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Saturday, February 9, 2019

How do we know how far away the planets are from the sun?

How do we know how far away the planets are from the sun?


How do we know how far away the planets are from the sun?

Posted: 09 Feb 2019 06:05 AM PST

I know that distances can be measured by laser but only if it gets reflected on the object, so that wouldnt work quite well I guess? How do we find out the exact distance between planets and the sun or other astronomical objects without sending a probe that is kept track of? I cant think of any other method to measure such long distances and when I asked my father about it he didnt really know either, he just said that it could maybe be derived by the planets weight and how fast it moves, but how do we know the weight?

(I am sorry for my lack of english skills and hope that this isnt a dumb and silly question)

submitted by /u/throwawayvae
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Did they have to bring the air up to the international space station?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 04:43 PM PST

how did they get the air to the international space station?

submitted by /u/New-Backwood
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What were the long term environmental effects of the burning oil fields in Kuwait?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 06:09 PM PST

I heard 5,000,000 gallons a day burned, spewing toxic fumes and soot into the environment. Not to mention the oil on the surface seeping into the ground. What are the effects of that disastrous situation?

submitted by /u/re_Pete
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After DNA replication, what prevents the newly replicated daughter DNA strands from being replicated once again?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:06 PM PST

My best guess is that there is a marker or signal protein that tells the difference between old and new DNA strands, however a Google search doesn't bring up anything nor does my Biology teacher know.

submitted by /u/StillSuspicious
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Do bugs take fall damage?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 08:49 AM PST

I'm genuinely curious lol

submitted by /u/gamesarealliknow
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Is it necessary for a developing fetus to have the same blood type as its mother?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 03:34 PM PST

I know that blood circulation meets between the mother and fetus in the placenta. Since having a different blood type introduced into a person's system can sometimes induce hemolysis, does that mean a mother and child must share a blood type to avoid potentially fatal conditions?

submitted by /u/5259283
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Do "new" stars appear in the sky as the light from distant stars reaches us?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:27 PM PST

Basically was just wondering if there are more stars visible in the sky than there were say a billion years ago, or if maybe the expansion of the universe and the increasing distance between stars counteracts the light traveling towards us so that stars whose light hasn't reached us yet won't actually reach us, or... Yeah. And if "new" stars are "appearing" in the sky, would the night sky eventually be extremely bright as the amount of space in which no stars are visible gets less and less? I don't know very much about cosmology, but am currently learning as much as I can about it, and was just curious about this. Thanks.

submitted by /u/mattsh123
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How are extremely low temperatures measured?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 06:20 PM PST

Such as when MIT cooled molecules in a gas of sodium potassium to a temperature of 500nK.

Non-contact measurements systems like lasers would impart heat, so what is used?

submitted by /u/toolemeister
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Do people living in hot climates have less issues with high blood pressure due to salt lost in sweating?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:46 PM PST

NaCl has a major role in raising blood pressure, so i figured that losing it constantly in sweating could bring some benefits, but i could not find any paper on the topic.

submitted by /u/praetor-fenix
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Can solar systems gain escape velocity from a galaxy?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 02:28 PM PST

For example....during a galactic collision, can outer fringe star systems be accelerated and flung out into intergalactic space/aimlessly roam until they find a new host galaxy?

submitted by /u/esullivan02
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Can (How can) vaccinated individuals get (insert disease here) from unvaccinated individuals?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 12:01 PM PST

I hear a lot about how dangerous it is for people to leave their children unvaccinated. There have also been cases of measles outbreak, but from what I understand, not only the unvaccinated but also the vaccinated children get it. How? Haven't they been immunized to the disease? Or am I missing something?

submitted by /u/Calathe
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What was the genealogical/demographical impact of people killed as a result of WW2?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:21 PM PST

A glance on Wikipedia shows that it's estimated up to 85 million people died as a result of the global conflict. Are there changes in the global population, or specific groups, that can be attributed to the sudden (in generational terms) loss of than many people? I'm sure the Holocaust had a significant impact, what else has been learned about this?

submitted by /u/Hectate
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Why doesn't the phase velocity of light carry useful information?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 10:55 AM PST

I've been looking around the internet and can't find a satisfactory answer. I was thinking about how dielectrics slow down the group velocity of light, but not the phase velocity, and then wondering if that would violate causality in some way. Apparently, the reason why it doesn't violate causality is because a pure sine wave doesn't carry any useful information because all it gives is a frequency. In the context of practical uses, it may not be very useful since there's no information about phase or amplitude, but in the context of photons however, it seems like there's enough information to know a lot. You know the energy using Planck's relationship E=hf, and you know the wavelength by the relationship c=lambdaf. What's missing?

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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What causes earthquakes that are nowhere near a tectonic plate boundary?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 09:13 AM PST

I live in Sudbury, Ontario and in the last two days we have had two relatively small earthquakes. 1 2

Could these be related to mining activity in the area?

submitted by /u/PM_ME_A__THUMBS_UP
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Why is ice less dense than liquid water?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 07:27 PM PST

How far do supernovas expand?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 11:50 AM PST

What is the difference between quantum entanglement and a classical analogon? (see description)

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 12:59 PM PST

Let's say we generate a pair of entangled photons and measure the state of one of the photons. It is often said that the other photon then immedietaly takes the opposite state, which is the "spooky action" that Einstein described.

Now lets say I have two classical objects, one white and one black and throw them blindly in opposite directions. I don't know which object I threw where but if I find one of the objects and see its color I immediately know the color of the other object. Where is the difference to quantum entanglement? Why is quantum entanglement so spooky? Is it just in the maths or is there some way to describe it visually?

submitted by /u/nonicknamefornic
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What is the maximum temperature we as humans were able to measure anywhere in universe?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 08:10 AM PST

How and why does the curvature of a lens affect light?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 08:51 AM PST

Does the regularity of a person’s diet have an impact on their gut biome?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:28 PM PST

For example, are there any correlations between people that eat diverse meals and a more diverse biome? If so, is this correlated with a healthier gut?

submitted by /u/TheFlyingDP
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Friday, February 8, 2019

Can the body naturally clean fat from arteries?

Can the body naturally clean fat from arteries?


Can the body naturally clean fat from arteries?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 06:47 AM PST

Assuming one is fairly active and has a fairly healthy diet.

Or once the fat sets in, it's there for life?

Can the blood vessels ever reach peak condition again?

submitted by /u/Naygen
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Do we defecate our food in the order of which we ate it?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 06:29 AM PST

For example if i ate a piece of bread after shitting, will the first thing that comes out in my next shitting be the remains of that piece of bread?

The wording is probably bad hope yall can understand all this

submitted by /u/yjlam
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when mammals develop in the womb of the mother they get their oxygen and blood flow from the mother right? so my question is where does the oxygen and blood flow come for birds and other species that develop in an egg?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 08:38 PM PST

Antibiotic medications can give rise to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The medicine doesn't distinguish between good and bad bacteria. Doesn't that imply that antibiotic use will result in antibiotic-resistant "good" bacteria also? More powerful gut bacteria can improve immunity.

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 06:48 AM PST

Has all the infrastructure built for mining bitcoin whose price has since collapsed led to a glut of cloud computing power and a drop in price for other uses?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:28 AM PST

I apologise if this is the wrong sub. This is an interdisciplinary question so I'm not sure where to ask.

submitted by /u/JohnnyFiveFIngers
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What makes the International Space Station or any other object stay in a precise planetary orbit?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 09:56 PM PST

It seems exceedingly unlikely for an object to have the perfect velocity to stay in a set orbit. And yet the International Space Station has been in orbit for decades. Is the ISS constantly adjusting itself to correct its velocity, or does gravity act as a self-correcting feedback loop to sustain a relatively constant orbit?

submitted by /u/1917-was-lit
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Is there a way of knowing what the geographical state would be in future of any continent or land mass?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 03:20 AM PST

For example, countries like US and Australia have a huge desert like vegetation in many parts. What would be the future of such places? Are they gonna get drier or otherwise?

submitted by /u/asatomasadgamaya
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Quick question. Why is the graph of the boiling points for alkanes non linear?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 02:01 AM PST

How is the speed of sound in water and its density related?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 09:38 PM PST

Maybe a bit of a dry topic but I'm interested in the relationship between the speed of sound in water and the density of the water. I've had a good look around the internet but can't seem to find it - possibly not searching the right thing.

The end goal here is using a sound speed profile to determine how the buoyancy of an object changes as it moves vertically through the water column. And, to bound this, in conditions possibly experienced in the ocean (e.g. 0-40 deg, 1000-1030kg/m2, 0-500m).

submitted by /u/SilentKaos713
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How do amino acids from food enter cells and become proteins?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 05:05 AM PST

I'm not asking about the translation steps, but about how amino acids actually enter the body. If we get amino acids from food, do they get broken down more and then remade? Do they just float into the cytoplasm? How does a cell "grab" a specific amino acid to use to make a protein?

submitted by /u/climatechange1ah
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Why isn't the olfactory sense processed like the other senses?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 04:11 AM PST

All afferent sensory information has to synapse in the thalamus before reaching its respective cortical areA, but the olfactory sense does not?

Another question: Which of the senses 'came first', i would imagine olfactory receptors being the oldest as they are exclusively GPCRs.

Thanks beforehand

submitted by /u/pitroms
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What force does quantum entanglement use?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 07:39 AM PST

As mentioned in the title, do we know what force is responsible for quantum entanglement?

submitted by /u/innaison
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How effective is the 1-10 pain scale in triaging/diagnosis?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 10:19 AM PST

I know that this scale is useful measuring a specific pain over time, but is it of any value the first time a patient is asked?

I'm wondering because not only is pain of course subjective from person to person, but based on that individual's experience a current "5" may be completely different than a "5" last month. For example, I had a kidney stone and I can't imagine anything will ever be comparable to that pain, so I wouldn't rate current instances "against" that.

submitted by /u/sheepthechicken
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Why can’t fog form near the ground if it’s windy but clouds can form in the atmosphere where it’s much windier?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 04:21 PM PST

If wave function collapse occurs when the wave function is observed or interacts with the 'external world,' how can we know it was in a superpositioned state before observation?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 04:35 PM PST

If the universe is expanding, why cant we determine our position in the universe based on the speed in each direction?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 10:36 PM PST

How did organisms evolve skeletons?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 08:54 PM PST

I understand that at some point ( a VERY long time ago.) multicellular organisms split into invertebrates and vertebrates. However, how did something as complex as the internal skeleton (or for the sake of asking, exoskeleton) evolve? Was the exoskeleton a precursor to the internal skeleton or did they evolve independently? Was there as some point an organism with a partial skeleton?

submitted by /u/JacyVuno
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Does frequent REM sleep (or just having many vivid dreams in one night) effect quality of sleep?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 01:29 AM PST

I used to (up until 2 years ago) often wake up many times during the night (every 3-4 hours), all after a vivid dream. I grew to love it due to me being able to enjoy being snuggled up in bed longer, but I'm curious as to whether this would have effected my quality of sleep overall? Even though I always got 8 hours of sleep or so.

submitted by /u/Pugblep
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How can we measure the no of electrons in an atom?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 04:43 AM PST

Like I saw a post which showed latest image of DNA but it was still very clumpsy. Then how can we know things like no of electrons and bond lengths? Like before Mendeleev and now? Thanks.

submitted by /u/ashwinkafle
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Will a transplant limb work on its own DNA or adapt to the patients DNA?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 10:11 PM PST

So if you got a hairy hand put on your right arm but your original hand was not as hairy. Or would a slightly darker natural tone eventually even out? Or will it always be obvious?

submitted by /u/chriscroc420
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How does the Monty Hall problem work?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 07:14 PM PST

If you don't know what this refers to, look it up. My question is, why in a mathematical proof, does switching doors increase your odds? I mean if you started with three doors, picked one and now have two doors to pick from, why isn't it 50/50? Some of you might say, "Oh, but you started out with three choices." Here's the thing, let's say I give you a six sided dice. A 1/6 chance. You roll it and I switch it out for a quarter and ask you to flip. A 1/2 chance. How in any way does the quarter influence the odds of the dice or vice versa?

submitted by /u/Idiewithoutregret
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If there are red, yellow, blue, white, and "brown" stars, why arent there any other colors?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 08:16 PM PST

More specifically, why aren't there any green stars?

submitted by /u/sassy_the_panda
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How do people go to ISS from Earth and how they return?

Posted: 08 Feb 2019 03:37 AM PST

Any video showing the process?

Also, what is the purpose of ISS?

submitted by /u/GoodProgrammer2018
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How quickly does our digestive system process fats?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 03:40 PM PST

Basically what the title says.

I have noticed that I often have to poop half an hour after eating. I know that food isn't processed that fast, and I don't think that I eat that regularly for it to be from a few days ago.

It tends to happen mostly after a large meal, such as from a fast food joint. Is it possible that the fat is quickly going to my large intestine and rushing my next poop?

submitted by /u/-Wertoiuy-
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Thursday, February 7, 2019

How does our stomach rumble when we are hungry?

How does our stomach rumble when we are hungry?


How does our stomach rumble when we are hungry?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 02:48 PM PST

What fills the void in the earth when we pump oil out, and are there visible structural effects on the surface? Also, has the net mass displacement to the earth's surface caused the earth's rotation rate to change?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 03:36 PM PST

What happens if you freeze a super strong container full of water?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 04:07 PM PST

From my understanding, water expands when it freezes, and the expansion is what causes its container to break. However, if we have a super rigid container that's strong enough to withstand the expansion force of freezing, will the water still be able to freeze?

submitted by /u/ImNotBlackGuy
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Wikipedia says element 120 might be the last element possible to synthesize with current technology. Is this true? And if so, why can’t we synthesize further elements with our current technology? What new technology would we need to synthesize heavier elements like 121, 122?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 09:20 PM PST

I'm reading into small/medium nuclear reactors for more localized power production, but they are not common-place right now. Why is that? Regular nuclear reactors have been around for a while, does scaling the reactor down result in new technical difficulties?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 01:28 AM PST

This was one I found from a specific company: https://www.u-battery.com/what-is-u-battery

It mentions a few times how it coats the uranium molecules in carbon to make them safer.

Other sources: http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/small-nuclear-power-reactors.aspx

Talk about how the reactors are smaller and simpler but not necessarily cheaper to run, and that there are other issues in the way, mainly based on societal/legislative barriers.

That same website also talks about smaller (portable) reactors that have already been used. So what are some reasons that they are not more common place now?

submitted by /u/chiron42
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How is sugar mass measured in fruits?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 10:04 PM PST

when postmenopausal women get hot flashes, does their skin temperature increase significantly, or does the individual just perceive to to get warmer?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 04:28 PM PST

Identifying Patient Zero. How? Why is it important?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 03:46 PM PST

With the measles running a muck, and news stations broadcasting we found patient zero I would like to know why that's important.

submitted by /u/VapingSmooth
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Why is it so hard to build a thermonuclear weapon?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 01:31 AM PST

I find nuclear weapons fascinating. I've been doing some reading on the subject, and I find the mix of science and... destruction interesting. I am in no way a physicist however.

The following question has reared itself: Why is it so difficult to build a thermonuclear bomb? I realize the details of the designs that are public are very vague and generalized, but still. You would think once the concepts are known, smart people would work out the kinks. Still, all countries (NK for instance) always start with simple fission weapons, maybe even never reach the thermonuclear stage.

Is the difficulty in refining and designing the actual physics of a weapon, or in the manufacture and tooling of, I assume, many exotic materials? (Of course I also realize that building such things is generally not something that is encouraged by those that know how it's done.)

submitted by /u/KillahViking
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What's the point in keeping smaller particle accelerators around after larger ones have been built?

Posted: 07 Feb 2019 12:22 AM PST

Do humans have better night vision when younger (children), older (adults) or is it equal throughout your life?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 08:24 PM PST

How do paleontologists tell the difference between a fossilized broken bone and a fossilized bone that looks broken due to fossilization complications?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 08:23 PM PST

Basically, how to paleontologists know a fossilized bone is broken due to an activity during the animal's life and not because part of the bone fossilized poorly?

submitted by /u/2F8F5DB8
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Can the venom of a snake or a spider harm a plant?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 07:41 AM PST

I know that most venoms are not designed to attack plants, but which ones can? Is there a specific plant/specific venomous animal or bug that can harm a plant?

submitted by /u/LoganAugustus
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How did scientists discovered the different internal layers of Earth, their components and depth?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 08:57 AM PST

How do viruses target specific cells within the body?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 06:05 PM PST

When did animals evolve wings?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 05:59 PM PST

When did animals first begin to take flight? And how did they go about the process? Like when was the first bug like, Imma jump and it'll work itself out!

submitted by /u/trenzalor_1810
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Does Earth move with constant velocity?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 06:55 PM PST

Does Earth experience acceleration or deacceleration?

submitted by /u/Same_Switch
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Why does the spectral series for hydrogen apply to atomic hydrogen when the material being excited in the tube is hydrogen gas (H2)?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 01:29 PM PST

Why do different liquids freeze/boil at different temperatures than other? (I.E gasoline and antifreeze need to be at a lower temperature to freeze than water)

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 08:46 PM PST

How is the anatomy or structure of an organism encoded in its genes?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 11:28 PM PST

Why do we still need vaccines against measles, but not against smallpox?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 11:51 AM PST

Before anything, I want to make clear I am not an anti-vaxxer, by no means. I'm simply curious about the difference between both pathogens. Smallpox was eradicated in en 1970s after a global campaign and and people don't need to be vaccinated any longer. Measels seems to have been basically eradicated until now, due to anti-vaxxers. How is that possible?

submitted by /u/maxitobonito
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Does our body have a way of storing excess protein like it does with excess fat?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 10:33 AM PST

There are adipocytes, but apparently there are no 'proteinocytes'. I would think that storing protein is a big evolutionary advantage, so does our body do that? And if no, why not?

submitted by /u/neuromat0n
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How do we know who exactly is "patient zero"?

Posted: 06 Feb 2019 11:02 PM PST