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Thursday, March 1, 2018

Is the Japanese surgical/dust mask trend actually helping lower the % of people getting sick over there?

Is the Japanese surgical/dust mask trend actually helping lower the % of people getting sick over there?


Is the Japanese surgical/dust mask trend actually helping lower the % of people getting sick over there?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 03:30 PM PST

Have there been actual studies? Or how about just comparing their infection vs population rates to begin with?

submitted by /u/Samdi
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Does the temperature of food increase linearly in a microwave?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 08:00 PM PST

Does adding 5 or 10 more seconds actually do much?

submitted by /u/ProNoodles
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Do prions affect viruses?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 06:42 AM PST

We use viruses to attack bacteria. So I thought, why not use prions to attack viruses by targeting their protein shells? There's a ton of other questions surrounding that suggestion, but I wanted to start with what I thought was a simple question. I'm not finding any research on if prions affect viruses at all, though.

submitted by /u/Codered911495
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Does a Photon Have a Set Amplitude? Does it Make Sense to Ask That Question?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 07:20 AM PST

For a while now I've had a couple issues with my interpretation of light. My fundamental picture of light is a vibration in the electromagnetic field. I tend to imagine a ripple in a sheet or something similar propagating out.

My main questions:

Is a photon just that? A ripple in the electromagnetic field?

Do different energy photons have different amplitudes as well as frequencies?

When explaining light waves are we talking about the same 'ripple' in the EM filed as I take a photon to be?

My confusion stemmed mainly from when I saw a gif showing a sine wave made up of little balls (photons) that was supposed to be demonstrating what light 'is'

I'm not very confident in my conception of light. Anyone able to clear some stuff up would be much appreciated!! THANKS

P.S When talking about QFT are the ripples in the fields that make up the particles the same thing I'm talking about ^ up there ^ or something more abstract to do with probability functions?

submitted by /u/tip-top-honky-konk
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What are the nuclear propulsion systems viable for ballistic missiles?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 04:28 AM PST

President of Russia Vladimir Putin just delivered a speech to the federal assembly (Russian variant of the American State of of Union speech).

In that speech he talked at length about and showed videos of the nuclear ballistic missile with 'virtually unlimited flight time/distance, powered by nuclear propulsion systems, able to freely manoeuvre and avoid any conventional defences'.

Which methods of nuclear propulsion are there beside project orion? Are there any viable for ballistic missiles? Could they be used for space launches too?

What are the possible technologies involved?

Please let me know if this is the wrong subreddit, but I am really interested not in the political, but scientific and technological side of this thing.

submitted by /u/gsamat
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Does the heart get microtears like any other muscle? And if it doesn't, why can it keep going non stop unlike say your bicep?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 09:36 PM PST

Why doesn't the galvanized zinc coating on steel crack off during expansion and contraction due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 07:02 AM PST

Why are certain disorders (Sickle Cell Anemia) linked to ONLY 1 mutation, whereas others (PKU) are linked to over 500 mutations?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 09:31 PM PST

Sickle Cell anemia is linked to one mutation, whereas PKU, and several others, are such that "over 500 mutations" are identified that cause the disorders.

Why is this? Are some mutations more common than others? Do the proofreading methods only work in certain parts of DNA?

submitted by /u/sbundlab
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How exactly do NSAIDS (like ibuprofen) increase the risk of heart attacks?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 07:52 AM PST

Why do other planets and moons have so many craters but earth does not?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 07:22 AM PST

I saw this picture of Pluto and saw the sheer amount of craters on the surface and compared it to our moon. Then I figured, mars has a large amount of craters too, but earth does not?

Image: https://twitter.com/cosmossup/status/968779684732338176?s=21

submitted by /u/fluxitv
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What object shape and material can attain the highest terminal velocity during free fall?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 07:15 AM PST

Everything has wind resistance, eg, coins will flip over and over. Will a ball reach the highest speed? Something else? What material would be best if it even matters?

submitted by /u/megladaniel
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Light from distant stars is from millions of years ago... if we could see far enough wouldn't we see light from the big bang in all directions?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 07:17 PM PST

Making existence one big light sphere of space and time?

submitted by /u/walkingmercy
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How is chemistry possible pre 19th century?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 07:38 PM PST

How did scientist from the 1800's and earlier know about chemical structures? The first chemical equation was drawn in 1615 by Jean Beguin. How is that possible?

submitted by /u/dangitgrotto
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Are there groups of animals where "A and B can have fertile offspring", "B and C can can have fertile offspring", but "A and C cannot"?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 05:14 AM PST

I was thinking about the fuzzy definition of species and I think I might have heard of living animal groups like this. Are there examples of this? Is there a term for this kind of relationship? Can the relationship be very continuous with many intermediates between two groups? If we could create any conceivable animal we wanted, could we create a line of intermediate breeders between any two species? In some definitions, would that make those two now the same "species"?

Thanks.

submitted by /u/RickAndMorty101Years
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What is the naming system of time periods?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 01:03 PM PST

From what I can tell, Eons are the biggest time period. And they are split up into eras, which are then split into periods. What determines a change in period, era and eon? How long can each one be? Is there anything shorter than a period? Longer than an eon?

Basically my question is, how is time divided? Sorry if I'm unclear.

submitted by /u/KscottH
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What happens if you give a patient a non-compatible blood type? Eg. an O- patient is given AB+ blood.

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 07:07 AM PST

What causes the blurry line on the edge of a shockwave?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 12:02 AM PST

Here's a recent post from /r/shockwaveporn that shows it very clearly. What is this exactly? Does the pressure from the blast compress the air to the point it changes how the light from the background moves through it, causing the blur?

submitted by /u/WizardSleeves118
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When you see a picture of a friend or relative on social media, (particularly a profile picture) does your brain respond the same way it would if you saw them in person?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 08:10 PM PST

I wondered if profile pictures could become familiar to you in the same way that a face is.

submitted by /u/Theyre_Onto_Me_
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How do you calculate the focal length of a multi-lens setup?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 02:57 AM PST

I'm trying to make a tool for my lab at work that calculates the effective focal length, back focal length and forward focal length of a doublet lens based on the dimensions and refractive index of the individual lenses.

I'm not sure if my equations are just too simplified or I'm wrong altogether. So far I'm just using the equation P = P1 + P2 -dP1P2 where P is the power and d is the separation between individual lenses.

Can anyone direct me to a derivation of how something like this tool here works? http://www.optolife.com/focal_length.html

submitted by /u/crispyrolls93
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Can someone with a weakened immune system receive a vaccine?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 08:36 PM PST

I was wondering if the weakened form of the virus would have free reign over the body due to the fact that the immune system can't do away with it.

submitted by /u/LeemireShapton
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How do space organizations, like NASA, communicate with all these probes and devices at such long distances?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 06:26 PM PST

For example things like the Mars Curiosity rover, the probe we sent to Jupiter, etc.

submitted by /u/Diazepam
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Are neutrons fired from somewhere to get a fission reaction started?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 06:26 PM PST

In a power plant, I know that U-235 gets hit by a neutron then splits to Krypton and Barium releasing more neutrons to hit more U-235 atoms, etc. What I'm wondering is when the fuel rods are first dipped in the water, where do the initial neutrons come from to get the reaction started? Is there a machine that fires neutrons at the fuel rods?

submitted by /u/avernii
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Wednesday, February 28, 2018

Can you feel the difference between low and high oxygen concentration levels?

Can you feel the difference between low and high oxygen concentration levels?


Can you feel the difference between low and high oxygen concentration levels?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 09:13 PM PST

Say your room had the usual about 20% oxygen levels in the air. If you had an air purifier or pump hooked up to an oxygen tank to get the levels up to around 95-100% oxygen, would you feel any noticeable difference in breathing? Would it be easier to breathe? What kind of fire hazards would there be?

Thanks.

EDIT: Since apparently having the oxygen levels too high is dangerous, what if it were raised above 20% but below 80%?

submitted by /u/micahbob091
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Is there any mathematical proof that was at first solved in a very convoluted manner, but nowadays we know of a much simpler and elegant way of presenting the same proof?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 04:21 AM PST

Why do Sloths move so lethargically?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 05:49 PM PST

How do we currently measure the age of galaxies?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 07:56 PM PST

Does the size of the black hole at its centre have any relation to its age?

submitted by /u/Homer89
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Is there an equation that would tell me when the sun is up or down based on my location, month, day, and time? I want my phone to do so some stuff every day based on whether it's dark or not at certain times.

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 03:33 AM PST

Living in Canada, sunrise and sunset times vary quite a bit in different seasons. I imagine there should be some kind of polynomial, unique to my latitude, that takes into account the month, day, and time that is, say, positive if it's daytime and negative if it's nighttime.

Does any such thing exist?

submitted by /u/Hotel_Joy
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Can mountain and lowland gorillas interbreed?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 06:43 PM PST

If so, has this ever happened? What would the result be like?

submitted by /u/randoogle_
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Does our Moon control the rotation speed of the Earth?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 06:17 AM PST

Why have I heard that increasing the amount of lanes on the road won’t stop traffic jams?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 03:15 AM PST

My city council is proposing to add an extra lane on the freeway in order to combat the traffic that congests during peak hours. However, I've heard that adding an extra lane won't actually stop a traffic jam. What is the science behind this?

submitted by /u/ccy92
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Do just liquids have pH? Or do all states of matter?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 05:58 AM PST

I only ever see pH being talked about with liquids. Could a solid or gas have pH?

Is it just that we can't measure the pH of the other states of matter, or does a material simply lose the property of pH when it freezes or boils?

If they still have a pH, how would we measure it? And if the pH is not measurable when in a non-liquid state, can we just liquify it and then measure the pH? Does this measured pH still apply once we then freeze or boil the liquid?

submitted by /u/xProphetOfRegret
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What is the impact of air travel on weather patterns?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 05:51 AM PST

I've often wondered if airports and flight paths create enough disruption to natural airflow to change weather's patterns, does this happen? If so, is the same or similar experienced with road vehicle movements too?

(Not sure if the flair is right for this topic, can change if needed)

submitted by /u/DanDannyDanDan
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Are there any products/processes that would benefit from being manufactured in a microgravity environment?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 05:04 AM PST

NASA astronauts returned to earth yesterday from the ISS, and some of their research included investigations into the manufacturing of fiber optic filaments in microgravity. This got me wondering if any other kinds of manufacturing could be improved in microgravity.

submitted by /u/LEtoile-du-Nord
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 07:07 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why chickenpox symptoms tend to be worse in adults than in children?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 06:37 AM PST

Are there any (relatively) accurate maps of Earth during the Last Glacial Maximum?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 04:51 AM PST

I've seen small maps of areas like Doggerland, but I was hoping to find something of the entire planet. I'm particularly interested in what Florida looked like; I know the Gulf to the west of Florida is relatively shallow.

submitted by /u/Pileus
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Are water reservoirs always placed at a higher elevation than the regions they supply? Or do pumping stations do a lot of the work that gravity doesn’t?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 05:45 PM PST

Why do whales breach?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 06:11 AM PST

Title. I couldn't get a concrete answer on Google and hoping for your insights.

submitted by /u/kerapang
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How do fitbits measure heart rate?

Posted: 28 Feb 2018 05:39 AM PST

Hi all!

Older heart rate monitors (and many cardio machines today) used pairs of metal contacts.

Fitbits (and other modern wearable heart rate monitors) use what seems to me like a CMOS sensor and two green LEDs. How exactly is the device measuring my heart rate? How accurate is it? How reliable (depending on where it is on my arm or how tight it is, etc) is it?

EDIT: I was torn between the Engineering flair and the human body one. I'm more interested in the device's way of function, so I chose Engineering.

submitted by /u/blackbat24
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How do physicists come up with equations?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 03:53 PM PST

I'm asking because I've always wondered how they came up with the relationship in equations like in Boyle's law or with Newton's gravitational equation. Did they just try random dimensions of variables, do they base if off of observed phoninina or is there some method I don't know about?

submitted by /u/EON199
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Why is 68% of all land mass in the Northern Hemisphere while less than half of that (32%) is in the Southern Hemisphere?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 03:07 PM PST

How does an object get electrocuted by sharing a body of water with an electric circuit?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 08:31 PM PST

If the circuit is closed, wouldn't the easiest path for electricity be through the circuit?

submitted by /u/nachtstiel
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Tuesday, February 27, 2018

What colour are Neutron stars?

What colour are Neutron stars?


What colour are Neutron stars?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 12:27 AM PST

Assuming we have a magic shield that blocks out all non-visible light, and a human eye (human optional) within viewing distance, what colour would a neutron star appear to be?

Would there be a shift in spectrum emissions because of gravitational effects?

submitted by /u/Xethinus
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Are other animals aware of their mortality?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 02:56 AM PST

Why are designs of the Hubble Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope so different from each other?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 08:38 PM PST

Why do active volcanoes have such constant, violent waves?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 02:19 AM PST

What proof do we have that the universe is expanding and not just clusters moving in different directions?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 01:38 AM PST

I know about red-shifting and blue-shifting and the 'Hubble Constant', etc. But why say that we're expanding towards a "Big Rip"? To expand in such a way means we're expanding away from a source (the Big Bang) but how do we know where that source is? We know of phenomena like "The Great Attractor", the universe is massive, who's to say that everything isn't just moving around a lot or being pulled towards/away from a much larger gravitational source?

This article prompted the thought, we keep realizing we're moving "faster than expected". We don't know enough about Dark Energy/Dark Matter, perhaps this theory is wrong.

submitted by /u/Tony111_3
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How does churning cream into butter reduce its lactose concentration? (4%-1%)

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 01:21 AM PST

Why do you see so many specialty toothpastes (e.g. gum strength, cavity defense, 3-d white etc)? Why don't they make one super toothpaste with all the benefits?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 11:47 AM PST

How difficult is it to make a perfect diamond? Or any other crystal for that matter?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 01:13 AM PST

While reading about diamond anvil cells it said the press consists of two perfect diamonds, which makes sense as any cracks or other imperfections should destroy the diamonds under that pressure. But when those diamonds are made, how can we be sure there isn't any impurities present? What's the margin of error? Just how perfect is "perfect"?

submitted by /u/shadowz749
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So how do programming languages work?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 07:06 PM PST

How do programming languages work?

We type text and then that text is interpreted into making something happen. But how?

submitted by /u/SlowDownBrother
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Why doesn’t the earths core cool and harden?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 05:21 AM PST

From what little I understand about the way heat dissipates I would think it would cool and harden into rock

submitted by /u/TheKingOfWolves
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Do we need the van Allen Belts as a protection from radiation?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 07:27 AM PST

I read that a potential space elevator would cancel the van Allen Belts by grounding them. Would that strip the Earth from radiation protection? And how would a space elevator do that cancel the belts? Also what do the sprites(lightning that goes up into space) have to do with them? Are they the reason for creating the gap between the belts?

submitted by /u/georg360
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Why do most cables have ridges at the ends?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 07:21 AM PST

Why are most USBs and other types of cables made with the ridge like structure towards the end of the cable? Does it solve any purpose, and if yes, how good is it at doing so?

Here's a link to the image I posted to make it easier to understand what I'm talking about: https://imgur.com/a/MGIM1

Sorry for not being able to explain the question further. English isn't my first language. :)

submitted by /u/AceAntares15
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An escalator moves at the same speed whether it's empty or has a lot of people on it. How does the motor "know" to change its power output?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 01:01 PM PST

Same idea for something like a chairlift. These motors are always moving at the same speed and do so smoothly, but wouldn't they have to be constantly adjusting power dependent on the size of the load? What's the feedback mechanism for that?

submitted by /u/blockerguy
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What impact has the Great Wall of China had on animal populations?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 06:03 PM PST

I saw a post about the Great Wall of China in another subreddit, then not long after I saw a post about overpasses in the US specifically to facilitate animal migration.

My question is that since the Great Wall was constructed has there been any noticeable impact on the local flora or fauna? Has it been in place long enough to encourage the beginnings of speciation in any populations of animals or has any other sign of microevolution been ascribed to the Great Wall?

submitted by /u/paper_liger
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How do we establish elevation on another planet that has no ocean, ex. Mars?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 09:42 AM PST

Do we pick the lowest point on the planet and call that zero? Or what do we use for "zero" elevation, when there is no ocean?

submitted by /u/Juno_Malone
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Humans have fingerprints, do we have anything of sorts for animal kingdom?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 04:23 AM PST

Who keeps the time?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 03:36 AM PST

The standard time down to seconds and microseconds, where and who is responsible for keeping it? My assumptions are:

  • This happens in England, since they are on the 00:00 timezone?
  • All other clocks in the world clock are being referenced and synced to that tracking?

Who is the entity/organization that deals with this?

What are (other) interesting facts about keeping time that might be interesting to find out?

submitted by /u/AlpacaGiraffeSheep
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Why are most recent data transfer standards serial, rather than parallel?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 06:40 PM PST

We have Universal Serial Bus, Serial AT Attachment, Serially Attached SCSI, PCI Express which is also a serial standard, HDMI, DP, and so on. It appears the transition from parallel communication to serial generally occurred over the 2000s, but why? What were the driving factors behind this change?

And given the speed and processing power of today's devices, does it make sense to 're-parallelise' serial connections again (which is already done to some extent with PCIe lanes) to increase throughput?

submitted by /u/delta_p_delta_x
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If a hexagon is the strongest shape, why aren't tunnels and archways hexagonal?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 05:39 AM PST

How is uranium 238 transformed into uranium 235?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 04:38 AM PST

When do facial bones stop growing?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 11:10 AM PST

Is atmospheric pressure measurably higher somewhere like the lowest point in death valley?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 08:10 PM PST

Why is it much harder to recite the alphabet in reverse than numbers when both follow a set order?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 11:12 AM PST

Both numbers and the alphabet follow a set order. "b" comes after "a" just as 2 comes after 1. But it is way more easier to recite numbers in reverse from any arbitrary number given but it is harder to recite the alphabet in reverse without practice.

submitted by /u/Cocaine_Boy
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