Could DNA have a form of primitive "password protection"? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, May 5, 2021

Could DNA have a form of primitive "password protection"?

Could DNA have a form of primitive "password protection"?


Could DNA have a form of primitive "password protection"?

Posted: 04 May 2021 06:36 PM PDT

This question is inspired by a recent post about Covid RNA and why it had a polyA tail (a long sequence of As) at the end. The answers explained that this was a way of tracking the health of the RNA and that it was required for the proteins to be expressed.

Could an organism create a unique or semi unique tail (rather than simply a long series of As), a sort of "password", and use that as a form of protection against viruses that would need to know the exact "password" to hijack the specific organism?

submitted by /u/cordialgerm
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 05 May 2021 07:00 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Immune system question: how did plasma cells get their name?

Posted: 04 May 2021 06:16 PM PDT

I can find information about where they come from and the process to get to a mature plasma cells, but why are they called plasma cells?

submitted by /u/ipinotthefool
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Is the chemical composition of 1st dose and 2nd dose of the Covid-19 vaccines the same?

Posted: 05 May 2021 01:55 AM PDT

I saw a vaccination center that was administering the vaccine only to people taking their second dose. So was wondering is it because the dose 1 and dose 2 are different and they have stock of only the second dose or they are prioritizing the dose 2 as there is timeline within which it needs to be taken. I am in particular referring to the Oxford- AstraZenenca vaccine.

submitted by /u/Ay1997
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Why does it take two weeks post vaccination to create immunity? What is happening at the cellular level?

Posted: 04 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT

I've seen general answers to the question but I'm looking for a specific one. What are the cells produced after vaccination (macrophages, neutrophils, b-cells, t-cells, memory b and t cells, etc) and when are they produced? How do these cells degrade over time, and how do we retain the immunity?

I was curious about this question because we need two weeks post vaccination to develop full immunity. Why is there such a long lag time? Which of these immune cells needs the longer time in order to be produced?

submitted by /u/myomic
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*Why* do oranges or banana peppers have so much vitamin c? Like what is their function that causes some plants to need a ton while others don’t have it at all?

Posted: 04 May 2021 03:17 PM PDT

Can craters like the ones in Yamal peninsula form undersea?

Posted: 04 May 2021 10:32 PM PDT

I stumbled on a Russian video about these craters, and the scientists (on the video) concluded that many were formed in dried lakes when biogenic gas became trapped by the freezing soil, so I wondered if something similar could happen undersea (yes, I know that ocean sediments can't freeze and the pressure there is different).

submitted by /u/Mind-Willing
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Why don't batteries get drained instantly when shorted?

Posted: 04 May 2021 07:26 PM PDT

Hi, I am starting to learn some electrical science and there is one thing that is confusing me. Each battery is rated for a limited amount of current hours (more geerally watt hours but the voltage stays constant so it doesn't really matter). The resistance of a short length of wire is incredibly small. This then means that the current will also be extremely high, since current is voltage over resistance. What I don't understand is why the battery doesn't instantly die when shorted. At first, I thought it was internal resistance, so I meassured the current through the contacts of a nine volt and got a value around 1 microamp. In my mind this would mean that the internal resistance is massive and the battery should be dead, but I put an LED on it and it lights. Am I measuring the current wrong? What prevents batteries from instantly draining when shorted?

submitted by /u/hardmemer069
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What is the difference between strain, mutation and variants? E.g. D614G vs B1.1.7

Posted: 05 May 2021 01:19 AM PDT

Why have we sent so many probes to Mars, yet Venus gets none?

Posted: 04 May 2021 05:42 PM PDT

Why do we send so many probes to Mars, yet Venus gets none? I think that Venus has alot to teach us about our own planet. Sure Mars is a better target if we want to have a permanent presence on a planet(s surface). Venus has a large and complex atmosphere that warrants more investigation.

submitted by /u/roger_ramjett
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Did we know the temperature of space before we went there? How?

Posted: 04 May 2021 05:51 PM PDT

I just learned that space is 2.7 Kelvin (-255 degrees Fahrenheit). If this is true, did we know this before we visited it? How? If we didn't know, how did we survive that temperature?

submitted by /u/passive-thoughts
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Is the eye development process conserved across invertebrates and vertebrates?

Posted: 04 May 2021 06:23 PM PDT

For example, is the process similar enough between xenopus and drosophila to connect them in a project?

submitted by /u/fatgirlvibes
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How is the COVID mRNA vaccines made because COVID is a RNA virus? Specific question about the plasmids used for cloning?

Posted: 04 May 2021 09:30 PM PDT

Hi,

To my understanding, the way we produce mRNA vaccines is through a plasmid, yeah? We take a piece of DNA, insert it into a plasmid, and then into a bacteria for reproduction of that genetic material. But the thing is, this is specific to COVID, but isn't COVID a RNA virus? Would there be some sort of reverse transcription reaction going on with the original RNA to make cDNA, and perhaps that cDNA is replicated again and again through bacteria?

Hope that made sense. Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/geneticsnerd11
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How (and why) can potential energy be negative (and what does that mean) in a potential curve of molecular interaction?

Posted: 05 May 2021 12:26 AM PDT

Why can a 2 Gs/s oscilloscope only measure to 200 MHz?

Posted: 04 May 2021 12:45 PM PDT

I noticed one of the oscilloscopes at work was rated for a maximum sampling rate of 2 Gs/s, but a maximum frequency of 200 MHz. According to the Nyquist theorem, shouldn't it be able to handle up to 1 GHz?

submitted by /u/Soloandthewookiee
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Is there a blood test to determine if you're allergic to Covid vaccines?

Posted: 04 May 2021 09:41 PM PDT

I've read that doctors can administer a topical test but I have a coworker who claimed his doctor gave him a blood test that indicated that we was more likely to have a reaction. Not sure if this is a thing. Also not sure which vaccine it indicated he would have a vaccine to supposedly. He also told me he previously went into anaphylaxis from a flu vaccine which would be the reason why his doctor gave him the test.

submitted by /u/Westerbergs_Smokes
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Are decreasing number of sun spots somehow connected to the ongoing pandemic?

Posted: 04 May 2021 10:18 PM PDT

I read an article in my national news paper that the "sun spots" have been decreasing in number for the last 50 years. And that weaker magnetic field is somehow causally related to the pandemics. And that 21st centuary will be known as the Centuary of Pandemics.

How much of this is true? And how can magnetic field be causal of a viral outbreak?

submitted by /u/tropicaljuiceofsoul
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