside of its bottle?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 09:28 AM PDT

How Does Global Warming Affect Hurricane Strength?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 05:35 PM PDT

Does a hurricanes strength increase from higher ocean temperatures alone, or does it require an increase in the difference between ocean water temperatures and the hurricane system itself? If the latter is true does that mean that average ocean temperatures will increase faster than average air temperature?

submitted by /u/troubled_duck
[link] [comments]

Monday, April 8, 2019

Will an Octopus Die If one or two of it hearts stop ? and Why ?

Will an Octopus Die If one or two of it hearts stop ? and Why ?


Will an Octopus Die If one or two of it hearts stop ? and Why ?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 04:07 AM PDT

Vast swathes of North America used to be an ocean, the Western Interior Seaway. If this is true, why are those lands not salted and inhospitable like other dried saltwater bodies that have left behind only barren salt pans?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 06:51 PM PDT

How far can the electricity spread when thunderbolt hits the ocean ? How close would you have to be to get hurt ?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 08:27 AM PDT

Would it be more fuel efficient to only ever fill the gas tank halfway?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 08:23 AM PDT

Gas must be pretty heavy, and adding that much extra weight into a car has to reduce the fuel efficiency to some extent. Would it be worth it to only ever fill the tank to half?

submitted by /u/arbitrary_aardvark
[link] [comments]

What was the diet of early humans? How did they know what foods were safe to eat?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 08:21 PM PDT

What did they survive off of on a daily basis and beyond that how did they know what plants were safe to eat?

submitted by /u/TehDMV
[link] [comments]

Do quarks have an electric or magnetic field associated with their fractional charge state?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 10:46 PM PDT

I've heard these quark things have a fractional charge, but do they have a magnetic / electric field associated with this charge?

Do they have a magnetic moment or electric moment?

If a quark is accelerated somehow, would it produce a electromagnetic wave?

Lastly, if you apply an electric field onto a proton, would the quarks polarize, like the way we learn that materials polarize when a constant electric field is applied across the material (the positive and negative charges move in a direction as to decrease the externally applied field)?

submitted by /u/datdutho
[link] [comments]

Are languages changing/developing faster or slower than they have in the past?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 08:43 PM PDT

What is the effect of pH on ion mobility?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 05:30 PM PDT

I am interested in the physical and chemical mechanisms that come into play when analyzing the mobility of nutrients in soil for gardening purpose.

submitted by /u/ThePsymon
[link] [comments]

In the new Netflix documentary called "Our Planet", a Western Parotia bird of paradise changes it's eye color from blue to yellow during a mating dance. How?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 07:23 PM PDT

Even more strange, I can't seem to find any references to this eye color change anywhere else on the internet, and yet I just watched it happen several times in its full 4K HDR glory.

Can anyone elaborate on this phenomenon?

Edit to include video link: https://youtu.be/rX40mBb8bkU?t=135

submitted by /u/nklim
[link] [comments]

Is there any limit to how powerful a cyclone (hurricane or tornado) can get before physics prevent further growth?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 06:39 PM PDT

I've googled this a few times but a lot of the articles I found were not published by actual scientists nor did they feature any citations to scientist's articles. I figured since there's got to be at least a couple of meteorological super sleuths on here I could get a final, clear cut verdict. I don't care if there's no theory on this yet, simply knowing if there is and if so what the theory is would be pretty helpful for my amateur storm chasing and meteorological studies (I do this for leisure, I'm currently an undergrad in high school who just studies weather from inside his home in Missouri) and shed some light on what I could theoretically expect to see when a true monster strikes the heartland.

submitted by /u/EatThatPusi445
[link] [comments]

In theory, would it be possible to create a whole other internet where the addresses don’t start with letters “www”?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 02:24 PM PDT

What happened if you tried to exercise with early pacemakers?

Posted: 08 Apr 2019 03:18 AM PDT

Not 100% sure if this fits here because I'm not looking for numbers or figures, but I don't know where else to post.

Studying physiology homework and the textbook tells me that modern pacemakers will artificially increase your heartbeat during exercise.

That kind of implies that previous generations of pacemakers didn't do that.

So if my understanding of that is correct - what would have happened if you did strenuous exercise that had a higher oxygen requirement that would usually trigger a faster heartbeat? Would you just get tired very quickly? Would you pass out from lack of oxygen? Would your body react the same way it would to anaerobic exercise (say, behaving as if you're sprinting when you're just jogging)? Would you wind up with more lactic acid/muscle pain? Or would something else happen?

submitted by /u/Echospite
[link] [comments]

How does a sociologist isolate socially constructed vs innate differences between behaviors of different sexes, races, ethnicity, etc?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 04:44 PM PDT

So for example, there is a large difference between the occupations women tend to choose and the occupations men tend to choose. How does a sociologist decide whether the differences are due to social constructs or whether men and women naturally prefer different occupations?

submitted by /u/testudos101
[link] [comments]

How does space debris impact earth's environment and atmosphere?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 02:01 PM PDT

I know that it affects our space travel and satellites but does it have any affect on our environment on earth?

submitted by /u/XBlackRookX
[link] [comments]

How does bacteria cause bleeding with a UTI (blood in urine)? Are they biting you?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 06:02 PM PDT

How directly is the bleeding in a UTI caused by bacteria? Are they drawing blood directly from your ureter/bladder or are they causing irritation great enough to draw blood through some mechanism like a pH imbalance?

The reason I am asking is because I am picturing little bugs inside poking with something sharp to draw blood directly. How else would the blood get there/ where is it coming from? My friend is thinking it's indirectly produced from irritation caused by some protein/chemical imbalance caused by the bacteria but neither of us have medical/biology background.

submitted by /u/abwright
[link] [comments]

Transparency: Pass-through or catch and release?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 07:34 PM PDT

When photons traverse through a transparent substance, do they actually pass through without interacting with the substance, or are they absorbed and re-released with the same direction and frequency? If they just pass straight through, then what causes photons to refract (deflect off of their straight line path).

submitted by /u/The_camperdave
[link] [comments]

Why does conductivity in a material (almost) always exclude transparency? What makes transparent and conducting materials different from usual conductors?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 02:56 PM PDT

What “characteristics” allow cryopreservation of embryos to be “reanimated” in assisted reproduction, but make reanimating a cryo preserved adult human something that exists only in science fiction?

Posted: 07 Apr 2019 12:52 PM PDT

I have a rudimentary understanding that the main difficulty in cryo comes from the prevention of the formation of ice crystals which can damage cell membranes. Obviously an adult has orders of magnitude more cells, which means orders of magnitude more water which can damage cells when frozen and subsequently thawed.

Can someone explain why we are able to achieve one and not the other? Is the difference at a molecular/cellular/ macro (tissue) level?

submitted by /u/z3roTO60
[link] [comments]