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Saturday, January 20, 2018

How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol?

How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol?


How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 08:12 PM PST

Does the temperature of air effect the distance sound can travel?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 03:04 AM PST

Hey there, I was wondering if the temperature of the surrounding air (the movement of the single air particle) has an effect on how far sound can travel. Does it travel further when the air is warm (air particles move faster)? Thanks for the help

submitted by /u/thelueth
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Since the W and Z bosons that mediate the weak force are not massless, does that mean that the weak force does not propagate at light speed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 06:15 PM PST

Are there any computer animations of what a supernova would actually look like in real life? What would it look like?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:37 PM PST

Most animations, movies, etc depict supernova as just really big explosions that happen quickly. If you were close to the supernova, but have it still be in your field of view (and let's pretend you can't die, and that your eyes can handle it), wouldn't it appear to expand very slowly (due to speed of light limitations)? Would there be any red/blue shifting effects from the explosion on one side going away from you and on the other side coming towards you? What would an accurate animation actually look like?

submitted by /u/dyger0
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Why is the molten salt fueled reactor always associated with thorium? Is thorium more suited for MSFRs than uranium?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:24 PM PST

Every time I read about the advantages of the thorium fuel cycle, many of the advantages are not of thorium directly, but those of using a molten salt reactor. So if molten salt fueled reactors can be used for uranium, why is thorium synonymous with it?

submitted by /u/JohnStuartMiller
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Why would all the land mass be in on one part of the earth (Pangaea) when it first formed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:38 PM PST

I understand that evidence indicates that all continents were once a super continent, but why would all the elevation on the earth crust only raise above sea level one one area? Isn't the earth super smooth for its size, wouldn't this lead to a more even distribution of land on the globe?

submitted by /u/Cosmophilus
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Why are OLED pixels different from LCD pixels?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 02:08 AM PST

Edit:I meant the shape of the pixels,the OLED ones tend to be rather roundish while the LCD ones seem to be vertical

submitted by /u/Cipher216
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What is quantum mechanical tunneling in relation to field ionization?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 11:59 PM PST

How does a cell "know" when to produce a protein?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 06:33 PM PST

Are the cells comprising the liver homogeneous across the entire organ, or are there functional differences from section to section?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:42 PM PST

What are drinkable levels of salt in water? How do you measure the concentration of sodium chloride in water?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:16 PM PST

So basically I'm doing an experiment using electrodialysis to purify water. Was wondering what are drinkable concentrations of sodium chloride in water (molarities) and how to measure the concentration of sodium chloride in water? I've seen stuff about measuring the amount of resistance in the water since that would have a relationship to the amount of salt in the water due to the dipoles.

submitted by /u/slifer227
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How many photons get emitted from a light bulb?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:20 PM PST

LED, fluorescent, or incandescent.

submitted by /u/Neonjellytoast
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Friday, January 19, 2018

How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?

How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?


How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:53 AM PST

What was the diet of early man before the discovery of fire and how soon after did man start "cooking"?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 09:43 PM PST

Why is the Liver one of the only organs that grows back when most of it is removed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:45 AM PST

Does spacetime stretch, or does it bend?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 08:59 PM PST

Spacetime is not static, and as it curves, numerous non-euclidean geometries can and do occur, such as the black hole, where, once inside, there simply is no outside.

My question is: What exactly is this curvature?

I've seen numerous models portray the curvature as 3rd dimensional curvature in a 2D plane, or, in other words, a gravity well, and, having begun to contemplate higher dimensions on an alarmingly frequent basis, I simply extrapolated to gravity being (n+1)th dimensional curvature of n dimensional space, which, on our 3D space, combined with time, gives us 5 total dimensions (which I believe is hinted at in interstellar, as the Gargantua scene features a 5D tessaract).

However, I have heard that this is not the case, that instead, gravity is n dimensional stretching of n dimensional space, lacking any intrusion into dimension (n+1).

As the latter option seems less curvy than the first, and as it is far less intuitive than mere higher dimensional curvature (and, IMO, fails to account for black holes and wormholes), I prefer to think of gravity as higher dimensional curvature. However, I am uncertain if this is actually how the universe works, and I'd like some answers.

 

TL;DR: To what extent are pictures like this wrong?

Thanks!

 

EDIT: Um, thanks for the answers? I'm not quite sure if I get it, and I'll probably have to read some of them a few times...

submitted by /u/EvilStevilTheKenevil
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Why is money "worth" so much more in some places and so much less than others?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:50 AM PST

For example, USD$10 can (broadly speaking) buy one sandwich in Los Angeles, two sandwiches in Iowa, and ten sandwiches in Thailand. Why is this?

submitted by /u/KnightsWhoSayKni
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Why can people can survive injuries where multiple limbs are lost (e.g in an explosion), but one stab wound to the abdomen can still be fatal?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:46 AM PST

Are all massless particles their own antiparticles?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 01:17 PM PST

I've heard that photons are their own antiparticle, and also that the same would be true for hypothetical gravitons, which would also be massless if I understand correctly (correct me if I'm wrong). Are all massless particles their own antiparticles, and if so, why?

submitted by /u/jellyfishdenovo
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Does a charged black hole create an electric field?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 09:16 PM PST

A Reissner–Nordström black hole has a net charge. Does it create an electrostatic attraction/repulsion to charged particles outside the horizon? If so, how to the photons carrying that force escape? If not, how is this not a break in charge parity since a positively charged black hole would be indistinguishable from a negatively charged one of the same mass and absolute charge from the outside?

submitted by /u/Mimshot
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Do photon transistors exist?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:20 AM PST

And if they do, what would they look like physically, what media would they use, like current ICs use silicon? Are light-based or photonic computers a possibility? Would they be significantly more efficient than our current electronic ones?

submitted by /u/delta_p_delta_x
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Does alpha-Amanitin have a higher binding affinity for different types of RNA polymerase's ie. viral, human, etc. And does it then dissociate from the inhibition site once inactivated?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:47 AM PST

Im looking at fungal secondary metabolites as part of my undergraduate degree and i've become interested in amatoxins and gliotoxins and their extreme potency and fast action

submitted by /u/memeoglobin
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If the photoelectric effect dictates that electrons are not ejected until a threshold frequency is reached, what happens to the energy of a low-energy photon if it doesn't cause electron emission?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:34 AM PST

Settle a housemate argument. Does cold air help warm air move around clothes when drying them?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:18 PM PST

It's the middle of winter here in the UK and our dryer has broken meaning that clothes have to be air dryed.

My housemate seems to think it's fine to leave an electric fan blowing on the clothes during the day and at night when we are not in the house. Her reasoning is that the cold air moves the warm air around the clothes.

I am skeptical...

What's the science here?

submitted by /u/SomethingPretty88
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What do prion proteins naturally do in the brain/body?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 11:14 AM PST

Im doing a presentation on the creutzfeldt-jacob-disease and found out that PRNPs can be the source of many problems but i cant find what their natural function is in the body and why we have them

submitted by /u/Redluff
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Does the human body make any noticeable 'microadjustments' when exposed to a particular climate for a length of time?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:57 AM PST

As someone who has lived in a temperate zone their entire life, feeling 38 degrees in the middle of a 10 degree average winter feels like a heatwave, same with a 78 degree day in the middle of a very hot summer. Is there a physical response going on? Or is it more psychological?

submitted by /u/throwaway3141598
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How do engines like Wolfram Alpha find a different answer than a calculator?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 06:01 PM PST

If I type (1+0.1x10-15-1) / (0.1x10-15) on my calculator, I get 0 as an answer instead of 1. I believe it is because the representable numbers of the calculator is exceeded.

But how do engines such as wolfram alpha handle this problem? Do they have lines of code enabling more bit use? Do they somehow figure out the problem like humans by rearranging the numbers?

submitted by /u/smaug88
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How can opposite charges attract each other if they interact via virtual photons? Can virtual photons carry negative momentum?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 11:39 PM PST

I can imagine them reoelling each other, with each sending and getting hit by virtual photons, but this image breaks down when thinking of attraction. Same applies to gravity with virtual graviton exchanges.

submitted by /u/PutinTakeout
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Why do sperm cells have a large nucleus if they only carry half the genetic material?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:18 AM PST

I have been taught that am adaptation of a sperm cell is an especially large nucleus. But what is the point when each gamete only has half the genetic material?

submitted by /u/Ellhoir
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What is thought to happen to quarks during the big rip?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 08:51 AM PST

During the big rip, the acceleration of the expanding universe will be so large that even atomic nuclei would get ripped apart. But what is supposed to happen with quarks? As I understand, it's not actually possible to separate quarks because the energy needed to do so instantly creates two new quarks which immediately pair up with the two separated ones. So doesn't that mean that you'd have regions of space with massive number of quarks being generated and wouldn't this resemble the big bang?

submitted by /u/dr0buds
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We put man on the moon, so why can’t we build roads that last a long time without potholes?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:26 AM PST

Engineering

Living in MN and some of these potholes were big enough to take out your wheel.

Is it a technology reason?

Is it money?

submitted by /u/Idiocracyis4real
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How does monitoring ultra-fast work?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:05 PM PST

When scientists are measuring things that move very fast or may happen for extremely short periods of time, how is it possible to eliminate or compensate for differences and losses between input/monitoring systems like sensors, or in-case the sensor is faster than the hardware it's attached to where a component slows down measurements and the thing you want to measure?

My line of reasoning is simplistic, probably naive.

If something occurs at a rate too low for you to measure, you don't know it exists. Worst case you get no anomalous readings, best case it shows up without easily predictable occurrence.

How does it limit science to potentially have something that happens too infrequently to measure?

submitted by /u/CODESIGN2
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Thursday, January 18, 2018

Why do joints ache so much when you get the cold/flu?

Why do joints ache so much when you get the cold/flu?


Why do joints ache so much when you get the cold/flu?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 07:47 PM PST

What is the relationship between the rate of change of a function and differentiation?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 12:42 PM PST

If the energy of photons is continuous, and electron's energy levels around an atom are discreet, then how can you ever have a photon that has the exact energy to be absorbed by an electron?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 01:38 PM PST

Why do "Y" chromosomes only have 3 chromatids?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 07:08 PM PST

I was in Biology class when I asked this question, but the teacher wouldn't answer it, she only said we would learn about it in the next unit. So if someone could answer this that would be nice.

submitted by /u/TruLemonGod
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Can an unvaried diet cause the human body to learn to digest a certain (type of) food faster?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 08:56 AM PST

I know that the glycemic index ranks carbohydrate-comprised foods according to their effect on glucose levels. But are these rankings always accurate throughout an individual's life? Would, given sufficient repetition, the body adapt to process a certain food (e.g. Pizza) faster?

submitted by /u/DrDeb_
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How does coding physically work? How does a computer, made up of inanimate parts, understand what to do based on a made up language?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 04:23 AM PST

Why do large metal beams or trusses sometimes have tiny connections/joints?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 02:06 PM PST

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ab/7a/bb/ab7abba8c6801e0a398f43f25ea2e198.jpg

Like in this truss example, sometimes it looks like the connections are inadequate. Is it because they are only loaded axially or are they actually adequate? What about cases of beams that are not loaded axially like below:

http://www.portaking.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/beams-3f.jpg

Is this just poor design? I am new to structures and just trying to understand.

submitted by /u/jar3dl
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Are there problems in computer science that no algorithm can solve for all inputs?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:29 AM PST

I know (vaguely) of NP complete problems that can not be solved by an algorithm in polynomial time, but are there problems that we can't write an algorithm to solve for all inputs? Intuitively I'm inclined to believe that there must be problems so complex you could never make a sufficiently sophisticated algorithm to solve them, but I can't find anything online saying that's necessarily true. Is my intuition correct? Or, can any problem, no matter the complexity and number of inputs, be solved given enough time?

submitted by /u/kinectking
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Does Supersymmetry include antimatter?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 02:09 PM PST

So would we in theory have an anti-selectron and an anti-squark?

submitted by /u/corruptboomerang
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Why do some photos of the heavens show stars radiating light in a 'cross' shape instead of evenly in a circle?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 03:35 AM PST

Why don’t everyday movements cause sub-concussive impacts?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 09:35 PM PST

I'm aware that the brain's motion is dampened by the cerebrospinal fluid it floats in and by its tethering to the spinal cord and the meninges, but I have trouble seeing how this is sufficient to protect the brain from subtle damage just short of a concussion.

I tend to visualize a brain-sized egg (with strange holes through the middle for ventricles) in an egg-shaped capsule filled with water (or at least some fluid with the same viscosity) bouncing around as it's shaken. The brain as an egg isn't the best analogy for a number of reasons, but it seems to me that motions like head banging, shaking rapidly, turning the head quickly to the side and back, etc. would crack this egg, or at least push it against the walls of its egg-skull with some nonzero force, especially considering that there is little distance between the brain/egg and the skull, and that the fluid isn't very thick.

My question therefore encompasses a few questions several of which likely do not have or can not have full answers: 1. Is our brain really moving a lot less than intuition might suggest? 2. If so, how do we know? Have simulations of this been performed? 3. If not, and the brain does move within our skull as much as such analogies might suggest, does this actually cause any real damage?

  1. Adding to that last bit, what are the mechanisms of potential damage? Are neurons actually dying? Is our brain just chemically disrupted? How resistant to compression is brain tissue (does it "bounce back")? And given shearing forces can rip axons apart, how much force does this take? Does it occur on some minimal level with all grades of TBI? Is there a particular number of g's associated with symptomatic damage?

  2. To what extent does this depend on individual anatomy, and what research has been done into this?

  3. Finally, what is known about the brain's ability to recover? Does it depend on region (impacted, not geographic)? Genetics? Environmental factors? On a less clinical note, does the brain tend to rewire itself similarly to how it was previously wired, or does it form newer connections based on environment and other factors? What research has been done on these effects in vitro/in vivo/in Volvo? Are we really us after sustaining a brain injury or a series of cumulative small hits?

Also, as an aside, the argument that evolution has developed mechanisms that prevent significant subconcussive damage (even if we don't fully understand them) doesn't seem too convincing either, because evolution only requires that we survive long enough to reproduce, not so much that we perform the kinds of higher order thinking tasks we do today, let alone well into our old age when consequent neurodegenerative disorders might manifest.

(I hate to add this because it seems rude, but please don't just link to previous instances of this question on Reddit, as I assure you I wouldn't post here had I found information that satisfied me. I'm primarily looking for a fairly in depth overview of the state of research into these questions, and perhaps a more rigorous intuitive understanding of the physics of the brain's motion in everyday movement.)

Edit: excuse the shitty formatting and text blocks, I posted this on mobile

submitted by /u/conchushellob
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Does our mother tongue affect our face features in any way?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 01:06 AM PST

Why is the waste produced in a thorium fuel cycle need storage for only 300 years instead of thousands of years for uranium fuel cycle, even though U233 from Th232 had mostly similar fission products as U235?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 09:20 AM PST

[Physics] Has there been significant research relating to anti-matter weaponry?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 04:01 PM PST

As I understand it, the energy release from matter/anti-matter collisions are much greater than fusion weaponry. Obviously these weapons serve no practical purpose here on earth, but I could see them perhaps being useful for defending against incoming space objects. Is this an active area of research, and is it at all feasible?

submitted by /u/Yeti100
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How does convection of heat work in space?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 03:25 PM PST

I suppose I should add in a dense atmosphere of some sort like a space station in 0 g

submitted by /u/eject_eject
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Can non ear neurons detect sounds?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 12:09 PM PST

So i was studying this and i saw that neurons can be activated by light\sounds\temperature

So (title) like the ones on our hands or eyes?

P. S. Is this the right flair?

submitted by /u/Utaha_Senpai
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What are fingerprints made of ?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 05:29 AM PST

Why is this year's influenza outbreak so much deadlier than previous years?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 10:57 AM PST

Is it possible for gravity waves to have a particle nature? If so, what would this particle be like? If not, what sets gravitational waves apart from light and matter, which have particle wave duality?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 02:16 PM PST

Does makeup, even without SPF, give any protection from the sun?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 02:26 PM PST

If the makeup is physically obscuring your skin, would it have a filtering effect on the account of light that reaches the skin?

submitted by /u/guiri-girl
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How well can we detect meteors?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 09:13 AM PST

From the news today there was a meteor in detroit that caused an earthquake. My question is did the scientists or whoever monitors for things in space notice it?

And if not why were scientists not able to detect it?

Only asking because I saw nothing in the news or on reddit of a meteor so reading it today was quite sudden.

(I asked this before but I think it was removed by an automod, apologys if I am breaking rules.)

submitted by /u/UrbanAwsomeman
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