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Thursday, February 21, 2019

Does the gut bacteria of an alcoholic differ from a non drinker?

Does the gut bacteria of an alcoholic differ from a non drinker?


Does the gut bacteria of an alcoholic differ from a non drinker?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 12:24 PM PST

Mars rover Opportunity was built to last 90 days, and lasted 15 years. Voyager aircrafts were built for five year mission and lasted 41 years. Please explain if these crafts were over-designed or Nasa just got lucky?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 08:14 PM PST

Why do some electronic items continue working temporarily when unplugged?

Posted: 21 Feb 2019 12:57 AM PST

Speakers, lights etc on some electronic items continue emitting sounds or light for a fair few seconds when they're unplugged, why? You'd assume that when you turn the power off, they would stop immediately?

submitted by /u/Kellettuk
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Does a planet's rotation speed and distance from its star influence the precession of its axis? And can the earth's precession be seen as "normal" compared to other planets?

Posted: 21 Feb 2019 04:10 AM PST

I guess first off, do all/most planets with a tilted axis experience precession? And if so, is it usually in the same direction (clockwise or anticlockwise)?
What I'm really curious about is if a planet is tidally locked to its star, could it still experience precession which would in effect slowly shift the day-night line on the planet?
I'm aware that most planets tidally locked to their stars are under more extreme gravitational forces whether it be a larger star than the sun or an orbital distance much smaller than 1AU. How would these gravitational forces affect the precession?
And lastly, is there any theoretical "limit" to the speed of precession? I know for the earth it takes the axis ~26,000 years to complete a full circuit. Is it natural that this process takes so much longer than for the earth to complete a rotation or revolution or could a planet theoretically have a much shorter precession cycle and what kind of effects would such movement have on the planet itself?

Edit: sorry, the word "natural" in the last question was perhaps poorly chosen. I meant "typical".

submitted by /u/dochdaswars
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What Mammals become sexually mature the quickest?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 10:59 PM PST

And which have the shortest lifespans?

submitted by /u/paniniwar
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Why can't we have a perfectly monochromatic light?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 09:32 AM PST

In my textbook, it says that (in the context of the double slit experiment) that a perfectly monochromatic light will be ideal for the experiment, but that simply isn't possible to obtain, and a range of about 10-15 nm wavelength is used. Why can't we have an exact wavelength? Is it because of the imperfections in the way we produce the light or is it something more fundamental like the Uncertainty Principle?

submitted by /u/hyperclaw27
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Quantisation of space, energy, time fields. Is quantisation real?

Posted: 21 Feb 2019 12:04 AM PST

In this day and age, everything is quantised. Space, time, energy and fields. I find it hard to believe that they are quantised. We're taking values so small and saying that's the quantised minimum value of certain thing like there is amount of time which is the quantised value, where nothing happens. Similar with space and energy. If one divided up things so small, everything is quantised. Even fields are quantised.

My question is in quantisation of space, time, energy and fields, why can't the quantised values be lower than they are? If I make the Planck's constant lower than it already is, won't the science be consistent? Is all the stuff are really quantised at those values or is it just our science and technology can only go up to this extent?

submitted by /u/Thirdtwin
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Do children generally aquire language at similar ages across the world?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 10:46 PM PST

Obviously individual children grasp language at different rates but, on average,do children who's native language is more complex start to speak a little later than those who's native language is simpler?

submitted by /u/Wattle_fairy
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Why did the Pascal replace the Bar as the standard unit of measurement for atmospheric pressure?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 10:24 AM PST

Google was not useful; would anyone know the details?

Was it simply just a naming convention in honor of Blaise Pascal or is there more to this story?

submitted by /u/industrialprogress
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How much does the "particle in a box" model need to be modified to fully accurately represent the interior of an atom?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 10:15 PM PST

So I'm in a laboratory class for my physics major, and there's a number of things that I've not yet learned yet that would certainly help with analyzing the experiments I'm doing, namely basic quantum mechanics for the Ramsauer-Townsend experiment.

I don't know much about the "particle in a box" model since I haven't actually taken quantum at my university just yet, but doing my own readings, I know that it's a very simple model, that it uses matching boundary conditions and the Schrodinger equation to draw conclusions such as how and when the Ramsauer-Townsend effect occurs, and that an actual atom will have a fuzzy nucleus that is three-dimensional which the model doesn't account for.

That got me thinking about the question in the title: How to modify the "particle in a box" model to more accurately or even fully describe the interior of an atom, and not just a noble gas atom.

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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There is a small fan on helicopters' tail. What is the purpose of that fan as it already has one big fan?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 09:25 PM PST

Why are some animals who lay eggs still called mammals?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 03:07 PM PST

Such as a platypus. Why aren't they classified as something else?

submitted by /u/Mr-Italy-Man
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Is the (still unobserved) “glueball” (i.e. a gluon-gluon pair) a suitable potential candidate for dark matter?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 09:43 AM PST

Difference between combustion and explosions?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 01:49 PM PST

So from what I understand, in the combustion chamber of a rocket the oxidizer and fuel, like LOX and H2 get sprayed in so that they react, because collision theory. However what I don't understand, is that I read in some sites that the reactions are explosions, not combustion taking place.

If someone could explain this that would be great!

submitted by /u/Kreeemsicle
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Seeing a lot of vaccine drama over an update in the CDC's contraindications for the MMR Vaccine. Why did they make the change?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 08:55 AM PST

Here is the source: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.html

In early February they added the following to the list of reasons why someone should not get the vaccine.:

  • Has a parent, brother, or sister with a history of immune system problems.

A lot of anti-vaccine publications are running away with this because it's so vague. Is the idea of this statement:

1) anyone with any family history of immune system problems is at risk for complications OR

2) It is a bad idea to immunize your child with MMR to avoid exposing immunocompromised family members.

Anyone in the medical community have any idea why this changed?

submitted by /u/jhchex
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Do non-food items contain calories? How do we calculate that?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 12:33 PM PST

With eating disorders like PICA, or compulsive skin/hair picking disorders derived from OCD like dermatophagia or trichotillomania in which a person is compelled to bite and eat their nails, skin, hair, etc, what, if any, is the nutritional value of consuming such products?

submitted by /u/IBleedItOutDigDeeper
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Why don't antibiotics prevent secondary bacterial infections if taken prophylactically during a viral infection?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 11:43 AM PST

This Mayo Clinic article quotes a doctor saying :

"Taking antibiotics, which only work against bacteria and not viruses, during a cold or flu does not prevent you from developing a secondary bacterial infection and can cause serious harm."

https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/infectious-diseases-flu-versus-the-common-cold/

Secondary infections occur because the body is weakened by the primary infection and can't fight the spread of bacteria. Wouldn't antibiotics prevent the bacteria from getting a toehold and starting to multiply in the first place?

submitted by /u/madherring
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Wednesday, February 20, 2019

How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction?

How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction?


How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 03:40 PM PST

Why can we understand a language but not speak it?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 05:03 AM PST

For example, my parents are Arabic, we can all speak it pretty well except for my brother, he understands perfectly what we say, but he answers in a different language, he didn't grow up in a different environment than ours, so I was wondering how is it possible to understand a language but not being able to talk it. P.S. I don't know if the flair is correct, if it's wrong can the mods change it?

submitted by /u/ReallyIntoIcedTea
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How did the suez canal affect the Mediterranean and the red sea?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 07:46 AM PST

So how did it affect these?

I don't mean how it affected humankind but did it create a new current? Did it bring fish and other sea life from one to the other and has it flourished?

Basically how did it affect nature? Or did it simply not?

submitted by /u/DeafeningMilk
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How long ago did the platypus split off from other mammals? Why does the platypus have several distinct features not found elsewhere in combination? What genetic or fossil evidence supports the theories?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 12:04 AM PST

AskScience AMA Series: We are Massive Science. We're closing the gap between scientists and the public. We're here to answer your questions about science communication and the best ways to merge art and science. AUA!

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 04:00 AM PST

Writing about science is hard. How do you get people to read and care about, let alone believe in, scientific research? We're Nadja Oertelt and Allan Lasser. In 2017 we founded Massive Science, a science media company. We had the idea that scientists could work closer with real editors to tell more interesting and accurate stories themselves. We're creating new opportunities for scientists in storytelling and communication so the public can get access to insights only they have. Joining us are our two scientist editors, Dan Samorodnitsky and Gabi Serrato-Marks, as well as some members of our science community. AUA!

PS: Don't forget to sign up for our newsletter here!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What type of protection do astronauts have from cosmic radiation while in space and how effective is it?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 05:47 AM PST

does amount of self-esteem and amount of compassion have some relation?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 01:56 AM PST

Are stars in different locations than we perceive?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 10:23 PM PST

I was listening to a podcast and it got me thinking, how much does gravity effect starlight? Is our perception of a stars location altered by gravity?

submitted by /u/cornu63
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 07:11 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Are there any known logical paradoxes in 3 valued logic systems?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 06:54 AM PST

Many logical paradoxes seem to resolve with the edition of a "null" truth value, like the Liar's Paradox. It just made curious if adding a third values solves all known paradoxes, or if it's sort of like trying to slay a hydra and more stuff just keep cropping up.

submitted by /u/iaswob
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Why do we get brain Freeze?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 09:03 PM PST

Why do eukaryotes have introns?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 05:38 AM PST

Why do prokaryotes not? Introns early? Late? Somewhere in between?

submitted by /u/mouldymushrooms
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How common is egg temperature sex selection in reptiles? What evolutionary advantages does this confer?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 04:24 PM PST

I'm aware that in some large reptiles (alligators, crocodiles, sea turtles) the sex of individuals is determined by the average egg temperature rather than X/Y chromosomes or other similar mechanism. Is this very common amongst reptiles?

I'm also curious about how this trait developed. Are there some advantages to having more males/females born when it is warmer or cooler? Perhaps food availability relative to future breeding conditions?

On a side note, I'm assuming that global warming is going to start negatively impacting these species' demographics, if it hasn't already.

submitted by /u/PsychoPhrog
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If it takes approximately three days to get to the moon. How much of that time would be spent decelerating to make a safe landing?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 09:15 PM PST

Do planetary rings rise and set from the perspective of someone on the surface of a planet?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 07:51 PM PST

If I were standing on the surface of Saturn and there were no clouds between me and the rings, would they move in reference to me? The Earth's moon rises and sets but would rings do the same thing?

submitted by /u/Valjeann
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How does acetic acid (vinegar) work to kill off bacteria and germs? Why won't it kill off your good gut bacteria?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 08:32 PM PST

Who discovered the optical prism? How?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST

I'm aware of Newton's discoveries using the prism, I'm asking how the prism itself came to be. Was it just by chance someone came across the prisms shape?

So far my googling has only turned up Newton's results and how he discovered the spectrum of colors.

Thank you in advance.

submitted by /u/wvurower
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How are mountain ridges formed?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 10:34 PM PST

Can a pendulum clock run in centrifugal artificial gravity?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 01:01 PM PST

On theoretical space habitats where gravity is simulated by the habitat being a spinning ring where 'down' is 'out', would a pendulum clock like a grandfather clock be able to run? It's been a while since high school physic but as far as I can tell the (main? only?) forces acting on the clock would be the acceleration to the side from it's outward movement being deflected and possibly normal force with the floor but I think they might be the same force in this case.

So, without the constant acceleration from gravity but with the as far as I can guess constant centrifugal force would a pendulum clock work? Would you have to mount it on an angle because 'gravity' wouldn't go straight down? Could a pendulum of a given length have a different period because of the potential difference in magnitude of the centrifugal force compared to gravity?

submitted by /u/gooby_the_shooby
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how are the Inflammatory response and depression linked?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 05:49 PM PST

I am analyzing a study "Depressive-Like Behavior, its Sensitization, Social Buffering and Altered Cytokine Responses in Rhesus Macaques Moved from Outdoor Social Groups to Indoor Housing" it talks a lot about interleukin-1β plus tumour necrosis factor-α but i am having trouble understanding their relationship in depression. How would increased inflammatory markers be a sign of depression? How are they related?

submitted by /u/oneofthewaiting
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Do masculine and feminine nouns in romance languages shape gender roles in those countries where it's primarily spoken?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 09:16 AM PST

I know that all nouns in Spanish are masculine and feminine but some occupations like lawyer is"el abogado" and teacher is " la profesora". Does that affect gender roles in those countries? Are men more likely to become lawyers because of the association of lawyer with men via the noun (same with women and teachers)?

Not sure of the occupational demographics of those countries so these terms could be bad examples.

Marking this a social science since it deals with more in the realm of sociology more than linguistics but I would really love to know the origin of these nouns as well!

submitted by /u/Guardian_Of_Pigs
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How does flash photography affect paintings?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 12:29 PM PST

How often do we expect to see new stars?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 12:52 AM PST

After reading that "What's at the edge of the universe" article on Gizmodo this week, I got to wondering: Based on the distribution of known stars, how often would we expect new ones to become visible? Assuming we pointed a telescope at a specific spot in the sky and captured an image today of all of the stars in its field, how long would we expect it to take before a snapshot of the same section of sky showed something new (to us)? Understanding that the nearest star to our solar system is 4.3 light years away, would we expect to see something new ~ every 4 years? Much longer? Much shorter?

submitted by /u/Stig707
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Tuesday, February 19, 2019

Do men and women have different wrinkle patterns due to genetic or facial expression dimorphisms?

Do men and women have different wrinkle patterns due to genetic or facial expression dimorphisms?


Do men and women have different wrinkle patterns due to genetic or facial expression dimorphisms?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 08:32 AM PST

How do islands, created entirely from volcanic activity, eventually become fertile? How does the volcanic glass deteriorate into fertile soil?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 08:20 AM PST

Why do advances in animal models rarely translate to equally functional & effective therapies?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 05:38 AM PST

I understand that there are fundamental differences in biology between animal models and humans. However, I don't think I have a clear answer as to what broad categories of issues might be responsible for the aforementioned failure of successes in animal models to translate to human therapeutics and I was hoping someone could explain. Enormous amounts of funding go to these therapeutic developments each year, surely someone must have discussed this discrepancy.

submitted by /u/ambystom4
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How are electromagnetic waves used to detect aircraft?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 03:22 AM PST

Pretty much what the title says - I'm wondering about the way in which electromagnetics can be used to detect things such as aircraft and missiles? And what types of commonly used electromagnetic 'fields' (if this is the right term) there are?

Thanks

submitted by /u/fenbug
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Medicine where a side effect is weight gain- does the medicine increase your appetite, or slow down your metabolism?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 04:21 AM PST

does the torque required to pop a wheelie change with wheelbase?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 06:36 AM PST

I know the basics of a vehicle getting front tires off the ground. Changing the weight balance and guaranteeing a lot of traction. My question is as the title says, torque.

submitted by /u/Hrdcorjewsbox
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Can someone with multiple personality disorder develop different physiological characteristics (allergies, for example) for different personalities?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 06:35 AM PST

It is said that altitude sickness generally sets in at around 8,000 feet. If someone lives above sea level (say 5,000 feet or so) do they have to go higher before experiencing altitude sickness?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 03:42 PM PST

I'm wondering if someone who lives higher up (but below the "normal" threshold for altitude sickness) has a higher tolerance than someone living at sea level. For instance, it might take the average person living at 5,000 to go up to 12,000 feet to really feel the effects instead of 8,000. Or even more interesting, would someone who lives at 1,000-2,000 feet (which is very low still) have a slightly higher tolerance vs. someone who lives at sea level? Or is it totally irrelevant and you don't start acclimatizing until 8,000 feet or so?

submitted by /u/LicensedAttorney2016
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What is DDos? And how does a 'DDos protection service' like CloudFlare work?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 10:38 PM PST

What is the sound of the "crack" of a baseball bat?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 01:45 PM PST

Spring training is upon us as are the sights and sounds of baseball. One of the most recognizable sounds is the sound made when the bat makes contact with the ball. Its a great sound to anyone who loves baseball. I was curious though, what is that sound, and what is happening there? Also why the sound is slightly, for lack of a better word, different when it comes to certain players? Thanks for any help on this and continuing to count down the days until April!

submitted by /u/Zoomspoon
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Black Holes exist under every solar system or just spread around the universe without any same location? (Sorry for the bad English, I am Brazilian)

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 05:37 AM PST

Edit: I am not saying all Brazilians don't speak well English and also I am using Grammarly.

submitted by /u/LFDA1411
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What is the reason people aren’t supposed to eat very much after starving for a prolonged period?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 12:45 PM PST

How exactly does the body "burn" fat?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 05:22 AM PST

Is it transformed to something else? Is it eliminated from the body?

submitted by /u/NachoSpy01
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Why is the potential difference across a diode constant after breakdown voltage even if the battery voltage is increased?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 12:21 AM PST

What happens to our body when we train ourselves to hold our breathe for longer periods of time?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 09:46 PM PST

Chemically, what makes a substance a good lubricant?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 06:26 AM PST

What material to use for IR reflector?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 02:43 AM PST

I need a very reflective material in the NIR-spectrum (about 850nm) but easily deformable like a plastic.

I know this is not the right subreddit for it but it's the best I know and it's not against the rules.

submitted by /u/Shrevel
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What happens to animals that migrate to spawning grounds they came from if those same spawning grounds have now disappeared?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 06:57 PM PST

Let's say a new dam went up, or a landslide, or some other event took away spawning grounds. Do those animals just find the nearest one to that?

submitted by /u/jimmy__jazz
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Are larger numbers "closer" to infinity?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 01:50 PM PST

For example: is 10 closer to infinity than 1?

submitted by /u/DtownMaverick
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How do doctors know the prescription for glasses for babies/children who are too young to do the usual sight tests?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 07:18 AM PST

Can we completely replace someone’s blood with another person’s blood? Assuming compatible blood types, what are other conditions?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 01:16 PM PST

Is the moon in perpetual motion? Can we create a perpetual motion using Earth's orbit, or at least something very close to it?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 01:28 AM PST

We can't achieve a perpetual system due to entropy. What about something like the moon? Throughout human history, has it distanced itself in anyway from the Earth?

And do satellites stay up there forever?

submitted by /u/oxhaed
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How do plants heal damaged tissue?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 03:37 PM PST

How do rockets keep themselves stable during liftoff when the main source of thrust if coming from the bottom?

Posted: 18 Feb 2019 10:58 AM PST

I always imagined it like balancing a pencil on the table, but what keeps the rocket from tipping over?

submitted by /u/itisme123see
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