Pages

Friday, June 16, 2017

Does multi-verse theory allow for variation in the laws of physics or must the laws of physics be constant across all universes?

Does multi-verse theory allow for variation in the laws of physics or must the laws of physics be constant across all universes?


Does multi-verse theory allow for variation in the laws of physics or must the laws of physics be constant across all universes?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 09:12 PM PDT

What Mechanism Produces Black Body Radiation?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 02:54 AM PDT

I have spent about a half hour trying to google this, and I always get the same page often titled "How is black body radiation produced?" that keeps on telling me what black body radiation does after it's radiated.

I learned long ago about the basic equations used to describe the phenomenon or how to calculate the spectral lines, and I'm very familiar with how a spectrum with a graph on it looks. None of these answer my question.

So Reddit please save me. HOW is black body radiation actually produced on the quantum level? What mechanism takes place to generate the actual photon and what parts of the atom are involved, what are the specific quantum interactions, and which specific Fermions and Bosons are doing what in what way? What energies are involved?

I realize this will have at least 3 different answers depending on the phase of the material, and that there is quite a bit of cross over with thermal radiation.

Bonus: How do monatomic gases emit black body radiation in rare cases?

submitted by /u/Radiatin
[link] [comments]

How often do animals known for their quickness or agility (like a deer or cheetah) tear ligaments or pull muscles?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 06:15 AM PDT

Would botulism leave any diagnostic trace a year after someone suffers from it?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 08:52 PM PDT

North Korea claims the American student, Otto Warmbier, had a case of botulism before being sedated and falling into a coma. He is now in a vegetative state. The American doctors examining him stated that they found no evidence of botulism,

"As part of his evaluation with us, we performed electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Those tests did not reveal any evidence…that would suggest active botulism at this time."

But it is unclear what exactly they meant by that statement. Botulin, the toxin, would presumably have left the body after 4 or 5 months, no? So of course there would be no "active botulism".

So my question is, am I interpreting their statement correctly? It either means everything (he didn't have botulism), or it means nothing (because one wouldn't even expect to observe active botulism after more than a year). Which one is it?

submitted by /u/tinkletwit
[link] [comments]

Why do coral reefs not grow in the Gulf of Mexico but thrive in areas like that of the Caribbean islands?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 07:15 AM PDT

Is there an official time/clock by which all other clocks are set?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 06:24 AM PDT

Is there something close to an international standard? Do different countries do their own thing (if even that)?

And if this/these thing(s) exist, how do we know they're accurate?

submitted by /u/stilnomen
[link] [comments]

Will a lost ant seek out a new colony and will a colony accept outsiders?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 06:48 PM PDT

Lets say an ant crawls onto my car and I drive 50 miles away. Will that ant actively seek out a new colony? And if it did, will a colony assimilate it? Or are lost ants SOL?

submitted by /u/Jerf1
[link] [comments]

Why does wind "die down" at night?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 07:11 PM PDT

Why doesn't deuterium fusion occur in main sequence stars?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 07:37 AM PDT

What makes the proton-proton chain reaction the preferred method of fusion in main sequence stars if deuterium fusion occurs at lower temperatures? Following that, why does the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle become the preferred method of fusion in stars starting around 1.3 solar masses?

submitted by /u/spiff87
[link] [comments]

If a fidget spinner was brought into the void of space, could it potentially spin forever?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 06:46 AM PDT

(Negating the friction caused by the bearings)

submitted by /u/FelixST64
[link] [comments]

Why is it so common for people to have reoccurring dreams where their teeth fall out?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:19 PM PDT

What is the volume of soil erosion caused by humans and does it have any affect on sea level rise?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 04:09 AM PDT

Why do doctors still use stitches that need to be removed instead of dissolving ones?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:26 PM PDT

Do you get more sun burnt when it's hotter out?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 12:18 PM PDT

Why does water always taste 'flat' when you leave it out overnight?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 10:02 AM PDT

How do wind speeds change with altitude. The general rule of thumb is the higher you are, the faster wind is. At what altitude does this change?

Posted: 16 Jun 2017 02:01 AM PDT

What is the wind speed at 30'000 meters, for example? If this varies with location/weather, my question would concern Europe/Switzerland. Thank you for any answers, I've been asking people for days now and googling but haven't had any luck.

submitted by /u/Captionater
[link] [comments]

If we had not reduced our production of Ozone depleting gases but had stayed on a "business as usual" scenario, how bad would the UV radiation problem be by now?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:56 AM PDT

Where is salt actually formed? Rivers or oceans?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:00 PM PDT

This is what I understand: the water cycle moves sodium ions from land into the ocean. Volcanic eruptions add chlorine ions to the ocean water. When these sodium and chlorine ions were in the ocean x years ago, they bonded to make salt.

So does salt come from oceans or land/rivers?

submitted by /u/plantfollower
[link] [comments]

When wire is coiled to create an electromagnet why does the electric current follow the wire instead of taking the shortest path through the sides of each turn?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 11:33 AM PDT

It often appears that coils do not have insulating layers between the turns. What prevents the electricity from simply skipping between turns in the coil and undermining the intended effect? How is a coil of uninsulated wire different from a cylinder of solid metal?

submitted by /u/omgtater
[link] [comments]

Thursday, June 15, 2017

How far does an insect (like a beetle or a fly) travel from the place they were born in?

How far does an insect (like a beetle or a fly) travel from the place they were born in?


How far does an insect (like a beetle or a fly) travel from the place they were born in?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:58 AM PDT

How come no matter how realistic a computer generated face is, we know it's not real?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 08:42 PM PDT

Even if I see a "hyper realistic" reconstruction of a famous persons face, or a similar situation, my mind knows it's a reconstruction, not an actual photo.

submitted by /u/PotatoPotahto
[link] [comments]

If I'm flying by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, would I see them bright and colorful or would they be somewhat dark because they're so far away from the sun?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:14 AM PDT

If there are magnetic field lines are there gravitational field lines also?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:57 AM PDT

If there are what is the significance of them and how do field lines relate to the waves in electromagnetic and gravitational fields?

submitted by /u/shardro
[link] [comments]

Does our body absorb all the calories that is mentioned on a food product?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 09:09 AM PDT

We can often find the number of total calories mentioned on a product under "nutritional info". Do these calories represent what our bodies will be able to absorb or the total number of absorbed calories differ from what is mentioned?

In other words, is the calories information mentioned on a food item already adjusted for the losses during digestion?

EDIT: Thanks for all the answers. I am trying to lose weight so I do watch my calories closelyand that's how I ended up with this question in my head.

submitted by /u/foinf
[link] [comments]

How are feathers grown?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 04:18 PM PDT

How do I calculate rotational simulated gravity?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:31 AM PDT

Hello, I'm trying to learn about interplanetary spaceflight. I know you can simulate gravity by having a spinning ship (or ship section, or two tethered ships rotating around a center). In my understanding, the simulated force would be just a function of the radius of the spinning section and rotational frequency. However, I haven't found a formula that does this. What I'm searching is basically a way to answer questions like "If my rotating section has a radius of 100 m, how many rpm do I need to simulate 0.5 g at the circumference?"

Thanks in advance, and if I'm in violation of any rules, please tell me. Also sorry for any bad English or abusing scientific jargon, non-native speaker and all that.

submitted by /u/GreyOgre
[link] [comments]

Why can an obect be sped fast enough to break apart when spinning the room around it will not result in that, even though from the room's perspective the object is spinning the same way both times?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:29 AM PDT

How accurate are the DNA/ancestry composition tests by companies like 23andMe?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 01:32 PM PDT

I, like many of you, have seen dozens of commercials for companies like 23andMe. This companies claim that with a DNA sample, typically saliva, they can tell you about your ancestry.

So, how accurate are these tests? Are there several peer-review articles that confirm what these companies do?

submitted by /u/PopCultureNerd
[link] [comments]

Can you climb a rope on a spinning spaceship?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 09:00 AM PDT

Here's a more fleshed-out version of the question:

Let's say you're on a wagon-wheel-like spaceship that's spinning such that the (sorry) centrifugal force inside the 'wheel' (where the crew would be) is equivalent to 1G. Now let's say you're climbing around the outside of the wheel, using handholds that you're tethered to with a metal cable. If you fell off, you'd be hanging off the wheel by the cable, spinning 'below' the wheel relative to the center of the wheel. In this circumstance, would you still be able to climb back up the cable, or is there some weird interaction with vacuum or spinning reference frames or some other weird space thing that would prevent this? Thanks!

submitted by /u/spark2
[link] [comments]

Why is breastfeeding so difficult and unintuitive for many women? Why aren't humans like other animals that seem to do it with ease?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 06:35 PM PDT

It seems that many new moms and babies have to struggle to learn this basic function. How does this make sense evolutionarily?

submitted by /u/joeklein9
[link] [comments]

Does diet soda actually cause weight gain by itself or is it the habits that come because of it?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 06:35 PM PDT

So I know diet soda is not good for you as most carbonated beverages are. But does the calorie free drinks actually cause weight gain or is it that people tend to eat worse and they justify it with the fact that they had diet soda.

submitted by /u/abrowithgoals
[link] [comments]

Why do we yawn?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:41 AM PDT

If people are born in an underground facility will they eventually develop a sleeping pattern similar to most surface dwellers?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 04:27 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
[link] [comments]

How is it that my phone camera can see better through stormy weather than my own eyes can?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 03:35 PM PDT

How have past cataclysmic events influenced human genetic mutations?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 08:23 PM PDT

How exactly do the tall 1500' radio/communications towers get erected?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 11:45 PM PDT

How accurate is the temperature data collected from the liquid-in-glass thermometer since 1850s?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 11:42 PM PDT

I read about how liquid-in-glass thermometer had been used used for recording temperatures since 1850s, but I also read somewhere else that these kind of thermometers have to be kept in a white painted boxes with vents to avoid errors from the sunlight from altering the temperature. I was wondering, therefore, if any knew if the measurements early on had kept this in account. If not, how (in)accurate the data would be?

submitted by /u/realljthewriter
[link] [comments]

Why isn't an anti-tick medication available for humans like it is for dogs?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 05:54 AM PDT

My brother and I have been wondering about this for awhile now after we gave our dog her anti-tick chewable pill. It kills fleas and some species of ticks before they attach or lay eggs. Since ticks carry Lyme disease and it can spread to humans, why hasn't a pill (or possibly vaccine?) been invented that humans can take?

submitted by /u/Littlebettyyy
[link] [comments]

Are a magnet's attracting and repelling forces equal?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:58 AM PDT

For a perfectly symmetrical magnet, are both opposite forces exactly equal? Or is one force stronger than the other?

submitted by /u/noneo
[link] [comments]

How does friction help a car to turn?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:58 AM PDT

I know that friction helps car to move forward. The engine of the car turns the wheels, and the tyres have to grip the road in order for the car to start moving forward. If there is no friction, tyres cannot grip the road!

But I can't imagine how does friction act as a centripetal force when the car is turning on a roundabout? What is happening at the point of contact between the wheel and the road ?

submitted by /u/emansuradi
[link] [comments]

What is the relationship between graph cuts and the eigenvectors of the graph's Laplacian?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:30 AM PDT

Wednesday, June 14, 2017

Has anti-hydrogen formed bonds to form anti H2? If not what circumstances would you need?

Has anti-hydrogen formed bonds to form anti H2? If not what circumstances would you need?


Has anti-hydrogen formed bonds to form anti H2? If not what circumstances would you need?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:24 PM PDT

I am assuming that a bunch of trapped anti-hydrogen atoms will like to form bonds with each-other as regular hydrogen does (you don't really have a way to have atomic hydrogen in the gas phase)

submitted by /u/kkllee
[link] [comments]

Why do most objects in the night sky (stars and planets) look to be the same size relative to our naked eyes?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 06:19 AM PDT

In general, by how much percent can solar and wind take over an energy grid, before we need batteries or alternatives that can respond to time-varying energy demands?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:21 PM PDT

My understanding is that, because our energy demands are not constant, a 100% solar and wind energy grid would be impossible or impractical without advanced storage technologies that are currently not economically viable. But where is the "cross-over" point; when does it become impractical to continue to rely on these instead of scalable resources like nuclear, hydro, natural gas, and coal? Or is my understanding not entirely correct?

submitted by /u/schnadamschnandler
[link] [comments]

In a documentary about the Manhattan Project I recently viewed (I don't recall the name of it, I apologize), some of the scientists expressed their concern about the "atmosphere exploding" and destroying the Earth during the Trinity test. What scientific basis did they have for this speculation?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 10:06 AM PDT

Do electric cars use electrical energy from the battery more efficiently than gasoline/diesel cars use heat energy from their fuel?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 11:22 AM PDT

Simple question: In terms of total Joules of energy transmitted to the crankshaft (...or whatever electric cars connect to the drivetrain), which is the most efficient, strictly speaking?

submitted by /u/schnadamschnandler
[link] [comments]

How long could a snorkel be (or how deep into the ocean could it go) before you could no longer suck air into it from the bottom?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:11 PM PDT

Imagine you had an X foot long snorkel, and you tried to breathe from it from X - 0.5 feet underwater. How deep could it go before your lungs couldn't pull adequate air in?

submitted by /u/pupton_sinclair
[link] [comments]

How is a large body of mass trapped inside of another's gravity well as a moon? Doesn't it need to slow down in order to circularise its orbit?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 12:37 PM PDT

Forgive my crude understanding of orbital mechanics but it was my understanding that if an object is caught in a gravity well with no means to slow down then it will either impact or be flung off in another direction. A recent article about Jupiter having two new moons caught my attention and that they were captured. Is it not that the object caught up to the planet but that the planet caught up to the object and thus it never had escape velocity to begin with?

submitted by /u/OverDoseTheComatosed
[link] [comments]

Is there a maximum​ amount of light that a black surface can absorb?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 11:50 PM PDT

Can there be enough incident photons that saturate the surface? If so, what happens to the extra photons? What would we see? Would the black object get damaged?

submitted by /u/JarJarAwakens
[link] [comments]

How much of a barrier is the atmosphere for a spacecraft launched at orbital speeds?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 02:24 AM PDT

I'm often fascinated by alternatives to rocket launches, and how viable they would be - space elevator, launch loop, etc. However, for some of these ideas, a big obstacle is the earth atmosphere - for example, using a Linear induction motor in a vacuum tube to accelerate up to orbital speed would leave you with a rocket at low altitude, which then still has to punch through the atmosphere before arriving in space.

Now when a spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere, it uses the atmosphere as a breaking mechanism strong enough to land safely on earth, and it already uses the upper part of the atmosphere for much of the speed reduction. This would suggest bad thingsTM would happen to a spacecraft going orbital speeds at sea level.

However, spacecraft are usually aerodynamically designed specifically to use the atmosphere for breaking, rather than trying to minimize drag and punch through the atmosphere.

So thats my question - Would a spacecraft launched with orbital speeds(in the range of 6-10 km/s) designed with minimizing aerodynamic drag be capable of escaping the atmosphere intact? Would it still have a reasonable amount of speed left?(as in, would it leave the atmosphere with 90% of its original speed, or 10% of its original speed?) And would the answer to this question change meaningfully if the spacecraft was launched from a height of 10 kilometers, to avoid the most dense atmosphere?

submitted by /u/asphias
[link] [comments]

Would the viscosity of a liquid affect how far it shoots out of a squirt gun?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:18 PM PDT

If you have a squirt gun that shoots the same every time and you shoot it at the same angle, would it go farther if it was more viscous liquid or a less viscous liquid

submitted by /u/DontRunItsOnlyHam
[link] [comments]

What technological limitations are keeping us humans to desalinate seawater and provide every human clean water?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:08 PM PDT

How could I calculate the maximum size of a water balloon before it bursts?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 04:23 AM PDT

I've got a BSc in Physics and I'm wondering what the maximum size of a water balloon or any other liquid filled spherical object would be before it breaks under it's own weight, depending on the strength of the shell material. How do I calculate the pressure on the shell and relate it to it's mass and volume?

submitted by /u/ViceArchimedes
[link] [comments]

Why does plasma smell the way it does?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:04 PM PDT

I bought a little plasma lighter like this and I noticed it gives off a very refreshing clean smell. The best way I can explain it is that it smells like extremely fresh air.

Is there any reason for this? It is quite a characteristic smell that I have never smelled before.

submitted by /u/ekpg
[link] [comments]

It's possible to supercool or superheat a liquid so that it instantly boils or freezes when disturbed. Is it possible to do something similar with other phase transitions, such as producing a block of ice that will instantly melt?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 09:51 AM PDT

Do you get drunk easier in higher altitudes?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 06:01 PM PDT

What direction will a photon travel in?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 10:31 PM PDT

Massless particles in a vacuum must travel, C, the speed of causality (and light). Ok. However, what gets me is the direction the photon is traveling in. In order to travel at C it must have to choose a direction. We typically think of photons and light having momentum in a certain direction (for example the sun's photons coming towards earth). However, imagine a newly created photon with no momentum (in terms of direction). What direction will it decide to travel. Let's assume an idealistic case where only the photon exists in a vacuum without small influences from external forces. Surely, if there's no momentum and the particle just exists, that seems to violate the idea that all massless particles in a vacuum travel at C. My intuition tells me that a photon will always have a preferential direction due to external influences and the initial conditions from where it was created. However, most laws hold up in idealistic cases and external influences we just count as residual errors in experiments. It seems as though the reverse is true in this case. Maybe another case is to think about a photon with momentum X and an external influence causing an equal and opposite momentum contribution to the exact decimal value causing the photon to stay in one place. What will happen?

submitted by /u/Quantum__Tarantino
[link] [comments]

Is it possible for a planet to have multiple rings of asteroids (like Saturn's one ring) at different angles from each other?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:49 PM PDT

Can we generate and use magnetic fields to protect astronauts from radiation or channel radiation in specific directions?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 09:24 PM PDT

The earth generates a magnetic field which protects us from most solar radiation, can the same effect be used to protect astronauts or to channel radiation into a safe direction?

submitted by /u/PowerPuffSoldier
[link] [comments]

People hate to hear about nuclear waste, so why haven't we built integral fast or SCFRs to use up the uranium-238 and plutonium-239 that we do have?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:19 PM PDT

Seems it would make sense. Say you can solve the nuclear "waste" crisis with technology proven to work in the past and people generally throw money at you.

submitted by /u/pleasantvalleymonday
[link] [comments]

Is there a limit to how big speakers can be made today?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:47 PM PDT

A while back there was an episode of Rick and Morty where they perform to some giant alien heads using a 'top secret' US gov't amphitheater (?) with humongous speakers. Is it possible for humans to build speakers like this today? Or would impedance limit the amount of electrical current in the coils, such that they would only be able to play up to a certain frequency of sound? The speakers I'm referring to can be seen in the following music video (at the 5s mark, as in the link): https://youtu.be/n4Xp6g-_UUw?t=5s

submitted by /u/freddo631
[link] [comments]

Does gut bacteria affect our taste?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 04:05 PM PDT

If we lack a certain type of bacteria in our gut does that in turn make it taste worse so we avoid ingesting it? Anecdotally, I'm allergic to peanuts and find they taste horrible...could that be because I lack the bacteria needed to consume peanuts?

submitted by /u/gretchenweinershair
[link] [comments]

If Quantum Field Theory most accurately describes phenomena at very small scales, why are "particles" still defined and used at those scales?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:00 PM PDT

I understand that in QFT, very small particles are excitations in fields (e.g. Higgs boson in the Higgs field), but why are particles defined at all, at those scales?

For example, isn't the LHC actually accelerating and colliding field excitations (protons), which results in more field excitations (Higgs boson)?

Or are partilces and fields just two different ways of describing the same phenomena by different theoretical frameworks, particle physics theory and QFT? I think this the correct answer, but then I'm wondering why "particles" are used in QFT. Are they shorthand for a quantization of its field's excitation?

submitted by /u/MrSpaceman
[link] [comments]

Questions regarding the particle and wave duality of light?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 10:03 PM PDT

I only understood light with the wave model in mind but want to expand my knowledge to encompass the entirety of the particle/wave duality. I did research and I came up with a few questions.

  1. How can a particle have a frequency, amplitude, or wavelength? Is it moving up and down just like a wave? Or is it the spacing in between the particles? If it is the spacing, then is how is amplitude recorded?

  2. What determines the intensity of light? I know we learned this in the context of waves but I want to know if it still applies with photons in mind and the details of how and if I should think of it differently.

  3. Are all photons the same? Are there different sizes/energies or just different quantities of the same size/energy?

  4. Is the wave model of light sufficient in explaining light in ALL contexts EXCEPT the photo-electric effect?

  5. Does a photon have a definite shape and/or mass?

I apologize if any of these questions are amateur. I merely want to understand. Any response is appreciated.

submitted by /u/Sorual
[link] [comments]