Reports are coming out that SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in old sewage samples. How many people need to be infected before we can detect viruses in sewage? | AskScience Blog

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Saturday, June 27, 2020

Reports are coming out that SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in old sewage samples. How many people need to be infected before we can detect viruses in sewage?

Reports are coming out that SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in old sewage samples. How many people need to be infected before we can detect viruses in sewage?


Reports are coming out that SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in old sewage samples. How many people need to be infected before we can detect viruses in sewage?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 12:05 PM PDT

The latest report says Spain has detected the virus in a sample from March 2019. Assuming the report is correct, there should have been very few infected people since it was not identified at hospitals at that time.

I guess there are two parts to the question. How much sewage sampling are countries doing, and how sensitive are the tests?

Lets assume they didn't just get lucky, and the prevalence in the population was such that we expect that they will find it.

submitted by /u/almost_useless
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How can medicines like ibuprofen and acetaminophen work on a number of (seemingly) unrelated symptoms (reducing fevers, joint pain, muscle pain, headaches, toothaches, etc.)? Do they do just one thing that affects all of these processes or do they do lots of different things at once?

Posted: 27 Jun 2020 06:49 AM PDT

If you don't experience(or experience very mild) covid-19 symptoms, does that mean the virus hasn't done much damage to your lungs/system?

Posted: 27 Jun 2020 01:35 AM PDT

Basically the title.

Out of all the covid-19 cases, most are mild or asymptomatic but does that mean that the body successfully defended itself from the virus or it just means that the virus still might've caused (irreversible?) damage but the body didn't show?

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Do people require acclimation for descending into the earth the same way they require it when climbing a mountain?

Posted: 27 Jun 2020 06:40 AM PDT

First, I'd like to say I'm not sure if the flair I'm using is the most accurate and appropriate for my question. I've started out with biology, but if another flair would be more appropriate please let me know and I'll change it promptly.

I've always wondered what sort of acclimation a relatively straight descent into earth would require. When I Google underground acclimation, however, I mostly hear about acclimating to the heat as you descent (which is another good thing to learn about and an important factor).

I understand that as you descend underground, you get an increase in pressure. My question: would you need to make occasional stops to adjust to the change in pressure as you go deeper underground? And an additional question, if I'm allowed: on your way up from being underground, would you need to make occasional stops for the same reason?

submitted by /u/all-out-fallout
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How often do viruses mess with the adaptive immune system?

Posted: 27 Jun 2020 03:49 AM PDT

My understanding is that essentially every virus capable of causing an infection in a human has some means of messing with the innate immune system so as not to immediately be wiped out by it. But how common is it for viruses to have non-structural proteins in their genome that are targeted at messing with the adaptive immune system?

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How do we count the speed of Jupiter/Saturn's actual rotation, as opposed to the "wind" speed?

Posted: 27 Jun 2020 01:35 AM PDT

This applies to all gas giants as well. How can we tell the rotation of a planet if its atmosphere is opaque and also moving?

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If it takes the earth 23hrs 56m to rotate, why dont days get offset the closer we get to the leap day?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 11:52 AM PDT

After you recover from the flu, do you carry that flu virus with you or do you clear that flu virus?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 03:40 PM PDT

I see lots of posts along the lines of Stonehenge MAY have been used as a solar calender. Why is this a hard question to answer? Surely it aligns closely to the movements of the sun or not? Does it have any value as an analytical tool or not?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 02:01 PM PDT

Can we really tell apart Covid19-antibodies from other Coronavirus antibodies ?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 04:33 PM PDT

Does genetic recombination only occur at gene boundaries?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 07:22 PM PDT

I'm specifically interested in human cells. I know that on average 50 chiasmata form across the 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (though rarely on #13, #14, #15, #21, #22, or #23) during meiosis, and that all of the base pairs past the point where the chiasma forms are swapped between those two chromosomes.

How the chiasmata form seems to be influenced by external factors, as evidenced by the increase in chiasmata in grasshopper cells when exposed to x-rays and high temperatures. This suggests to me that a chiasma could form at any base pair, whether or not at a gene boundary.

However, the term "genetic recombination" suggests to me that the exchanges only occur at gene boundaries. So which is it?

Note: I know almost nothing about biology, so please correct any mistakes I may have made.

submitted by /u/altayh
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How does a digital camera know it's in focus?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 09:27 AM PDT

With digital cameras and phones they'll often auto focus, and I remember some later model 35mm cameras having the same functionality. How do the cameras know that the image is focused?

submitted by /u/Chainweasel
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What's currently the oldest living creature?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 01:30 PM PDT

What do we know about the cores of gas giants?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 09:40 AM PDT

How much do we know about the cores of our gas giants? How possible/plausible is it that they actually have large super earth sized rocky cores? I mean Jupiter must have gobbled up tons of asteroids through out its formation.. wouldn't the gas giant have formed around a rocky planet first?? I've read some about the "metalic hydrogen" some scientists believe is at Jupiter's core but wouldn't that even be around some type of other metallic or rocky core?

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Why do COVID-19 models peak and decline before herd immunity numbers are reached?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 12:45 PM PDT

Do you know why the coronavirus epidemiology models all show infections peaking in a month then going back down to zero? The models always show cumulative number of infections is substantially less than % required to achieve herd immunity. What stops the virus in August in the models?

Here's an example:

https://covid-19.public-health.uiowa.edu/

submitted by /u/I_heart_cancer
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What causes people to be left handed, or right handed or ambidextrous?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 06:21 PM PDT

With the dominant hand, does it come from genes or biology or something else?

By that same token, why is there some things we can do equally as well with both hands -eg driving or typing - can it be taught to use the other hand as well?

submitted by /u/JeminnyCricket
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What is the longest living individual mammal?

Posted: 26 Jun 2020 01:30 PM PDT

The only thing I could find was about an average life expectancy for a species as a whole, not one individual animal. Not sure if this is science or an r/askhistorians question.

submitted by /u/BorkBorkIAmADoggo
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