How do we know what the magnitude of earthquakes was before the Richter scale was a thing? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, September 30, 2020

How do we know what the magnitude of earthquakes was before the Richter scale was a thing?

How do we know what the magnitude of earthquakes was before the Richter scale was a thing?


How do we know what the magnitude of earthquakes was before the Richter scale was a thing?

Posted: 29 Sep 2020 09:14 PM PDT

I was printing and binding an environmental impact report for a customer today, and one of the pages that caught my eye as I was flipping through had a table of "Significant historical earthquakes in Northern California." All but three of them occurred in 1906 or earlier, including the three largest; a 7.8 in 1906 (the one that decimated San Francisco, I'm assuming), a 7.4 in 1838, and a 7 in 1868. The Richter scale wasn't invented until the 1930s.

So how do we know what magnitude they were, even if it's an estimated range like they show on Wikipedia for some of the more notable California earthquakes rather than an exact number?

submitted by /u/bestem
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AskScience AMA Series: We are Hispanic Americans Working in a Variety of Roles at NASA. Ask us anything!

Posted: 30 Sep 2020 04:00 AM PDT

In honor of National Hispanic Heritage Month, NASA is celebrating our many amazing employees with Hispanic heritage and how they all contribute to our missions in many varied ways. From scientists, engineers and technicians building robots, to flight directors, illustrators and communications specialists, Hispanic Americans help us advance in the exploration of our home planet and the universe.

Team members answering your questions include:

  • Andres Almeida - Digital Content Strategist
  • Begoña Vila - Instrument Systems Engineer for the James Webb Space Telescope
  • Brandon Rodriguez - Education Specialist
  • Carmen Pulido - Clinical psychologist for former astronauts
  • Costa Mavridis - Extravehicular Activities Instructor and Flight Controller
  • Elena Sophia Amador-French - Planetary Geologist
  • Javier Ocasio-Pérez - Mission Integration & Test Manager
  • Kristi Irastorza - Public Affairs Specialist
  • Laura Ramos Lugo - Spanish-Language Communications Multimedia Intern
  • Lizbeth B. De la Torre - Creative Technologist
  • Margaret Dominguez - Optical Engineer
  • Rosa Avalos-Warren - Human Space Flight Mission Manager
  • Vidal Salazar - Project Specialist for Earth Science and Airborne Science

We'll see you all 4pm ET, ask us anything about working at NASA! #HispanicHeritageMonth

Username: /u/nasa

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How do insects perceive sounds?

Posted: 29 Sep 2020 05:10 PM PDT

I found a ton of articles about the physiology of insect hearing but not on how we think they perceive sounds.

For example, the other day I was washing my hand and a tiny little insect was walking on the edge of the faucet. To scale that would be a gigantic and extremely noisy waterfall. Would the insect be able to perceive the other sounds in the room, like the toilet tank getting re-filled, or are they be completely taken by the rushing sound of the gigantic waterfall?

Thanks.

submitted by /u/SkatingOnThinIce
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 30 Sep 2020 08:09 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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Do vaccines also inoculate the fetus of a pregnant woman?

Posted: 29 Sep 2020 04:31 PM PDT

How are vaccines manufactured on a large scale?

Posted: 29 Sep 2020 02:42 PM PDT

What do they do if you have impermissible magnetic material in your body for an MRI? Is there an alternative scanning method?

Posted: 29 Sep 2020 07:11 AM PDT

Does severity of past viral illnesses predict severity of future viral illnesses?

Posted: 29 Sep 2020 08:13 AM PDT

Generally, but of course very curious with regards to COVID-19.

E.g. if you had bad chicken pox as a kid or have a history of getting pretty bad cases of the flu, are these predictors of future severity of other viral illnesses?

And the contrary, if you typically barely get the sniffles from whatever virus and recover quickly.

Are there inherent features of one's immune system that determine typical severity?

TIA!

submitted by /u/Alloalonzoalonsi
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