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Saturday, January 27, 2018

[Astronomy] How do we determine where the edge of the sun is?

[Astronomy] How do we determine where the edge of the sun is?


[Astronomy] How do we determine where the edge of the sun is?

Posted: 27 Jan 2018 02:36 AM PST

When reporting the radius of the sun, how do we know where it ends?

submitted by /u/chicks_for_dinner
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At the Terracotta Army exhibit in Xi'an, China, it is claimed that chrome plating was invented ~2200 years before discovery in the West. Was the process of chrome-plating similar to what we do now?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 11:17 PM PST

Specifically, the sign reads:

Scientific testing reveals that the surface of the sword contains chromium, with a thickness of 10 to 15 micron, which acted as a protective coating against corrosion. The chrome-plating technology was invented by the Germans, Americans in 1937 and 1950, but it had emerged in China 2,200 years before. How amazing it is!

In China, museums and exhibitions often have nationalistic language, so I take them with a grain of salt. I tried finding information for myself, but I couldn't find much about it.

How was the chrome plating done? Is it similar to the process we have now? Is there evidence that the chrome plating of the blades was done intentionally to protect against corrosion?

submitted by /u/cungsyu
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where in our bodies is heat generated?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 04:26 PM PST

i'm just curious

submitted by /u/RJ119x
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What do people living on space stations actually do all day?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 05:59 PM PST

Why did Columbia disintegrate on the way in, but not during the launch? Is entering Earth's atmosphere more stressful than exiting?

Posted: 27 Jan 2018 05:47 AM PST

Does water behave differently in extreme depths?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 02:28 PM PST

Seeing that there is life at extreme depths in the oceans, with over 300 atmospheres of pressure, how does the fluid dynamics of water change? Does this change the mechanics of life how life works when under such high pressure?

submitted by /u/Melonmax
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Do butterflies recognize caterpillars as conspecifics?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 12:38 PM PST

How accurate are calorie counts on nutrition labels or at restaurants?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 07:29 PM PST

You would think that companies could use some method to lower calorie counts and deceive the public. Such as smaller portions.

submitted by /u/DesnaMaster
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In beta decay, why does the newly formed electron vacate the nucleus?

Posted: 27 Jan 2018 06:32 AM PST

What is below the ice on Europa?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 08:41 AM PST

Europa is a moon that orbits around Jupiter. It is entirely covered by 10-30km thick sheet of ice, but below there is an estimated 100km deep ocean. The moon has geysers that breach the surface of the ice sheet suggesting that there is a source of warmth in the depths of the ocean. Could there be life or something else on Europa? Will we be able to see for ourselves any time soon?

submitted by /u/jchill_
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I have a decent computer that sits at idle 99% of the time - is there any programs/algorithms I can run that can aid research?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 08:28 AM PST

I could mine bit-currency and I'd get £5 a day or so - but Id rather be putting the energy cost into something more directly beneficial to people. Sort of like 'charitable computing'.

I've heard of protein folding simulators or something like that for android phones. I just wondered if you had any recommendations for software like that for a windows pc.

Thanks for your time :)

submitted by /u/DrBandicoot
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Does cold/environment seriously affect your immune system?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 01:30 PM PST

I've had a great immune system for most of my life and I've lived all over, but since moving to an even colder and more desolate area, I've found that every winter my immune system completely conks out and I catch literally everything. Is there a science reason behind this or is it just me?

submitted by /u/CherryBones
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Is there any validity to the Norton Dome thought experiment which claims the universe is non deterministic?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 03:12 PM PST

The thought experiment gives a symmetrical dome with gravity down it's axis. A ball is then given precisely enough momentum that it moves to the top of the dome and is perfectly balanced at its point.

Because the laws of physics must necessarily be reversible, this demonstrates that the ball, even perfectly balanced at the point and under no external force, can spontaneously roll off the dome in an arbitrary direction. Therefore, the universe is not deterministic.

Is there any validity to this whatsoever?

submitted by /u/M_Night_Shamylan
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Do dogs have a well defined "language center" of the brain?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 12:59 PM PST

Assuming yes, how does this region react comparatively to human speech, both known "command" words and general conversation, and to the vocalizations of other dogs? How does the domestic dog's brain compare to non-domesticated species in this regard?

submitted by /u/AethericEye
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Can you be blinded by intense infrared or ultraviolet light?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 01:44 PM PST

I know we can't perceive them, but since we can't "see" them like with colors of the visible spectrum, can our eyes still be damaged by such intense light?

submitted by /u/Techiastronamo
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How can a beta emitter like Cs-137 not be blocked by the concrete/masonry it was embedded in? Is it possible that the beta radiation caused an intermediary material to become radioactive releasing gama-rays?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 07:33 PM PST

Is it possible that the beta radiation caused an intermediary material to become radioactive releasing gamma-rays?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramatorsk_radiological_accident

submitted by /u/semidemiurge
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Is it just a coincidence that the earth's magnetic north pole is (somewhat) located where earth rotates around its axis?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 10:52 PM PST

I was looking at a compass and it suddenly occurred to me that it may not be necessary that our magnetic north would be at our geographic north. Maybe it could just be along the equator, over Africa. Or is the rotation of the Earth somehow creating the magnetic field, and therefore it could only be over the northern or southern ends of the axis?

submitted by /u/HookLogan
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What are the actual effects that coal ash has on people? How are companies supposed to dispose of it?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 01:05 PM PST

This is one part Biology, one part engineering:

Biology: Can anyone give some good reading on coal ash? I know there are different types of residuals, but I'm not sure where else to look to understand the health effects to the fullest extent.

Engineering: And where can I read about how coal ash is supposed to be disposed of in the US? What are the technical specs for Ash Ponds?

submitted by /u/thegoodmanhascome
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How does the economy only grow at 2-3% when you hear that the stock market has been on a tear?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 01:42 PM PST

My thought was that if indexes like the S&P and DOW Jones are doing extremely well and historically average growth in the range of 10% a year, does that mean that there is an large number of companies who are trending backwards in terms of economic growth?

Or alternatively, how does overall stock market performance correlate to national economic growth?

submitted by /u/Dpet89
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When you have negative emotions in dreams, does your body/nervous system have the same response as if you were experiencing it awake?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 07:39 AM PST

And does that affect the quality of sleep, even if you don't wake up from it?

submitted by /u/StuttBuffer
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[Biology] Why is this flu season worse than recent ones?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 12:16 PM PST

Was it that our vaccine predictions were off? Fewer people got them? Another or more reasons?

submitted by /u/scratchedhead
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Is there a mid-term / medium-term memory?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 12:42 PM PST

I'm familiar with short-term memory (AKA 'working memory') that is used to briefly hold information (the most common example for it, including in Wikipedia, is "to remember a phone number that has just been recited").

I'm familiar with long-term memory (AKA just 'memory') that is actually an "umbrella" for several types of memory - but all are considered quite permanant (e.g. my own phone number, how to ride a bike, etc.).

But what type of memory do the following examples belong to?

  • Each morning at work I park at a different spot in a big lot. At the end of the day I always know where my car is, but I don't remember where I parked yesterday.
  • I can recall what I wore yesterday and maybe even 2 or 3 days ago, but no more than that. Same pattern with what I had for lunch.
  • I can get away from my devices and still recollect items from reddit's front page for a couple of hours after I saw them.

Someone asked a similar question a few years ago but it wasn't specific as mine.

submitted by /u/targumon
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Friday, January 26, 2018

Do any planets in the solar system, create tidal effects on the sun, similarly to the moon's effect of earth?

Do any planets in the solar system, create tidal effects on the sun, similarly to the moon's effect of earth?


Do any planets in the solar system, create tidal effects on the sun, similarly to the moon's effect of earth?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 04:24 AM PST

What makes fruit/vegetables/meat the colour that they are?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 06:00 AM PST

If you put a red hot bar of iron in space with nothing around it, would it cool down?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 07:42 PM PST

Since it has nothing to transfer the energy to, would it stay hot indefinitely?

submitted by /u/Saskew64
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If energy is conserved and the sun is constantly feeding energy to the earth where does it all go?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 03:47 AM PST

Sorry if my wording is confusing

submitted by /u/TheFrostyman
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Why do common illnesses present themselves with similar symptoms (sneezing, sore throat, congestion, body ache, etc.)?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 07:47 AM PST

Primarily asking about different types of cold and flu here

submitted by /u/JingoNetties
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I read that when the light of Betelgeuse’s anticipated supernovic explosion reaches earth, it will create two weeks of perpetual daylight. Is this true, and if so, will that have any lasting effect on fauna?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 04:22 PM PST

Does whether you're sleeping or awake have an affect on how long medication lasts?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 06:38 AM PST

I know that metabolism slows down (like 10%) and that digestion does too when you're asleep, but does that mean that medicine either lasts longer or takes longer to kick in? Or is it effective for the normal amount of time stated on the bottle?

submitted by /u/girlwiththedoginsta
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How much am I paying for electricity when I charge stuff in my car? How does it compare to charging from a wall socket?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 09:57 AM PST

Given that the electricity from a car socket comes from burning fuel to the alternator, how much am I paying per mWh?

Is the price comparable to what I'm paying for at home? Are there any places where the price of mains electricity is so high that charging batteries in the car is actually cheaper?

submitted by /u/prettycoolpictures
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How does the electric field in a pn junction work?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 01:34 AM PST

I need to know the basic principle of pn junctions for my electronics class, I don't have good up to date knowledge about orbitals valence bands n'stuff. I had that in an unrelated class 4 years back and never repeated it.

I get that electrons from the N-type material recombine with the holes in the P-type material to create a depleted zone where no holes or electrons are present. Then how is it that this very zone pushes the remaining electrons and holes away from it? Or is there like a continuous stream going towards each other at any point in time and cancelling each other out?

Ive read that the electric field points from the n-type towards the p-type, but wouldnt that just make it easier for the electrons in the n-type to be accelerated towards the p-type material?

I think I most likely have some misconceptions here.

Cheers.

submitted by /u/Gizmo110
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What is the physical interpretation of a Hermitian matrix in quantum mechanics?

Posted: 26 Jan 2018 01:03 AM PST

How are the quantum mechanical laws of physics scaled to or related Basic Newtonian Physics?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 07:01 PM PST

The two seem so radically different from each-other (superposition vs F=ma etc). How are they related to one another other than just differences in scale?

I read an excerpt from one of Richard Feynman's books where (if I understood it correctly) he said that the quantum mechanical laws are the same as Newtonian Physics, it's just that Newtonian Physics is an average of the billions of interactions at the quantum level, scaled up to the macro level. Did I understand that correctly? I doubt Feynman would be wrong about something like that.

submitted by /u/Great_Lord_Kek
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Is 1000 calories of ice cream the same as 1000 calories in apples?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 10:12 AM PST

For example if I was on a CICO diet and I'm restricting to 1000 calories, would I still lose the same amount of weight if I ate unhealthy foods than if I ate healthy foods?

submitted by /u/Im_A_Boonana
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Is it possible to use cosmic rays to generate electricity? In other words could we use cosmic rays to power solar panels or other types of materials?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 06:27 PM PST

I am in a research group and this is a question we began discussing. I just don't know much about cosmic rays and their ability to affect or develop electricity.

Edit: I should mention that our device will be sent into the upper stratosphere on a balloon payload.

submitted by /u/LiamKreptic
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Can reactor grade Plutonium be used to make nuclear weapons?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 11:39 PM PST

Is CO2 capture a practical form of climate change prevention, or will it just allow large scale CO2 producers to continue with business as usual?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 03:31 PM PST

Why is alcohol universally toxic to living things?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 10:41 PM PST

How does wireless charging work?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 09:32 AM PST

How do humans naturally know how much to lead when throwing an object at a moving target?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 04:02 PM PST

Thursday, January 25, 2018

Is there a technical distinction between a jungle and a forest?

Is there a technical distinction between a jungle and a forest?


Is there a technical distinction between a jungle and a forest?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 08:21 AM PST

Why is the ocean made up of saltwater and not freshwater?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 09:16 AM PST

In searching for Earth-like exoplanets, what is considered the acceptable limits of the planet's characteristics for human habitation i.e. Earth's surface gravity +/-10%, temperature range, atmospheric pressure/composition, orbital radius, etc.?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 03:24 AM PST

Is there a place in the universe where everything is so far apart that it would seem like complete darkness if you were floating around?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 10:14 PM PST

Can particle spin exist in a 2D universe?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 02:46 AM PST

Do each ring on trees actually signify a year or does the amount of time vary? Do the differences in color signify weather changes?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 04:04 AM PST

Does* lol

submitted by /u/Anon-Floofer
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On high traffic network cables, are packets overlapping?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 06:08 AM PST

I can imagine how a single network packet is sent over a network cable, but I am very confused as to what happens when two computers send a packet at the exact same time over a shared network cable. Is there a queue system that waits for other packets or do computers just send packets without considering overlapping? And do modems connect to the ISP using one shared cable or does every house have it's own direct cable?

submitted by /u/Mahamik
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Why doesn't an EMP (electromagnetic pulse) affect electrical signals in humans?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 09:38 PM PST

Like in Ocean 13, Basher didn't drop dead..

submitted by /u/kmosdell
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Is there an evolutionary advantage to right-handedness?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 07:59 AM PST

How cetaceans like the sperm whale manage to hold their breath for so long and at such depths?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 05:30 AM PST

How has their respiratory system evolved and adapted to allow them to do it?

submitted by /u/Ricky434
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Wide hips are considered a sign of fertility and ease of birth - do we have any evidence to support this?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 08:09 AM PST

Is there any turbulence in space that affects the Earth, like turbulence that affects planes?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 07:00 PM PST

Is there a fundamental reason why gluons can carry colour charge yet photons cannot carry electromagnetic charge?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 06:57 PM PST

What happens to our brain during anesthesia?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 12:13 PM PST

I'm mainly curious about how do we induce the sleep by anesthesia - or is it even considered sleep? How can one be awaken while under the effect? How do we not feel anything?

submitted by /u/Thoryne
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Over the course of its existence, has the Earth's mass increased in any significant way from collecting meteorites?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 06:16 AM PST

How do neutral Pions lose mass when decaying into photons?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 06:05 AM PST

What is Meant by Changing Particle State Remotely?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 05:00 AM PST

Apologies for the very poor title but I don't know how else to describe my question.

I read an article on an inflight magazine about the advancement of microprocessor technology where it very superficially made the following statement, which I cannot begin to understand:

"Scientists have had a breakthrough where the state of a single particle housed in a satellite orbiting earth at an altitude of 2,000km was remotely changed from the ground."

I appreciate that this statement is grossly simplified for mass consumption, but what on earth does it actually mean?

submitted by /u/falsefoolery
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Scientific Papers claim that there is a "critical period" for the brain where further development, such as trying to learn a language fluently, after this period is made more difficult/impossible. Does this mean we can only strengthen neural connections rather than create new ones?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 06:02 PM PST

Thanks for the help!

edit: This seems to be countered by the discovery "neuroplasticity", so what is the current scientific consensus and is there any good research I can read into?

submitted by /u/Sovereigner
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Science newbie here. When rain clouds collide, how do they create lightning and an electrical storm?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 03:32 AM PST

If the spacecraft is orbiting a planet, and I want to crash it into the planet as fast as possible, what direction should I accelerate in?

Posted: 25 Jan 2018 01:41 AM PST

Will we ever be able to not only visit Proxima Centauri but see whether it’s planets in the Habitable Zone have life in the next 50 years?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 06:41 PM PST

How common is cancer among wild animals with little to no contact with humans?

Posted: 24 Jan 2018 09:51 AM PST