Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, April 19, 2017

Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow?

Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow?


Are high calorie food like chocolate bars more damaging to the environment because the ingredients would cost more energy to grow?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:26 PM PDT

Maybe my question is unclear. Since aliments like peanuts are high in calories, I wonder if they need more energy to grow based on my knowledge of transformation of energy, thus if it "costs" more to the environment to grow it.

submitted by /u/TestAccountPIzIgnore
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What is a negative temperature state?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 02:10 PM PDT

Read comment on an article about WSU physicists "creating negative mass" with super-cooled rubidium atoms.

One of the explanations was a negative temperature moment

To me it sounds like a phenomenon related to negative temperature. By applying those lasers, the atoms were confined, which also bounded the energy upwards, and at the same time excited by those lasers. When you pump in more energy than it takes for maximum entropy state, the whole system starts behaving as a negative-temperature system – microstates with higher energy are favoured, as the total energy is too high anyway. Apply a force – a potential field, and atoms will flow towards higher energy states – towards the direction the force was applied from.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-04-physicists-negative-mass.html#jCp

submitted by /u/Creator_caged
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How do bosons work?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 04:35 PM PDT

I understand that 17 elementary particles exist, 12 fermions and 5 bosons. I also understand that bosons 'carry' the four fundamental forces of the universe. Photon=electromagnetism, gluon=strong force, Z and W=weak force, and Higgs gives particles mass, carrying gravity. But what does it mean by "carry"? And how do bosons do it?

Please explain as you would to a 14 year old in advanced classes with a very basic understanding of quantum mechanics and physics, because I am.

submitted by /u/IAmSpartaqus
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In the eighteenth century, there was a belief in a 'Bonona Stone' which could absorb light and stay luminous for a short period of time. Is this scientifically possible? And what this likely to geologically be?

Posted: 19 Apr 2017 03:39 AM PDT

I originally found a reference to the 'Bonona Stone' in Goethe's 'The Sorrows of Young Werther', and can't find any other information. Any help is appreciated!

submitted by /u/herbaltea123
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Why is direction of dipole moment from - to + ?

Posted: 19 Apr 2017 05:36 AM PDT

I know that this is the convectional sign. But you do not simply put it from - to + . I would like an exact answer

submitted by /u/BonSim
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Can events outside event A's light cone causally influence event A in the future?

Posted: 19 Apr 2017 04:31 AM PDT

What's wrong with this inconsistency between the microcanonical and canonical emsembles?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 10:28 AM PDT

This is what I understand: In the microcanonical ensemble, a system of N particles is confined to a certain volume V, adiabatically separated from the outside worldwide, meaning its energy E is fixed. A magnitude called entropy is related to the amount of configurations available to the system with the given energy. The temperature of the system is related to the derivative of the entropy with respect to the energy E. So, it appears that, with the exception of certain systems with linear relation between this magnitudes, there is a local biyection between them. So, how is it posible for the canonical ensemble to claim that the system is at fixed temperature T and that its energy fluctuates? I mean, if the energy changes, so does the derivative of S with respect to E and therefore T. Is temperature defined differently for the canonical ensemble?

submitted by /u/Paul-Lubanski
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What are the issues with using tritium as fuel for a radioisotope photoelectric generator?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 11:27 PM PDT

What happens as two black holes get closer together and eventually collide?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 06:32 PM PDT

What effect do the black holes have on each other and the surrounding space? Is their gravitational pull magnified? What does the collision result in? Sorry if this has been asked before, I was having trouble searching for this question.

submitted by /u/FanMasterJoe
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How does the Foucault Pendulum work if it is within Earth's atmosphere that is rotating along with Earth?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 01:09 PM PDT

If the Foucault Pendulum works, then I should be able to hover above Earth in a helicopter and let the Earth's rotation do my traveling for me. Am I missing something??

submitted by /u/shklowaway
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Did Bipedal Dinosaurs Hop?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:05 PM PDT

Bipedal dinosaurs are always depicted walking like humans, but is there any evidence to indicate some might have hopped like birds or kangaroos?

submitted by /u/Hitaka02
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How does three way calling work on a typical cell phone?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 06:42 PM PDT

I was watching homeland and saw a scene where a person picked up a phone, dialed someone else into the call, and the newcomer was able to trace the initial call. I have always assumed that on a three way call one person acts as a host and relays information between all parties but I don't know if that is accurate. Is this assumption correct and can anyone provide more information about the protocol if it is not?

submitted by /u/hrtachetosing
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Is there a difference between human nerve endings?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 06:33 PM PDT

I was thinking about how the clitoris or penis can send so many signals of arousal and pleasure but another part of the body with a lot of nerve endings like the finger tips don't send any feelings of arousal. Do humans have different types of nerve endings at different places in the body that can only send signals of pain or signals of pleasure or do all nerves have the ability to signal both pleasure and pain at different times?

submitted by /u/Heavymayo
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After reading the scenario I have written in the post can you tell me will the distance taken by each car to reach 100mph be the same or different?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 11:35 PM PDT

The answer to this seemed obvious but after second thoughts and arguments at work it got complicated.

Scenario Two cars drive from 0-100 mph. Both cars accelerate at a perfect constant rate but one has a faster constant rate than the other. Both cars are identical in weight, size and shape. Both have the same sized wheels and imagine there is no need for a gear change so the acceleration rates remain constant. The road is absolutely straight and flat and there is no wind resistance.

Question After reading the scenario I have written in the comments can you tell me will the distance taken by each car to reach 100mph be the same or different?

submitted by /u/Brad_Barry
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Why is Dark Matter generally accepted as the probable answer to the missing mass problem rather than Modified Gravity?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 11:18 PM PDT

This paper gives some related background information to the question I am asking: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.5904.pdf

submitted by /u/chauncemaster
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Why isn't space exploration done above or below our poles?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 10:35 PM PDT

I was trying to do a thought experiment involving entropy and thermal radiation and came up with an impossible result. What did I do wrong?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 09:31 PM PDT

First, I am by no means experienced with physics, I personally study chemistry; so please bear with me.

As the title says I was doing a thought experiment out of sheer curiosity. We can imagine a large hollow sphere that is perfect in shape and is a completely isolated system with a smaller perfect sphere perfectly centered inside of it. We're assuming that the whole system was in thermal equilibrium to start, and that all materials involved absorb radiation equally across the entire spectrum. Because it is a completely isolated system, no energy is leaving it in the form of radiation, it's only in the shell or the sphere or the space between.

We'll call the radius of the inner sphere R₁ and the radius of the outer shell R₂, the luminosity will be represented by L₁ and L₂ and in case they're needed: T₁ and T₂ respectively for the temperatures of the spheres.

Since R₁ < R₂, we know that the inner surface area of the shell is much larger than the sphere. Using the Stefan–Boltzmann law and the fact that T₁ starts equal to T₂, then L₁ < L₂ since the same energy is emitted per unit area. Assuming all energy emitted by one body is absorbed by the other, then the sphere would be absorbing more energy than it is emitting to the shell. This would heat the sphere and cool the shell until the ratio of R₁/R₂ multiplied by T₁4 is equivalent to T₂4.

But that can't be right, it'd be creating a temperature difference from nothing. It's an isolated system, according to the second law of thermodynamics the entropy of that system could only increase; but in this case it'd be decreasing, so I must be thinking something incorrectly. Otherwise, you could hypothetically hook up a peltier device between the two bodies and forever have electricity
--which as great as it sounds, isn't possible as far as I know. So where did I go wrong?

submitted by /u/Kapitalist_Pigdog
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Does space between particles impact electrical conductive properties?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 03:17 PM PDT

Alright, so this is an odd one. I was watching Star Trek: DS9 (I know, it's not the best one but as a ST fan I feel the need to power through it) S06 E09. In this episode Miles, Julian, and Dax get shrunk down to about a centimeter tall. Miles and Julian find themselves in one of the display consoles when Julian goes to sit on some part. Miles stops him and says that the part is carrying about 30 milliamps of electricity. Not enough to harm a normal sized human but more than enough to kill a centimeter tall sized human. Now normally I'd accept this and move on but they made it very clear that the number of atoms in the three hadn't been reduced in number but only that the space between the 'parts' (I'm assuming the space between the quarks) had been reduced. So my question is this. Disregarding the impossibility of shrinking a human in such a way would 30 milliamps be enough to kill a centimeter sized person assuming they had the same number of atoms, quarks, etc.?

submitted by /u/Dranthe
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What is keeping the proton and neutron in a hydrogen atom from sticking together?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 09:09 PM PDT

What is the difference between an isolated and a closed system in thermodynamics?

Posted: 18 Apr 2017 08:37 PM PDT

I was thinking about the second law of thermodynamics, and looked it up to make sure I had it right. Here it says that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. While on the wiki it states that

This can be contrasted with what (in the more common terminology used in thermodynamics) is called a closed system, being enclosed by selective walls through which can pass energy as heat or work, but not matter

What is the difference between the two? Entropy's definition states a gradual decline into disorder, but I feel like it's backwards. Is "disorder" directly correlated to things like diffusion/osmosis? In my head it seems like the natural process of these things trend toward an order of sorts, where things are equal...

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