How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, February 20, 2019

How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction?

How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction?


How are underwater tunnels built? (Such as the one from Copenhagen to Malmö) Additionally, what steps and precautions are taken to ensure it will not flood both during and after construction?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 03:40 PM PST

Why can we understand a language but not speak it?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 05:03 AM PST

For example, my parents are Arabic, we can all speak it pretty well except for my brother, he understands perfectly what we say, but he answers in a different language, he didn't grow up in a different environment than ours, so I was wondering how is it possible to understand a language but not being able to talk it. P.S. I don't know if the flair is correct, if it's wrong can the mods change it?

submitted by /u/ReallyIntoIcedTea
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How did the suez canal affect the Mediterranean and the red sea?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 07:46 AM PST

So how did it affect these?

I don't mean how it affected humankind but did it create a new current? Did it bring fish and other sea life from one to the other and has it flourished?

Basically how did it affect nature? Or did it simply not?

submitted by /u/DeafeningMilk
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How long ago did the platypus split off from other mammals? Why does the platypus have several distinct features not found elsewhere in combination? What genetic or fossil evidence supports the theories?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 12:04 AM PST

AskScience AMA Series: We are Massive Science. We're closing the gap between scientists and the public. We're here to answer your questions about science communication and the best ways to merge art and science. AUA!

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 04:00 AM PST

Writing about science is hard. How do you get people to read and care about, let alone believe in, scientific research? We're Nadja Oertelt and Allan Lasser. In 2017 we founded Massive Science, a science media company. We had the idea that scientists could work closer with real editors to tell more interesting and accurate stories themselves. We're creating new opportunities for scientists in storytelling and communication so the public can get access to insights only they have. Joining us are our two scientist editors, Dan Samorodnitsky and Gabi Serrato-Marks, as well as some members of our science community. AUA!

PS: Don't forget to sign up for our newsletter here!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What type of protection do astronauts have from cosmic radiation while in space and how effective is it?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 05:47 AM PST

does amount of self-esteem and amount of compassion have some relation?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 01:56 AM PST

Are stars in different locations than we perceive?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 10:23 PM PST

I was listening to a podcast and it got me thinking, how much does gravity effect starlight? Is our perception of a stars location altered by gravity?

submitted by /u/cornu63
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 07:11 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Are there any known logical paradoxes in 3 valued logic systems?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 06:54 AM PST

Many logical paradoxes seem to resolve with the edition of a "null" truth value, like the Liar's Paradox. It just made curious if adding a third values solves all known paradoxes, or if it's sort of like trying to slay a hydra and more stuff just keep cropping up.

submitted by /u/iaswob
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Why do we get brain Freeze?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 09:03 PM PST

Why do eukaryotes have introns?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 05:38 AM PST

Why do prokaryotes not? Introns early? Late? Somewhere in between?

submitted by /u/mouldymushrooms
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How common is egg temperature sex selection in reptiles? What evolutionary advantages does this confer?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 04:24 PM PST

I'm aware that in some large reptiles (alligators, crocodiles, sea turtles) the sex of individuals is determined by the average egg temperature rather than X/Y chromosomes or other similar mechanism. Is this very common amongst reptiles?

I'm also curious about how this trait developed. Are there some advantages to having more males/females born when it is warmer or cooler? Perhaps food availability relative to future breeding conditions?

On a side note, I'm assuming that global warming is going to start negatively impacting these species' demographics, if it hasn't already.

submitted by /u/PsychoPhrog
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If it takes approximately three days to get to the moon. How much of that time would be spent decelerating to make a safe landing?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 09:15 PM PST

Do planetary rings rise and set from the perspective of someone on the surface of a planet?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 07:51 PM PST

If I were standing on the surface of Saturn and there were no clouds between me and the rings, would they move in reference to me? The Earth's moon rises and sets but would rings do the same thing?

submitted by /u/Valjeann
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How does acetic acid (vinegar) work to kill off bacteria and germs? Why won't it kill off your good gut bacteria?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 08:32 PM PST

Who discovered the optical prism? How?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST

I'm aware of Newton's discoveries using the prism, I'm asking how the prism itself came to be. Was it just by chance someone came across the prisms shape?

So far my googling has only turned up Newton's results and how he discovered the spectrum of colors.

Thank you in advance.

submitted by /u/wvurower
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How are mountain ridges formed?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 10:34 PM PST

Can a pendulum clock run in centrifugal artificial gravity?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 01:01 PM PST

On theoretical space habitats where gravity is simulated by the habitat being a spinning ring where 'down' is 'out', would a pendulum clock like a grandfather clock be able to run? It's been a while since high school physic but as far as I can tell the (main? only?) forces acting on the clock would be the acceleration to the side from it's outward movement being deflected and possibly normal force with the floor but I think they might be the same force in this case.

So, without the constant acceleration from gravity but with the as far as I can guess constant centrifugal force would a pendulum clock work? Would you have to mount it on an angle because 'gravity' wouldn't go straight down? Could a pendulum of a given length have a different period because of the potential difference in magnitude of the centrifugal force compared to gravity?

submitted by /u/gooby_the_shooby
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how are the Inflammatory response and depression linked?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 05:49 PM PST

I am analyzing a study "Depressive-Like Behavior, its Sensitization, Social Buffering and Altered Cytokine Responses in Rhesus Macaques Moved from Outdoor Social Groups to Indoor Housing" it talks a lot about interleukin-1β plus tumour necrosis factor-α but i am having trouble understanding their relationship in depression. How would increased inflammatory markers be a sign of depression? How are they related?

submitted by /u/oneofthewaiting
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Do masculine and feminine nouns in romance languages shape gender roles in those countries where it's primarily spoken?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 09:16 AM PST

I know that all nouns in Spanish are masculine and feminine but some occupations like lawyer is"el abogado" and teacher is " la profesora". Does that affect gender roles in those countries? Are men more likely to become lawyers because of the association of lawyer with men via the noun (same with women and teachers)?

Not sure of the occupational demographics of those countries so these terms could be bad examples.

Marking this a social science since it deals with more in the realm of sociology more than linguistics but I would really love to know the origin of these nouns as well!

submitted by /u/Guardian_Of_Pigs
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How does flash photography affect paintings?

Posted: 19 Feb 2019 12:29 PM PST

How often do we expect to see new stars?

Posted: 20 Feb 2019 12:52 AM PST

After reading that "What's at the edge of the universe" article on Gizmodo this week, I got to wondering: Based on the distribution of known stars, how often would we expect new ones to become visible? Assuming we pointed a telescope at a specific spot in the sky and captured an image today of all of the stars in its field, how long would we expect it to take before a snapshot of the same section of sky showed something new (to us)? Understanding that the nearest star to our solar system is 4.3 light years away, would we expect to see something new ~ every 4 years? Much longer? Much shorter?

submitted by /u/Stig707
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