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Saturday, June 10, 2017

What happens if you let a chess AI play itself? Is it just 50-50?

What happens if you let a chess AI play itself? Is it just 50-50?


What happens if you let a chess AI play itself? Is it just 50-50?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 02:53 PM PDT

And what would happen if that AI is unrealistically and absolutely perfect so that it never loses? Is that possible?

submitted by /u/Exod124
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physicists say to laymen "observing a quantum particle causes the wave function to collapse" but what does this mean mathematically? what does a collapsed function look like compared to the original?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:00 AM PDT

Why does sexual fetishism exist and, moreover, why are some fetishes more common than others?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 08:26 PM PDT

What causes an area to become a salt flat?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 07:06 AM PDT

What are common applications of usage of the world's most powerful supercomputers?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 07:34 PM PDT

If there used to be a lot of water on Mars, what happened to it? Did it leave the planet and atmosphere?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 07:13 AM PDT

There is actually two questions here; how do they keep oxygen in their shuttles or the space station, and couldn't they take plants to create more oxygen?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 10:53 PM PDT

These may be stupid questions, and I apologize if they are.

submitted by /u/FatJesus13908
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Mercury isn't moving at a speed close to that of light. Why did Newtonian gravity fall short in predicting its orbit?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 06:06 PM PDT

My understanding is that relativistic effects are negligible at speeds far, far below that of light (~50 km/s, give or take, in the case of Mercury's orbital speed). Does that rule of thumb apply on to special relativity?

submitted by /u/iamnoteinstein
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How does alcohol interfere with the endocrine system in the body?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 04:20 PM PDT

In 1996, the nintendo 64 was released and was '64' bit. The dreamcast which followed was billed as 128 bit. Why did it take so long for 64 bit home PCs to arrive and what's different between a 64 bit PC and a 128 bit dreamcast?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 02:54 AM PDT

At the time I generally accepted the more bits equals more betterer kind of marketing that these consoles used, but presumably a dreamcast does not outclass a modern home PC in terms of processing power or graphical ability. What did the number of bits mean in a 90's console context and how did it differ to what it means in an average, current, home PC context?

submitted by /u/JimmyCrackCrack
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Since the earth is spinning at roughly 1000 mph at the equator and the air can be perfectly still means the air around earth is spinning exactly with the earth.... What is making the air spin?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 05:43 PM PDT

And.... Since the air around the earth must be spinning pretty much exactly with the earth's spin, shouldn't we see great tornadoes extending out from each pole at the axis of the spin?

submitted by /u/ParticleMass
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What determines the speed that a lightning ball travels along power lines?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 02:47 PM PDT

There was a video posted today of an electricity ball traveling along power lines in a rain storm. I've heard that electrons actually travel quite slowly through electrical lines. Does the speed of the ball traveling along reflect this?

submitted by /u/Universalsupporter
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What is the limiting factor for the rate of deceleration when landing a plane?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:45 AM PDT

When flying to another city the other day i got to wondering what the limiting factor is on slowing the plane down after touch-down? Is it limited by the number of g's the average person will accept or is the available force from air brakes, wheel brakes, reverse thrust etc the limit to slowing the aircraft quicker? Or is there some other factor at play like the structural integrity of the airframe/landing gear/runway? If it is all that the airframe can handle, is this by design because the average person won't accept anything higher anyway?

submitted by /u/Cemanicus
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Hypothetically what is the worst thing that could happen if I don't turn on "airplane mode"?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 11:13 AM PDT

Once a neural network is trained for a task, is there any way to examine the network to give insight into how to traditionally think up and write an equation to do the same task, or is it fairly black-box?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 02:25 PM PDT

Perhaps there is possibly a branch of mathematics that examines equations and optimizes them? Or would some aspect of the incompleteness theorem mean that this is impossible?

edit: maybe the structure of the neural network equation does not lend itself to being rewritten in a form that more readily leads mathematicians to new insights?

As you can tell, I'm not certain about the correct way to word this question, but I'd be happy to (try to) clarify, thanks!

submitted by /u/oakdesk
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Is there a good source on resonances/ periodic ratios of orbits in our solar system?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 05:07 AM PDT

I recently read somewhere (and for the love of it cannot remember where!) that the period of orbits in our solar system can be presented as integer ratios.

So that would mean, when you move from one planet to the next one outwards from the sun, you get a rather small integer ratio for the difference between the orbital periods - within a set accuracy.

And by small in this case I mean something like 94 : 595.

I am looking for a good comprehensive source that shows those ratios - is there any such source that goes:

  • Mercury : Venus = a : b
  • Venus : Earth = c : d
  • Earth : Mars = e : f

etc.

Thanks for any help or pointers you can give me!

submitted by /u/andthatswhyIdidit
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At what point does our body know we are left handed or right handed?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 05:08 PM PDT

I don't have a child of my own, so I've never observed a child "testing out" their handedness. How does this develop?

submitted by /u/oijuy
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Proper explanation on cooper pair?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 03:53 AM PDT

Hi. I'm undergraduate majoring material science and studying BCS theory, trying to find not only definition but also various explanation on it. But I couldn't understood how they move.

The question is: Q1. How these 'paired' electrons (or quasiparticles) behave without resistance? I guess they have to 'move' anyway, and how they can move without scatter? Q2. What is superconducting gap? I think it have different derivation with energy gap. What happens if electron is below/above superconducting gap?

I'm struggling with these concepts for weeks. Please somebody help me with eidetic explanation😂

submitted by /u/Septemberries
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Why is the J/ψ long-lived?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 03:32 AM PDT

So I've been reading up on the J/ψ particle lately, and am failing to understand why it's lifetime is so long outside of its narrow resonance width.

I know about the OZI Rule and how hadronic decays of the J/ψ are suppressed for diagrams that can be separated by gluon propagators, making leptonic final states a comparable decay option, however I don't understand what it has to do with the J/ψ lifetime.

Suppressed decay modes, have always in my mind, affected the branching ratios but not the lifetime of the particle itself. Naively, it's like saying as the J/ψ travels along, by process of elimination it tries one by one to decay into a certain mode, until it finds one that works. Because hadronic decays are suppressed by the OZI rule, then it simply takes the J/ψ longer until it finds a mode that "works" for it, thus leading to it's long lifetime. Obviously, this picture isn't the case. Someone at the university mentioned to me that the coupling constant of an interaction is proportional to the speed at which the interaction takes place, and since the OZI rule suppresses certain strong decays, then the "weaker" interactions are left thus increasing the lifetime of the J/ψ. However, I have not found any resources online that support this.

I guess a question that would also help here is why is the J/ψ's resonance width narrow?

submitted by /u/RobMu
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Can the ISS be converted into an interplanetary vessel?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 11:27 PM PDT

If light is affected by gravity, can light be caught in orbit?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 12:04 PM PDT

Does electricity have a color?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 12:38 PM PDT

Saw that .gif of a ball of electricity riding powerlines and it is clearly blue, or at least the surrounding area, while other times lightning during storms it can be seem as having a violet hue, Is it just iluminating the predominant color of the environment around the light or does electricity have a particular color they reflect?

Edit: Answers provided sent me down a pleasent rabbit hole, a much apprecited one.

submitted by /u/justatadlost
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Do reptiles have thc receptors?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 08:29 PM PDT

Friday, June 9, 2017

Is there any food that is cooked on the International Space Station, or is it all prepackaged?

Is there any food that is cooked on the International Space Station, or is it all prepackaged?


Is there any food that is cooked on the International Space Station, or is it all prepackaged?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 01:12 AM PDT

What do physicists do in Antartica?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 06:41 PM PDT

I understand that there is a scientific community down in Antartica. But to my underdtanding, the majority of the science that goes down down there is biology. I assume that every field has its place, as it does everywhere. But what tyoe of experimetation and research goes on for the physics community down in Antartica? And how large of a community?

submitted by /u/Macro_Nerd
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How did the early space probe cameras get the correct focus?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 11:36 PM PDT

Did they automatically adjust the focus of the images? How? Or are the distance large enough that it's not needed?

submitted by /u/regionalwhale
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If there is an underground ocean 400-600 km deep down the earth, is it possible for it to contain life?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 03:07 AM PDT

My guess the temperature will be from 800C to 2000C, but this is a hard thing to prove. And how far did scientists reach for life signs deep down the earth?

submitted by /u/dukenukem3
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How would the CH-47 Chinook deal with anti-torque/main rotor loss?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 08:28 AM PDT

Would they be able to auto-rotate to attempt an emergency landing? Or would the be like the MV-22b Osprey, and be unable to auto-rotate?

submitted by /u/TheGoodDoctor413
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How does fire behave in zero gravity?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 07:11 AM PDT

Besides the typical "flames are spherical in zero gravity", does fire expand, and if so, how and why? If you were to be in zero gravity with a flammable gas, and set fire to said gas, what would happen? Any other information worth mentioning would be appreciated as well

submitted by /u/grimskull1
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Why does a coin make the noise it does when flipped?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 06:15 AM PDT

While I have an idea how this might work, I'm unsure if this is just due to the coin spinning or if it's from whatever initial friction applied from my finger

submitted by /u/Apsconsus
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Why are pancakes round, and what's the role of gravity and surface tension in this?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 04:49 PM PDT

I read the same short answer everywhere "Pancakes are round because gravity pulls on fluid uniformly. When batter hits the griddle from above, it gets tugged down into a circle" I'm not really convinced, so it would be really helpful if someone explains it in a clear way.

submitted by /u/mahdi_diab
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Do radionuclides react with neutrinos more often than stable isotopes?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 09:47 PM PDT

From a point on the near-surface of the moon, what path would the Earth trace in the 'sky'?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 12:46 PM PDT

The moon is tidaly locked with earth, so it shouldn't move too much in the sky, however due to procession and an imperfect orbit, I would expect a timelapse of Earth taken from the surface to 'move' at least little bit, perhaps tracing out an ellipse or figure-8 over time. Google didn't seem to have any answers.

submitted by /u/Ghosttwo
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Why don't we have a global electrical network?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 06:28 PM PDT

I mean something like the internet, but for energy. Isn't it more economical to share generation resources? Especially considering the developments in transmission technology (e.g. HVDC).

submitted by /u/Aroundinacircle
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Is there a cure or just a way to manage PTSD?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 07:39 PM PDT

Ive been told that people can manage PTSD but cant actually heal it. I just want to know if this is true or if it is curable. If it is curable, how is it possible? If it's not, why not? I couldn't find anything about this in the research I did.

submitted by /u/b_emrick2
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How much sound would an explosion produce in space, due to the gases released at high velocity which produce a pressure difference compared to vacuum? Would it be audible?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 05:43 PM PDT

Also, let's set aside any biological problems with a human ear in a vacuum, and suppose this is a sturdy vacuum-resistant microphone. The key point is the ability of a pressure wave to produce detectable sound-frequency oscillations in a membrane. Whether there are enough dB to be theoretically perceived by a human would be good to know, though.

submitted by /u/contravariant_
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Why can I use my pancake as a stylus?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 08:56 AM PDT

Is the energy in a collision of a photon with a surface conserved?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 10:15 PM PDT

If a photon were to reflect off of a hard surface like a mirror in the opposite direction would the wavelength be longer because it lost energy or would the energy be the same? Like if a color, for example blue, were reflected in a mirror would the image in the mirror be a little redder than the actual material? Thanks, Greasejunkie

submitted by /u/greasejunkie
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Why do rotor blades or fidget spinners seem to spin the other way when they spin too fast?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 04:17 PM PDT

Death - what is it and what happens after?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 04:02 PM PDT

Hello late night science-lovers,

Sometimes when I watch science programs, interviews, etc. about death I get this empty feeling inside when picturing total blackout for eternity after death. As a believer in science and as an atheist I'm sure that would be the way to picture it. Or am I wrong? I wouldn't say I'm afraid of death itself, I'm just really afraid of what comes after - or the lack thereof, I guess.

Are you afraid of death? And how do you picture everything post-death? Is there even any proof of anything related to death? (Besides all the hoax stories and the fact that we all will experience it at some point).

Thank you in advance!

Note: I realize this question is kind of edgy and out there, but I hope you understand what I'm trying to express.

EDIT 1: Just want to clarify that I'm not - in any way - looking for comfort haha. Just want to ask people with a flair for science what their opinion is on death.

EDIT 2: Grammar :/

submitted by /u/bragi_
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How does NASA communicate with and control the Mars Rover all the way from Earth?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 10:03 AM PDT

Exhaust pressure for maximum specific impulse?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 11:40 AM PDT

I heard that rocket nozzles are made in a way, so that the exhaust has the same denisty as the surrounding space.

But wouldn't you get the most thrust if you would shoot out the exhaust as straight as possible?

submitted by /u/feinfinfer
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Why does the mass of the Higgs Boson indicate it is metastable?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 08:45 AM PDT

Also, from what I understand a vacuum state in field theory is when a quantum state is in its lowest possible energy. Wikipedia says this generally means it contains no physical particles. Would this not imply that every other fields such as the electron, gluon, quark, z boson, photon field etc etc be metastable as well? I'm just somewhat confused.

submitted by /u/xbq222
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Thursday, June 8, 2017

Why are the elements "Technetium" and "Promethium" radioactive when all other radioactive elements have much higher radioactive numbers?

Why are the elements "Technetium" and "Promethium" radioactive when all other radioactive elements have much higher radioactive numbers?


Why are the elements "Technetium" and "Promethium" radioactive when all other radioactive elements have much higher radioactive numbers?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 05:32 AM PDT

Can radiation be 'removed' or neutralised in anyway? (Even if just in theory)

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 06:51 AM PDT

Why are there pills for some allergies but not others? Example: there are pills for seasonal allergies but not for peanut allergies.

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 10:14 PM PDT

Got my first mosquito bite of the summer today! Itches like a mother lover. I applied some anti-itch cream which seemed to help, but I couldn't help but wonder why we have pills for certain types of allergies and not for, say, a mosquito saliva allergy.

Am I missing something here? Are all allergies really that different? If so what makes them that way?

submitted by /u/jeegan_kones
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Homo Sapiens of 300.000 years old or Biblical 6000 years of manhood: Carbon dating?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 04:02 AM PDT

Today I red on a news website that they found another human skull in Morocco, dated as apr. 300.000 years old:

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/science/human-fossils-morocco.html?_r=0

I'm very interested in this because at I'm trying to determine wether science is right about our world history, or the Bible. Since the Bible claims that humans exist for only 6000 years, direct evidence of a human skull of 300.000 old would be most easy way to falsify the bible.

Before I make that assumption, I wonder if those datings are accurate (enough). I red that scientists determine the formulas for carbon dating with trees and tree rings. I red that tree rings are pretty accurate in dating trees, and by comparing the rings of trees with the carbon in the trees, and with other objects we know the dating of, they could determine the relationships between carbon decrease and time. Thus, using this formula we can extrapolate carbon dating on other objects, that are much older than the trees used to verify the carbon decrease formulas.

At the other hand, Bible defenders claim that these extrapolations aren't reliable (enough?), for longer time measurements. Since (I red that) the objects used with the longest known timeframe, the trees, aren't older than a few thousand years old, we can never be sure if the constructed formulas would work for much longer time periods. To support this claim, they claim that probably the Biblical flood (a.k.a. Noach's ark or the epos of Gilgamesj) is responsible for destroying trees older than a few thousand years. Besides having no reliable evidence of accurate extrapolations, the flood could have been interfering with radiation that has an impact on carbon decrease.

That's why I wonder the following:

  • What kind of verification is used to support carbon dating extrapolations?
  • What are the oldest objects (with known dating, other than chemical dating methods) used for these kind of measurements?

I hope you can give me some good evidence or information, so I can apply this on my study of science vs. the Bible!

submitted by /u/indeduction
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What is the difference between ATLAS and CMS?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 06:00 AM PDT

I was wondering what the difference between both was. Both detector wise and the way they treat their channels (like H->gamma gamma, etc). I've been trying to read the papers but they seem too technical to me.

submitted by /u/JosVermeulen
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How does Earth's eccentricity change over time?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 07:54 PM PDT

Known as Milankovitch cycles, Earth's eccentricity changes from nearly circular to elliptical, which is the hypothesis for the formation of ice ages.

How does this work?

submitted by /u/sbundlab
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Can the strands of DNA accidentally get tied into a knot?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 05:08 PM PDT

If they can, does it matter?

submitted by /u/Viking_Lordbeast
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Is there a physical limit for the size of a star?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 02:03 PM PDT

I mean when the temperature of the core of the star reaches to 15.000.000 K, fusion begins, thus a star ignites. When the star ignites, the surrounding gas and clouds are gradually pushed forward as far as I can uderstand from documentaries, right? If this is the case, then why are some stars much much bigger than the others? [Is there a limit for how much big a star can be when it is formed?] You may answer that there is plenty of hydrogene which makes stars bigger, but no matter how much fuel there is, the point of fusion is fixed and once the star is born the rest of the material is cleared around. What am I missing? Note: Sorry for English, it is not my native lang.

submitted by /u/FlagellumDeiTR
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Could we (in theory) build floating houses using satellites?

Posted: 08 Jun 2017 04:11 AM PDT

Assuming the satellite couldn't be pulled out of orbit, could we in theory hang something (i.e a house) from a satellite in geosynchronous orbit so that it appears to float (let's say maybe 20 or so feet off the ground)? If possible, how strong cables would we need to support it? Also, would it even stay in the same place, or gradually drift over time?

Thanks for any responses!

submitted by /u/ZeNugget
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The Huygens probe hit Saturn's Moon (Titan) in 2005. If we would land there in 2017, would it still be intact or recognizable since Titan has tough weather?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 02:20 PM PDT

I'm asking this because Saturn's Moon Titan has weather. Methane and nitrogen rises up and rains down as liquid methane and liquid nitrogen. Does this damage the probe somehow, making it unrecognizable?

submitted by /u/UtzkaJastinban
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Atomic Force Microscopy Explanation?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 04:47 PM PDT

I have been trying to read up on how AFM works and am having trouble understanding- can anyone here help a struggling biochemist out?

submitted by /u/zhangover
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Why is the probability of a fast neutron causing fission lower than that of a thermal neutron?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 12:10 PM PDT

I understand that it happens. I've seen the charts and understand the math but what I can't figure out is why. It seems counterintuitive that a slow moving object is more likely to break apart something than a fast moving object. Any theories/explanations for this would be super helpful.

submitted by /u/Rideron150
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Is it faster flying opposite the Earths rotation?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 03:17 PM PDT

Is there a difference in which way you fly around the Earth. E.g Flying from east to west or west to east.

submitted by /u/Conquestchase
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How does a circuit breaker detect a problem?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 12:46 PM PDT

Like when the breaker jumps. How does it detect that there's too much electricity or something (probably not electricity, I don't know what it it).

submitted by /u/SchnauzerCat
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Do the other 8 planets have a necessary effect on keeping Earth in the "Goldilocks Zone"?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 06:44 AM PDT

This question stems from a conversation I had with my SO, that ended with the following: "If all the planets in our solar system suddenly magically disappeared, what would happen to Earth?" What are some other similar scenarios and how could they play out?

submitted by /u/Kyren11
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How does the Bernoulli effect relate to the Coanda effect? Is one a generalization of the other?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 02:29 PM PDT

Would aluminium spontaneously join to itself in a near-vacuum?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 11:51 AM PDT

It seems crazy to me, but from what I've read, the reason metallic bonds can't spontaneously form between two blocks of aluminium in physical contact is because the outside layers of molecules are aluminium oxide, which can't form the metallic bonds. So if the outside layers could be prevented from becoming oxides by removing the oxygen from the air around the metal, could it spontaneously join to other solid pieces of the metal?

I may be misunderstanding the theory a lot here. I assume the joining would require some energy input?

Not sure if physics or chemistry is more appropriate.

submitted by /u/MinosAristos
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How did the systems work on the first NASA spaceships without computers?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 01:58 PM PDT

Google tells me the first space launch was in 1961. However, back then, computers were around the size of a fridge or bigger. How did the life-support, and other systems function on rockets back before modern computers.

Was it mostly mechanical? Or was there a mainframe type thing somewhere in the spaceship that could perform necessary tasks?

submitted by /u/phlipfloppgeorge
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Can someone please explain why escape velocity is necessary?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 11:34 AM PDT

So here's my thought: if I have a rocket (let's pretend for the moment it has infinite, weightless energy with which to move) and I take off at say, 100 kph. If I keep a constant velocity what will prevent me from leaving the planet?

submitted by /u/theBuddhaofGaming
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When is Mt. Rainier projected to erupt again?

Posted: 07 Jun 2017 07:39 AM PDT