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Tuesday, May 8, 2018

When this lava is moving along the surface, what is it doing to the underlying soil and rock. Partially melting them? Is it more of a layering that is going to just erode back to the bedrock, which I suppose is just old magma? Any volcanologists or geologists out there?

When this lava is moving along the surface, what is it doing to the underlying soil and rock. Partially melting them? Is it more of a layering that is going to just erode back to the bedrock, which I suppose is just old magma? Any volcanologists or geologists out there?


When this lava is moving along the surface, what is it doing to the underlying soil and rock. Partially melting them? Is it more of a layering that is going to just erode back to the bedrock, which I suppose is just old magma? Any volcanologists or geologists out there?

Posted: 08 May 2018 01:22 AM PDT

How did they weld before they had protective glasses/masks?

Posted: 08 May 2018 02:33 AM PDT

There is a news alert in my city that ozone levels are predicted to be dangerously high this afternoon. How are ozone levels predicted for a particular day and place?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:01 AM PDT

Do obese people have more blood?

Posted: 07 May 2018 03:59 AM PDT

Do obese people have more blood (more ml)?

If they do, how much more? It's a proportional increase based on some formula that takes the weight/mass of the body and gender and other factors into consideration?

submitted by /u/roblinger
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[Physics] How did physicists prove that gravitational waves do not travel faster than the speed of light?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:46 AM PDT

Why are there fresh and salt water varieties of most aquatic life, but no freshwater cephalopods?

Posted: 07 May 2018 02:55 PM PDT

There seems to be at least somewhat-analogous pairings in fresh and salt water for most types of aquatic life, but there doesn't seem to be a single cephalopod that lives in fresh water. Why are there no freshwater octopuses or squids?

submitted by /u/djsedna
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Is there a rule for makes certain isotopes "unstable" and radioactive while other isotopes are "stable"?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:39 AM PDT

What's the difference? Why is Boron-10 and Boron 11 stable, while Boron-9 and Boron-12 are unstable?

Is there a universal rule for all elements on which of their isotopes are radioactive or stable?

submitted by /u/fedexpressions
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To what degree is gasoline (petrol) from different brands actually different?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:47 AM PDT

Yesterday, I saw an add from ExxonMobil -- it wasn't this one, but it made a similar claim about their seven ingredients being precisely formulated to do wonderful things (I think it was improve gas mileage). I know that I've heard similar claims from other gas companies claiming that their gas is the best (cleanest! best fuel economy! longest engine life!, etc.).

Is this all just marketing gimmicks, or are there actual chemical differences between the various companies' gas?

submitted by /u/nudave
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[Planetary Sciences] Is the ozone layer depleting or not?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:01 AM PDT

On January 8th 2018, NASA released their findings on a study they were doing on the ozone layer depletion. Their findings revealed that the ozone layer was "healing" as result of the global ban on the manufacturing on CFCs. This is the article: NASA Study: First Direct Proof of Ozone Hole Recovery Due to Chemicals Ban.

On February 6th 2018, Forbes released this article: Sorry, Earth, The Ozone Layer Isn't Healing Itself After All. I read the scientific explanation in that article (most of it went over my head), they don't acknowledge any of NASA's findings.

Were NASA's findings wrong, or is it some sort of "technically..." kinda thing? Is there a scientific explanation is for this?

PS: Been watching One Strange Rock and it's LIT.

submitted by /u/intensethrowaway
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What is the biological process behind the ‘impending doom’ feeling that occurs before things like heart attacks and brain aneurysms?

Posted: 07 May 2018 12:14 PM PDT

I've heard that doctors and nurses have to take a patient seriously when they get a feeling of impending doom as there has be many case of people with totally fine vitals, suddenly get this feeling and then suffer heart attacks or brain aneurysms. I was wondering what actually causes this effect and how does the body know something is going to happen.

submitted by /u/KingsMountainView
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Is there any convincing scientific evidence Chronic Fatigue Syndrome actually exists?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:13 AM PDT

Let's face it we would all rather lie on the couch in a dark room binge watching Netflix some days, is it 'possible' that all CFS sufferers just want to do this every day or is there any actual proven scientific evidence to suggest that its not made up?

submitted by /u/limjongchilli
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Does breast milk change taste depending on what the mother eats, and if so, are there any correlations between what the mother ate while breastfeeding and what the child likes to eat later in life?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:00 AM PDT

We've all heard that pineapple taste transfers to male ejaculate, and that eating asparagus makes urine smell, so I'd assume that the same is true for breast milk. Is that correct?

And if it is, are there any studies on how this affects the preferences of a child later in life? Let's say the mother eats a lot of pineapple while breastfeeding: Would this result in the kid liking pineapple later on?

I've tried Google, but the only things I found were speculations and anecdotes.

submitted by /u/ChuckCarmichael
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Stemming from a TIL post ("TIL the human womb is the oxygen equivalent of the top of Mt Everest, designed to keep the fetus asleep 95% of the time"), what is the true oxygenation level in the womb and what percentage of the time are fetuses asleep?

Posted: 07 May 2018 01:41 PM PDT

This was posted on TIL, and basically the comments didn't really provide a clear explanation of their reasoning behind their title. Is the oxygenation of blood from the placenta truly equal to "the top of Mt Everest" and what percentage of the time are fetuses asleep in the womb? Are these directly related or independent of one another?

submitted by /u/lunamoon_girl
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What is the smallest something can be and still be magnetic? Can an individual iron atom be magnetic?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:36 AM PDT

What is phase velocity in a matter wave and how can it travel faster than light?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:32 AM PDT

We're doing matter waves in class and my teacher told me that the phase velocity of the wave travels at a speed greater than c as Vphase×Vgroup=c2 and Vgroup is always <c. She also said something about how this is possible as it does not carry any information and Einstein's theory only limits these waves at c if they carry some information. I have not understood this concept and need clarification.

submitted by /u/HeisenBohr
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What are the main differences/similarities between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:32 AM PDT

First time poster long time lurker.

I recently went on a bit of a Wiki dive when looking at Petrichor, and found out about actinobacteria and the Gram test, but I can't quite discern from looking at the two wikis the differences and similarities of what Gram Positive and Negative bacteria have. I am not a scientist in any regard, but I find this fascinating regardless. Especially the study of Petrichor and Human evolution/sensitivity to the smell (like 5 parts to a trillion or something? idk, I'm an archaeologist.) and the ability to find food after a drought.

It's just cool, but yeah I was wondering what, if any, are the main differences and/or similarities there are between Gram Positive and Gram negative bacteria are and if the test is as important as it sounds?

submitted by /u/DyspraxicRob
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Can a person still suffer hearing damage even when they're unconscious? If you're in a coma and there's loud music being playing in your ears for weeks, would it effect your hearing when you wake up?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:57 AM PDT

So why don’t we use sterling engines in cars?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:42 AM PDT

I understand that they would be two slow to start up for just driving around town, but why not put them in hybrids like the Prius or something that is primarily electric to power the battery?

submitted by /u/I_AM_THE_REDDITOR
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What is the expected “life timeline” of the Elephant’s Foot at Chernobyl?

Posted: 07 May 2018 10:20 AM PDT

Obviously this question could fit under multiple flairs, but I decided chemistry was the most appropriate.

So obviously the Elephant's Foot at Chernobyl is the most radioactive place on Earth, and is therefore very dangerous. So what I'm wondering is how long will it be there? When will it eventually lose its radioactivity? What will it be made of when it loses its radioactivity? What is the half life of Elephant's Foot at this point? Thanks in advanced!

submitted by /u/molgera85
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How does epigenetic inheritance work?

Posted: 07 May 2018 01:39 PM PDT

I understand how we inherit DNA from our mothers and fathers, and how their DNA is replicated, but how do epigenetic changes that take place during a parent's lifetime get passed on to the child? I understand how methylation of DNA can repress some genes, and histone wrapping can make some genes less expressed, but I don't understand how it can be passed on. How does DNA methylation/acetylation etc. of genes get passed on to offspring?

submitted by /u/thecorndogmaker
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How far does the central ray of the ionizing radiation burst extend to from a dental X-ray machine?

Posted: 07 May 2018 03:52 PM PDT

I understand that variables like mA and KV exist, but what would be a ballpark figure of the distance range of the ionizing radiation's effective distance?

submitted by /u/TheMythof_Feminism
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How do painkillers work?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:18 AM PDT

Why does silica remain after high-sulphidation processess but are leached out in unconformity-uranium systems?

Posted: 07 May 2018 05:46 PM PDT

Hey /r/askscience,

This will probably sound like a mineral-deposits essay question... What differences exist between high-sulphidation epithermal environments and unconformity uranium deposits pertaining to the retention or dissolution of silica?

Phases of silica are the only minerals left after the highly acidic (high sulphidation) epithermal fluids (or gases) pass through the system. pHs commonly below 1! Yet, in unconformity uranium deposits entire sandstone sequences hundreds of meters thick can be desilicified under pH conditions of 2-3? Are unconformity U deposit - fluids nitric acid rich? HF rich? Higher temperature?

Thanks guys- this has actually been something I've wondered on-off about for the last few years!

submitted by /u/Dudekahedron
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Material in Hawaii's recent eruption?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:24 AM PDT

What kind of volcanic material was released in the recent Hawaii eruption?

submitted by /u/TrueFirefox
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Monday, May 7, 2018

How is antimatter stored?

How is antimatter stored?


How is antimatter stored?

Posted: 06 May 2018 08:50 AM PDT

If antimatter explodes when in contact with normal matter, how is it stored? I'm guessing in a vacuum, but it must be in a container of some sort? And how do they move it? Do they use magnets?

submitted by /u/sammiali04
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What's the reason behind starting naming of electron shells from K, why not from any other letter?

Posted: 06 May 2018 08:31 AM PDT

Is it pure randomness or was there an actual reason? Similarly, why name the sub shells s,p,d,f?

submitted by /u/_Spaceman__Spiff__
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How does poultry meat spoil/decompose differently than red meat? Isn't decomposing among all meats the same?

Posted: 06 May 2018 09:25 AM PDT

How is the Lorentz Factor in special relativity derived?

Posted: 06 May 2018 08:35 AM PDT

Specifically, can it be derived mathematically from the postulates of special relativity or does it require physical observation of space-time dilation?

submitted by /u/EvermoreAlpaca
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What is the significance of magnesium with regards to depression?

Posted: 06 May 2018 05:33 PM PDT

Can an earthquake cause a volcanic eruption?

Posted: 06 May 2018 05:01 PM PDT

For instance, a major fault line in California near the Long Valley Caldera were to have a major tectonic quake, could it cause that caldera to erupt? (to the point that it's a super eruption, to be specific.)

submitted by /u/dotSukhoi
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How did Newton actually invent Calculus?

Posted: 06 May 2018 07:09 AM PDT

If you were to collide two pieces of Uranium 235 in the Large Hadron Collider, what would happen?

Posted: 06 May 2018 04:08 PM PDT

What is the decimal interpretation of bit-wise AND, OR, and XOR?

Posted: 06 May 2018 09:41 AM PDT

Left and right shifts, that is < and >, can be easily interpreted as dividing and multiplying by 2. This is the same as shifting a decimal number, say 16, to the left. You multiply by 10 and get 160.

What would be a similar way to explain the numerical sense of AND, OR, and XOR operators?

Similarly, all three operators are binary operators, are there any similar decimal operators, even if theoretical?

submitted by /u/omaxx
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Are there planets outside of galaxies?

Posted: 06 May 2018 01:54 PM PDT

Do we know of any planets that arent in galaxies or dont orbit stars? Could planets form this way?

submitted by /u/renorhino83
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Is the rate at which a substance cools down proportional to its heat capacity?

Posted: 06 May 2018 03:14 PM PDT

How do we decide whether or not a species is extinct?

Posted: 06 May 2018 11:25 AM PDT

How do electronics get through the ionosphere?

Posted: 06 May 2018 06:48 PM PDT

Hello there. I was just wondering how electronics on shuttles and other payload delivery vehicles exit the ionosphere without damaging electronics. Thank you!

submitted by /u/knot2appetizing
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Why does ice steam even when the air is warmer?

Posted: 06 May 2018 06:23 PM PDT

Lunar dust on Earth's moon is jagged because there is no weather to wear it into roundish shapes. But why is the surface dusty? Why isn't it one solid rock?

Posted: 06 May 2018 11:53 AM PDT

How long does it take to actually run an experiment on the LHC? {{physics}}

Posted: 06 May 2018 05:00 PM PDT

Ignoring any prep time and post run data analysis how long does it take the actual experiment to run, are we talking a few seconds or a couple of hours?

submitted by /u/90Sr-90Y
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Why is Jupiter so much larger than Mars, Earth, Mercury and Venus?

Posted: 06 May 2018 01:10 PM PDT

How does statistics arise in quantum mechanics, since the Schroedinger's equation is pretty deterministic concerning how a wave function evolves with time?

Posted: 06 May 2018 09:19 AM PDT

What is the CO₂ point of “no-return”?

Posted: 06 May 2018 01:07 PM PDT

We've heard of atmospheric thermal runaway happening when Carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gasses like water vapour, methane,...) concentrations increase; but specifically how many ppm will result in a breakdown in carbon capture? I feel knowing this is better than a doomsday clock as it finitely shows our proximity to irrecoverable peril.

Thanks!

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Sunday, May 6, 2018

When dolphins open their eyes above water, are things blurry like when humans open their eyes below water?

When dolphins open their eyes above water, are things blurry like when humans open their eyes below water?


When dolphins open their eyes above water, are things blurry like when humans open their eyes below water?

Posted: 05 May 2018 01:32 PM PDT

What adaptations do dolphins and other marine mammals have to see clearly under water and how does that affect their vision above water?

submitted by /u/laughs_at_things_
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Does a simple fire emit ultraviolet light? lf no, then how does our sun do so? Ks it a matter of thermonuclear fusion, or something else?

Posted: 06 May 2018 04:41 AM PDT

Is the volcanic and geological activity of the past few years unusual?

Posted: 05 May 2018 05:42 PM PDT

Activity in Yellowstone, Greenland, and in multiple places around the world.

Hawaii now has a new volcanic formation with recent activity...

It feels abnormal. How much of this feeling is based on science, and how much is media hysteria?

Also, what is possibly causing this (percieved) increase in activity?

submitted by /u/rhboomer
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How did Ice Ages and extremely hot periods end in history?

Posted: 06 May 2018 05:32 AM PDT

So I hear a lot about positive feedback loops: ice disappears, less heat is reflected back into space, more CO2, more heat is trapped, ice melts, etc.

And the other way around: earth gets colder, ice forms, more heat is reflected, more co2 trapped in ice, less heat is trapped, ice forms etc.

So how did these loops break in earths history?

submitted by /u/robj185
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Since the ocean is so vast and fish are pretty mobile, how do we determine where a certain kind of fish is "from". Do they have multiple geographic homes?

Posted: 05 May 2018 08:55 AM PDT

I am sure temperature, latitude, and depth are some of the pieces of relevant info, but can we really say where a fish's "home" is?

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How many calories do insects usually consume in a day?

Posted: 05 May 2018 06:20 PM PDT

It has to be such a small amount but I'd imagine it's very easy to overeat if everything around you is massive right?

submitted by /u/StrategyHog
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How does the stomach let through food and water, but not the acid?

Posted: 05 May 2018 02:43 PM PDT

Why are there a lot more right-handed people than left-handed people?

Posted: 05 May 2018 06:30 PM PDT

About an 80/20 split between right and left?

submitted by /u/Zeranvor
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Why must two quantum mechanical observables have their commutator equal zero if they are to be simultaneously observable?

Posted: 05 May 2018 08:32 AM PDT

Why is MCT (Medium Chain Triglyceride) great for health but Triglycerides are bad?

Posted: 06 May 2018 06:00 AM PDT

I've been researching Ketogenic Diet & Intermittent Fasting. If that gives any context as to which mindset the speakers were coming from

submitted by /u/dafckingman
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What negative effects (if any) are we causing by increasingly introducing antibacterial products to our water waste?

Posted: 05 May 2018 11:25 PM PDT

I understand our water waste leads to sewage treatment plants before being re-released into the environment, but does this process insured that these products never enter the environment?

submitted by /u/iduro
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Why does the sky usually look green during a lightning and thunderstorm?

Posted: 05 May 2018 04:38 PM PDT

Why are bruised spots on fruit sweeter than the rest of it?

Posted: 05 May 2018 09:29 AM PDT

What is a Quantum Mechanical understanding of absolute zero?

Posted: 06 May 2018 04:24 AM PDT

Classically, the temperature, of some peice of matter, is the average kinetic energy of all the particles that make it up. So absolute zero is just when the every particle has zero kinetic energy. But from Heisenbergs uncertainty principal we know that uncertainty in momentum cannot be zero, thus restricring momentum of a particle to some finite value, thus restricring kinetic energy to some finite value... and you can see where I'm going.

submitted by /u/Tom_ginsberg
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The victims of the Mt. St. Helens volcanic explosions: what happened to the bodies that were never found?

Posted: 05 May 2018 04:16 PM PDT

I understand many of the victims were exposed to high wind, high heat, and flying debris; any of which could have been fatal. Volcanologist David Johnston was quite a ways from the volcano, but was never found. Harry R. Truman lived near Spirit Lake and was covered in something like 150 feet of mud. Is it possible that many of the victims became fossilized? Has there been any attempts to uncover victims or structures?

submitted by /u/iguanarchist
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What precautions will be taken by the Mauna Kea Observatories in the event of a volcanic eruption?

Posted: 05 May 2018 02:31 PM PDT

A nearby volcano, Kīlauea, is starting to show activity, will that cause problems with ash, dust, earthquakes, etc at the Mauna Kea Observatories?

submitted by /u/sexrockandroll
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Is it possible to gain control over the muscles in the iris?

Posted: 05 May 2018 04:49 PM PDT

Do mosquitoes do anything for the ecosystem?

Posted: 05 May 2018 09:17 PM PDT

What casuses air to diverge jn the upper troposphere to cause low pressure?

Posted: 05 May 2018 11:19 PM PDT

Can't find any useful info on this so far. I just want to know the scientific reason behind diverging air high up which creates lower pressure near the surfice as warm air rises to replace the air leaving the column

submitted by /u/getsomebrodie
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If plants ‘Breathe in’ CO2 for photosynthesis then use it in respiration for energy, how do they get rid of the CO2 that they gained from the air?

Posted: 05 May 2018 06:20 PM PDT

Photosynthesis is endothermic 6(CO2)+6(H20) => C6H12O6 + 6(O2)

Respiration is exothermic C6H12O6 + 6(O2) => 6(CO2)+6(H20)

I would guess the extra carbon is used to build cells as wood is combustible hence has carbon in it, but I'm not sure.

submitted by /u/IOW_Lag
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Do all neutron stars have strong magnetic fields?

Posted: 05 May 2018 08:42 PM PDT