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Wednesday, April 19, 2017

Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow?

Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow?


Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:26 PM PDT

Maybe my question is unclear. Since aliments like peanuts are high in calories, I wonder if they need more energy to grow based on my knowledge of transformation of energy, thus if it "costs" more to the environment to grow it.

submitted by /u/TestAccountPIzIgnore
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What is a negative temperature state?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 02:10 PM PDT

Read comment on an article about WSU physicists "creating negative mass" with super-cooled rubidium atoms.

One of the explanations was a negative temperature moment

To me it sounds like a phenomenon related to negative temperature. By applying those lasers, the atoms were confined, which also bounded the energy upwards, and at the same time excited by those lasers. When you pump in more energy than it takes for maximum entropy state, the whole system starts behaving as a negative-temperature system – microstates with higher energy are favoured, as the total energy is too high anyway. Apply a force – a potential field, and atoms will flow towards higher energy states – towards the direction the force was applied from.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-04-physicists-negative-mass.html#jCp

submitted by /u/Creator_caged
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How do bosons work?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 04:35 PM PDT

I understand that 17 elementary particles exist, 12 fermions and 5 bosons. I also understand that bosons 'carry' the four fundamental forces of the universe. Photon=electromagnetism, gluon=strong force, Z and W=weak force, and Higgs gives particles mass, carrying gravity. But what does it mean by "carry"? And how do bosons do it?

Please explain as you would to a 14 year old in advanced classes with a very basic understanding of quantum mechanics and physics, because I am.

submitted by /u/IAmSpartaqus
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In the eighteenth century, there was a belief in a 'Bonona Stone' which could absorb light and stay luminous for a short period of time. Is this scientifically possible? And what this likely to geologically be?

Posted: 19 Apr 2017 03:39 AM PDT

I originally found a reference to the 'Bonona Stone' in Goethe's 'The Sorrows of Young Werther', and can't find any other information. Any help is appreciated!

submitted by /u/herbaltea123
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Why is direction of dipole moment from - to + ?

Posted: 19 Apr 2017 05:36 AM PDT

I know that this is the convectional sign. But you do not simply put it from - to + . I would like an exact answer

submitted by /u/BonSim
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Can events outside event A's light cone causally influence event A in the future?

Posted: 19 Apr 2017 04:31 AM PDT

What's wrong with this inconsistency between the microcanonical and canonical emsembles?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 10:28 AM PDT

This is what I understand: In the microcanonical ensemble, a system of N particles is confined to a certain volume V, adiabatically separated from the outside worldwide, meaning its energy E is fixed. A magnitude called entropy is related to the amount of configurations available to the system with the given energy. The temperature of the system is related to the derivative of the entropy with respect to the energy E. So, it appears that, with the exception of certain systems with linear relation between this magnitudes, there is a local biyection between them. So, how is it posible for the canonical ensemble to claim that the system is at fixed temperature T and that its energy fluctuates? I mean, if the energy changes, so does the derivative of S with respect to E and therefore T. Is temperature defined differently for the canonical ensemble?

submitted by /u/Paul-Lubanski
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What are the issues with using tritium as fuel for a radioisotope photoelectric generator?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 11:27 PM PDT

What happens as two black holes get closer together and eventually collide?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 06:32 PM PDT

What effect do the black holes have on each other and the surrounding space? Is their gravitational pull magnified? What does the collision result in? Sorry if this has been asked before, I was having trouble searching for this question.

submitted by /u/FanMasterJoe
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How does the Foucault Pendulum work if it is within Earth's atmosphere that is rotating along with Earth?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 01:09 PM PDT

If the Foucault Pendulum works, then I should be able to hover above Earth in a helicopter and let the Earth's rotation do my traveling for me. Am I missing something??

submitted by /u/shklowaway
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Did Bipedal Dinosaurs Hop?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:05 PM PDT

Bipedal dinosaurs are always depicted walking like humans, but is there any evidence to indicate some might have hopped like birds or kangaroos?

submitted by /u/Hitaka02
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How does three way calling work on a typical cell phone?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 06:42 PM PDT

I was watching homeland and saw a scene where a person picked up a phone, dialed someone else into the call, and the newcomer was able to trace the initial call. I have always assumed that on a three way call one person acts as a host and relays information between all parties but I don't know if that is accurate. Is this assumption correct and can anyone provide more information about the protocol if it is not?

submitted by /u/hrtachetosing
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Is there a difference between human nerve endings?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 06:33 PM PDT

I was thinking about how the clitoris or penis can send so many signals of arousal and pleasure but another part of the body with a lot of nerve endings like the finger tips don't send any feelings of arousal. Do humans have different types of nerve endings at different places in the body that can only send signals of pain or signals of pleasure or do all nerves have the ability to signal both pleasure and pain at different times?

submitted by /u/Heavymayo
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After reading the scenario I have written in the post can you tell me will the distance taken by each car to reach 100mph be the same or different?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 11:35 PM PDT

The answer to this seemed obvious but after second thoughts and arguments at work it got complicated.

Scenario Two cars drive from 0-100 mph. Both cars accelerate at a perfect constant rate but one has a faster constant rate than the other. Both cars are identical in weight, size and shape. Both have the same sized wheels and imagine there is no need for a gear change so the acceleration rates remain constant. The road is absolutely straight and flat and there is no wind resistance.

Question After reading the scenario I have written in the comments can you tell me will the distance taken by each car to reach 100mph be the same or different?

submitted by /u/Brad_Barry
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Why is Dark Matter generally accepted as the probable answer to the missing mass problem rather than Modified Gravity?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 11:18 PM PDT

This paper gives some related background information to the question I am asking: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.5904.pdf

submitted by /u/chauncemaster
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Why isn't space exploration done above or below our poles?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 10:35 PM PDT

I was trying to do a thought experiment involving entropy and thermal radiation and came up with an impossible result. What did I do wrong?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 09:31 PM PDT

First, I am by no means experienced with physics, I personally study chemistry; so please bear with me.

As the title says I was doing a thought experiment out of sheer curiosity. We can imagine a large hollow sphere that is perfect in shape and is a completely isolated system with a smaller perfect sphere perfectly centered inside of it. We're assuming that the whole system was in thermal equilibrium to start, and that all materials involved absorb radiation equally across the entire spectrum. Because it is a completely isolated system, no energy is leaving it in the form of radiation, it's only in the shell or the sphere or the space between.

We'll call the radius of the inner sphere R₁ and the radius of the outer shell R₂, the luminosity will be represented by L₁ and L₂ and in case they're needed: T₁ and T₂ respectively for the temperatures of the spheres.

Since R₁ < R₂, we know that the inner surface area of the shell is much larger than the sphere. Using the Stefan–Boltzmann law and the fact that T₁ starts equal to T₂, then L₁ < L₂ since the same energy is emitted per unit area. Assuming all energy emitted by one body is absorbed by the other, then the sphere would be absorbing more energy than it is emitting to the shell. This would heat the sphere and cool the shell until the ratio of R₁/R₂ multiplied by T₁4 is equivalent to T₂4.

But that can't be right, it'd be creating a temperature difference from nothing. It's an isolated system, according to the second law of thermodynamics the entropy of that system could only increase; but in this case it'd be decreasing, so I must be thinking something incorrectly. Otherwise, you could hypothetically hook up a peltier device between the two bodies and forever have electricity
--which as great as it sounds, isn't possible as far as I know. So where did I go wrong?

submitted by /u/Kapitalist_Pigdog
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Does space between particles impact electrical conductive properties?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:17 PM PDT

Alright, so this is an odd one. I was watching Star Trek: DS9 (I know, it's not the best one but as a ST fan I feel the need to power through it) S06 E09. In this episode Miles, Julian, and Dax get shrunk down to about a centimeter tall. Miles and Julian find themselves in one of the display consoles when Julian goes to sit on some part. Miles stops him and says that the part is carrying about 30 milliamps of electricity. Not enough to harm a normal sized human but more than enough to kill a centimeter tall sized human. Now normally I'd accept this and move on but they made it very clear that the number of atoms in the three hadn't been reduced in number but only that the space between the 'parts' (I'm assuming the space between the quarks) had been reduced. So my question is this. Disregarding the impossibility of shrinking a human in such a way would 30 milliamps be enough to kill a centimeter sized person assuming they had the same number of atoms, quarks, etc.?

submitted by /u/Dranthe
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What is keeping the proton and neutron in a hydrogen atom from sticking together?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 09:09 PM PDT

What is the difference between an isolated and a closed system in thermodynamics?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 08:37 PM PDT

I was thinking about the second law of thermodynamics, and looked it up to make sure I had it right. Here it says that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. While on the wiki it states that

This can be contrasted with what (in the more common terminology used in thermodynamics) is called a closed system, being enclosed by selective walls through which can pass energy as heat or work, but not matter

What is the difference between the two? Entropy's definition states a gradual decline into disorder, but I feel like it's backwards. Is "disorder" directly correlated to things like diffusion/osmosis? In my head it seems like the natural process of these things trend toward an order of sorts, where things are equal...

submitted by /u/TrapHappier
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Tuesday, April 18, 2017

Ligo gravitational observatory and nuclear bombs?

Ligo gravitational observatory and nuclear bombs?


Ligo gravitational observatory and nuclear bombs?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 04:19 AM PDT

Could a nuclear bomb trigger ligo? Would we know what it was?

submitted by /u/CLPaul
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Can Negative Mass exist?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 05:34 PM PDT

Some of you might know that according to the news, some fellas have been able to successfully create a liquid with atoms that accelerate as if they had Negative Mass (backwards instead of forwards).

I'm no physicist but even I know the mind boggling weight that such a discovery carries and that the very Second Law of Newton just gets thrown out the window in this circumstance.

So does such a breakthrough add evidence that Negative Mass can exist?

submitted by /u/Allosaurys1113
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Can anyone give a comprehensive explanation of sunglass lenses?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 07:24 PM PDT

Reading up on sunglasses is confusing as heck, especially for anyone hoping to save a bit of money. There's a lot of science here, and I'm having a lot of trouble finding a proper comprehensive rundown of everything that's involved, and what it all winds up meaning for consumers.

First you need to decide wether you want CR-39, Polycarbonate, Trivex, or Glass lenses. Does it even matter? Well, it might. If you're buying cheap and the glasses don't come with much (or any) reliable info, at least you'll know they're relatively UV resistant if they're Polycarbonate or Trivex, because that's a natural quality of those two solutions. Even still, they're not naturally UV400 compliant, so additional treatment/layers/coatings are needed to achieve that. Speaking of which, what the heck is UV400 and how does it differ from the other standards? Which is best? How much does it matter if you get a pair of sunglasses that doesn't explicitly comply. Are there various levels of compliance?

What about how UV and Polarization are even achieved? There are different methods, but what are they, and which are the most effective/desirable? Again, how much does it really matter? I know if it's a coating that easily wears off, that's bad, but how common is that? I've read that some Polarization is incorporated right into the lens itself, some are layered into the middle of the lense between sheets of glass, and some are just a film that's applied to the outside. What are the differences? There's no Polarization standard as far as I know, so how do you know what you're getting? Which is best?

I've heard lens clarity and uniformity can be a big deal, but aren't always easily perceptible. I've heard ones with lower clarity/uniformity can stress eyes and eventually cause notable eye problems. Is that accurate? How does one identify good lenses in this regard?

I'm sure I'm missing quite a bit, but I hope someone who knows more about this topic can give a lot more information.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/diversification
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The false vacuum theory and energy levels of fields?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 05:39 PM PDT

So I have been reading a little bit about the false vacuum theory and am a little confused. From what I have read, the theory states that some mathematics suggests that the Higgs field is not in its ground state energy level and if something were to bump it out of the current stable state that it is in, it could fall to its ground state energy level and that would bring about all sorts of havok. My question is this: Do fields, like the Higgs field, have actual ENERGY states? Much like an electron has discrete energy states in an atom and prefers to be in its ground state. The idea of a field having an energy level is confusing to me. I feel like it would not be an "energy level" like the energy levels of electrons that I am fairly familiar with. EDIT: Spelled Vacuum wrong in the title...

submitted by /u/SonOfaFlynn
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Do people in wheelchairs suffer from deep vein thrombosis more often than other people?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 05:20 PM PDT

With how many drops of water could you mix a single drop of blood and still be able to determine the DNA of the blood sample?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 05:08 AM PDT

Since Gravitationa waves travel at the speed of light, and the speed light is affected by it's medium. Is Gravitation affected by the medium of which it acts?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 04:28 AM PDT

Also can gravitation be "blocked" by black hole singularites or any other extraordinary stellar object?

submitted by /u/Godisen
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Can electromagnetic waves be represented as real numbers? If so, does this mean we have infinite frequencies?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 07:34 PM PDT

After posting an article about the selling of radio waves used by TV stations to some of the top mobile and internet-based providers, it got me to thinking. Can radio frequencies be mathematically represented as "real numbers" as in PI for example. If the above is true, does this mean frequencies are infinite; so why can we not develop hardware that can be fine tuned to any frequency so that there are infinite amounts of frequencies for anyone to use? That way it will not interfere with government / emergency regulated frequencies.

submitted by /u/subless
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What is the difference between read-only and re-writable CDs?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:49 AM PDT

What specifically determines if a disk is re-writable or not? Is it a physical characteristic, or software contained on the disk?

submitted by /u/Ickleslimer
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Can gut bacteria really make humans crave certain unhealthy foods?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 10:43 PM PDT

Fluid dynamics question -- Why does a water nozzle repel with less force as I move an object closer to it?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 02:27 AM PDT

http://imgur.com/Myq31FJ

Wasn't sure exactly how to phrase the title, and hopefully this is the right sub.

Many swimming pools have those nozzles in the side walls that shoot out a constant stream of water, often quite powerfully. Of course, if I place my hand in front of such a nozzle, my hand is pushed away. However, I've noticed that if I get my hand close enough to the nozzle (within a centimeter or so), the force pushing my hand away suddenly decreases. The flow also seems to transition from turbulent to more or less laminar (not sure if that's the right term). Hopefully my lovely MS Paint drawing helps demonstrate the phenomenon.

I've also found that this occurs when blowing on a piece of paper. If the paper is several inches away, the force is as you'd expect. But if you move the paper very close to your lips, it almost seems to 'stick' to your lips with relative ease, even while blowing with the same strength.

I'm sure this phenomenon is well known, I'm just curious what it is and why it occurs. I have a couple guesses... The first is that it has to do with the direction of flow. When the object in question is far away from the nozzle, the fluid gains a velocity in a direction perpendicular to the object, and the object forces the fluid to significantly change velocity, thus a force is imposed upon the fluid and the object. When the object is closer to the nozzle, the fluid never gains that velocity perpendicular to the object in the first place (but that doesn't make much sense, because it's still flowing perpendicular to the object before it exits the nozzle).

My other guess is that it relates to Bernoulli's principle. Specifically, once the object is close enough to the nozzle, the fluid is forced to accelerate to a high enough speed (travelling along the object's surface) that Bernoulli's principle lowers the pressure of the fluid a fair amount.

The second one seems to make much more sense to me.

submitted by /u/impractical_zoner
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What do people mean when they say that EM waves are perpendicular electric and magnetic waves?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 10:39 PM PDT

I am a bit confused on how EM radiation works. What does it mean that photon's waves are both electric and magnetic? Why are these fields perpendicular? How are they both at the same time? How does this relate to things like magnets and electricity that powers my house?

Also, how does a photon act as a wave? How exactly is it oscillating?

submitted by /u/spidermaniscool42
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In intrinsic (or pure) semi-conductors what happens to electrons that are liberated by energy?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 12:38 AM PDT

Do dogs have object permanence? If not, is there any way it can be taught to them?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 05:11 PM PDT

Why are the solutions of second order differential equations added to give a single solution?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 12:19 PM PDT

If you solve the differential equation's auxiliary function and two real roots, a and b, are obtained why are the solutions added as the auxiliary function is found by using y=Aemx not y=Aeax+Bebx

submitted by /u/thenicestdickhead
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Why does it seem like a lot of popular treatments for PTSD (CBT, Psychotherapy, EMDR) have such limited benefit? Why do we use them if we know they don't have a high likelihood of making a big long term difference?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 04:53 PM PDT

I have read that CBT helps some people but is less helpful when there are comorbid issues (PTSD and depression and anxiety etc.) and that EMDR is helpful when there is one traumatic incident but not for Complex PTSD where there is ongoing trauma for example child abuse.

Why do we use these methods if they have such limited success? Why not just use psychological drugs straight away? (As long as there aren't complications like side effects etc.)

submitted by /u/BU-throw
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How does second-hand smoke affect the development of a child? How does it differ from first-hand use in terms of effects and ability for busy to recover?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 04:08 PM PDT

I grew up in a household with an indoor-smoking parent from approximately 1 years old to when I was about 12. In my twenties now. I'm curious about how much this second-hand exposure affected my development and wondering how much recovery is possible after exposure has ceased. I read the answer for smoking at https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/177ib0/what_happens_to_the_deposit_of_tar_and_other/ but an specifically asking about child development and second-hand smoke. Is it ever possible to recover completely?

I'm also interested in contrasting how second-hand exposure differs from first-hand use in terms of bodily effects and in terms of possible recovery.

submitted by /u/smokinggunquestion
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How exactly does our brain remember faces of others and associate that to the people they belong to? Is there a "compartment" where these sort of records are stored?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 07:11 PM PDT

Monday, April 17, 2017

How do split-brain patients manage coordinated motor tasks?

How do split-brain patients manage coordinated motor tasks?


How do split-brain patients manage coordinated motor tasks?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 07:47 AM PDT

I've read about how people, after a complete corpus callosotomy, can continue performing tasks requiring coordinated action from their right and left sides, e.g. running. Yet, if the brain hemispheres can not communicate directly, then in such cases, how does the coordination, or even the initiation of a gross action occur? Could it be like this:

Let's say there is a stimulus to run, e.g. a dinosaur comes chasing and both hemisphere fire, yet whichever side gets going first, the other side starts complementing it with a response that will keep the body balanced and running. E.g. If one side speeds up, the other either agrees and speeds up accordingly, or maybe it quarrels. But both sides know that it is in their interest to escape the velociraptor.

Essentially, I'd guess that the hemispheres' coordination is via the feedback that they receive from the already effectuated actions of their other half. Maybe this occurs on a subconscious level for both sides? Anyways, if true, I can't understand how it doesn't lead to massive problems, e.g. you see your Ex and one side want's to interact and the other wants to walk off. On the other hand, does the operation enable legitimate multitasking?

Finally, as a extra, is there any resolution for the debate on whether split brains constitute to 2 incomplete minds in 1 body? It seems reasonable to say, no? Sorry for the long post.

submitted by /u/infernotongue
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[physics] If a bullet is shot straight up in the air, how long does it hang motionless before returning? Can this length of time be measured?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 06:49 PM PDT

What does the blast site look like after a nuclear detonation in the middle of a mountain?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 04:53 PM PDT

North Korea has been testing nuclear devices in tunnels dug deep into a mountain. After a detonation, what does the blast site look like? Is it a large empty cavity? Is it a space filled with pulvarized rock?

Also, considering their nuclear devices are in the relatively low kiloton-range, what would a moderately sized megaton-range blast site look like?

submitted by /u/webby_mc_webberson
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Why do some places show a long-term decline in sea level and others a rise?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 08:38 PM PDT

There's a sea level monitoring site in Alaska that shows a long-term decline in sea level.

I don't understand how this can happen? If there is a global sea level rise shouldn't everywhere be rising?

Genuinely curious. Thanks.

submitted by /u/outbackdude
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If a bullet is shot straight into the air; how fast/dangerous will it be when it comes back down ?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 05:17 AM PDT

So if I'm not wrong with this, it would be as fast as it was when fired if there was no air resistance. How much slower will it generally be in reality ? Is it still deadly ? How much damage can it still cause ?

submitted by /u/plusko
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Why is iron attracted to a magnet, but chromium isn't?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 08:09 AM PDT

(Below 38 degrees Celsius, at least.)

The explanation I've always gotten is, roughly, 'well, in chromium each atom pairs with another atom, cancelling out the magnetic field' (i.e. antiferromagnetism) - but this leaves a lot to be desired. Why do such pairings form in chromium but not in iron? And why do such pairings form in such a way to cancel out the magnetic field? On a large scale, it's energetically favorable for magnets to orient themselves such that their fields add - why is it any different on an atomic scale?

submitted by /u/PMOS-FTL
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Is there any validity to the claim that Epsom salts "Increase the relaxing effects of a warm bath after strenuous exertion"? If so, what is the Underlying mechanism for this effect?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 07:43 AM PDT

This claim is printed in wide type on this box of ES we've got & I'm curious.

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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How much environmental impact does municipal solid waste have versus industrial waste?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 09:32 PM PDT

I can't seem to find any estimates or data about tonnage or environmental impact on industrial waste, what reason is there for this? How does industrial waste compare to municipal waste?

submitted by /u/_nightwatchman_
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Why, in String Theory, would other dimensions be curled up for us not to perceive them ?

Posted: 17 Apr 2017 02:27 AM PDT

String Theory suggests that there are more than 3 spatial dimensions. The proposed reason we don't see those dimensions are that they are "curled up" (Brian Greene uses the example of a hose or a cable that, viewed from afar, is a straight line, but to an ant it's something that can be walked over and around). However, in the famous "Flatland" thought experiment, the flatlanders have no perception of the 3rd dimension. Extrapolating from this, I don't understand the requirement of those extra dimensions to be curled up for us not to perceive them. We wouldn't perceive them simply because we don't exist in them. So what am I missing ?

submitted by /u/glaurent
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Can units of temperature be defined in terms of mass, length, and time?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 02:47 PM PDT

I have heard all fundamental quantities can be expressed as a measurement based on these 3 quantities (i.e. kilogram, metre, second). I was just wondering how exactly temperature can be represented in this way.

submitted by /u/CallMeDoc24
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Is there a clear neurological distinction between addiction and just really wanting something, or are they on the same spectrum?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 12:25 PM PDT

Does that make sense?

And additionally, from a psychological point of view, are things like hunger and thirst similar to addictions, just beneficial rather than harmful?

submitted by /u/tjenatjenatjena
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Can someone please help me find the original paper about "Compton scattering"?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 10:02 AM PDT

Can someone please help me find the original paper about "Compton scattering" by Arthur holly compton? I can't find it for some reason, i would love to have a link to it!

submitted by /u/idoogy
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Can someone explain to me the vapor carburetor?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 06:11 PM PDT

How does a vapor carburetor make car that previously made 10mpg to 84mpg/us? (23.5215 to 2.80017 l/100km)

submitted by /u/Knightofjustice123
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How can a hole in superconductor contain magnetic flux?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 09:27 AM PDT

A WoPhO problem from here reads as follows:

A rectangular superconducting plate of mass m has four dentical circular holes, one near each corner, see figure. Each hole carries a certain magnetic flux (all the four fluxes are equal and of the same polarity). The plate is put on a horizontal surface which is also in a superconducting state. The magnetic push between the plate and the surface compensates the weight of the plate when the width of the air gap beneath the plate is dd, which is much smaller than the distance between the plate's and holes' edges (denoted by Δ in figure); dd is also much smaller than the radii of the holes. When the plate levitates in such a way above the support, the frequency of its small vertical oscillations is v. Next, a load of mass M is put on the plate, so that the load lays on the plate, and the plate levitates above the support. What is the new frequency v' of small vertical oscillations (when the load and plate together oscillate up and down)?

Maybe my question is stupid, but... how can a hole in superconductor carry a magnetic flux? Can it be explained this way: the superconductor was cooled to its critical temperature in the presence of appropriate magnetic field and it somehow remembers that magnetic field?

submitted by /u/virnoy
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Concerning the triangle as a musical instrument, and the sound(s) it emits, would a square or a circle or any other shape sound any different?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 10:32 AM PDT

What is it about the chemistry between humans/living creatures and mercury that can kill us?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 06:31 PM PDT

Title says it all really. What is going on chemically with mercury that it has the designation of 'toxic'? I mean, even contact with the skin can allow it into the body right? Does it act like a neurotoxin, does it ionised the electrons in the cell or something crazy? I know that virtual all heavy metals can cause poisoning, but they're not complex concoctions, they're the pure molecular form, and they just sent to wreak massive damage throughout the body

submitted by /u/MegaJackUniverse
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How is protein synthesis regulated spatially?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 09:58 PM PDT

Hey yall,

Sophomore Biology major here and I've been wondering exactly what function in the body makes it possible for certain cells in the body to produce proteins that other cells are unable to make. I know that there are tissue-specific promoters in our DNA, but I want to know how does a cell, for example, know that it is an beta islet cell in the pancreas and produce insulin versus an eye cell that makes alpha crystalline?

Thanks so much!

submitted by /u/efrs291
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How are proteins able to "know" what task to carry out?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 09:34 PM PDT

I understand that they form into particular shapes to allow various molecules through like the Na, K channels & pumps found in the axons of neurons that structurally can only let a particular type of ion through with very selective permeability, but how are some able to swim to where they need to go and carry out tasks? It's beyond me.

submitted by /u/SingularianNeuralNet
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Why are so many hybrids sterile?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 12:38 PM PDT

Shouldn't the problems with hybrids be spread over different sections of the genome? Rather than always in the genetic code for reproduction. Or different problems in different hybrid species rather than the same in all cases.

submitted by /u/Alaric_Silvertongue
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How does our body control how much blood flows into specific areas?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 12:10 PM PDT

If I hold my hand up for a minute or two, it becomes pale. If I do a handstand for a minute, my head becomes red. If I stand on my feet however, everything seems fine and I don't get troubles with not having enough blood in the upper parts of my body. How do we control that?

submitted by /u/SpiceNut
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Can ingestion of phenylalanine in sodas lead to conversion into tyrosine?

Posted: 16 Apr 2017 02:56 PM PDT

So I was reading that tyrosine can be created by converting phenylalanine via phenylalanine hydroxylase. Can the phenylalanine used in diet sodas be used for this conversion? If someone drinks a lot of sodas including phenylalanine, could this lead to an excess of tyrosine?

submitted by /u/GabrielSH77
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