AskScience AMA Series: We're from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and we research pumped-storage hydropower: an energy storage technology that moves water to and from an elevated reservoir to store and generate electricity. Ask Us Anything! | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, July 25, 2019

AskScience AMA Series: We're from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and we research pumped-storage hydropower: an energy storage technology that moves water to and from an elevated reservoir to store and generate electricity. Ask Us Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We're from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and we research pumped-storage hydropower: an energy storage technology that moves water to and from an elevated reservoir to store and generate electricity. Ask Us Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We're from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and we research pumped-storage hydropower: an energy storage technology that moves water to and from an elevated reservoir to store and generate electricity. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 25 Jul 2019 04:00 AM PDT

We are Dhruv Bhatnagar, Research Engineer, Patrick Balducci, Economist, and Bo Saulsbury, Project Manager for Environmental Assessment and Engineering, and we're here to talk about pumped-storage hydropower.

"Just-in-time" electricity service defines the U.S. power grid. That's thanks to energy storage which provides a buffer between electric loads and electric generators on the grid. This is even more important as variable renewable resources, like wind and solar power, become more dominant. The wind does not always blow and the sun does not always shine, but we're always using electricity.

Pumped storage hydropower is an energy storage solution that offers efficiency, reliability, and resiliency benefits. Currently, over 40 facilities are sited in the U.S., with a capacity of nearly 22 GW. The technology is conceptually simple - pump water up to an elevated reservoir and generate electricity as water moves downhill - and very powerful. The largest pumped storage plant has a capacity of 3 GW, which is equivalent to 1,000 large wind turbines, 12 million solar panels, or the electricity used by 2.5 million homes! This is why the value proposition for pumped storage is greater than ever.

We'll be back here at 1:00 PST (4 ET, 20 UT) to answer your questions. Ask us anything!

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Why are beta blockers restricted to prescription only?

Posted: 25 Jul 2019 12:42 AM PDT

I am struggling to find answers online as to why they are not sold over the counter.

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How does the Peltier effect work?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 03:14 PM PDT

So i keep finding really general science answers of WHAT it is. But Im looking for a step by step of what is happening and why to full comprehend how heat or cold is being turned into eletricity

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Is Ceres a dwarf planet or an asteroid?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 08:45 PM PDT

I was wondering what the largest asteroid known to man currently is.

Google says Ceres but often labels it as either an asteroid or a dwarf planet.

I am beginning to think it is both?

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If two tornadoes who rotate in opposite directions collide, what happens?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 01:54 PM PDT

I have a few questions about temperature?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 10:55 AM PDT

  1. Does it take the same ammount of energy to heat something from 5°C to 6°C as it takes to heat that same thing from 1002°C to 1003°C?

  2. As I understand it, atoms can turn their internal energy (temperature) into photons through blackbody radiation. Is there a bottom cutoff at which temperature they dont do that anymore? And if so, what limits it?

  3. If I had a group of atoms (all of the same isotope) that I keep at a constant temperature would the photons they produce all be at the same wavelength or would their wavelengths (graphed) look more like a bell curve?

  4. (kinda related to question 2) Assume a perfect vacuum with no cosmic rays, sunlight, gravity or anything. In that empty space Ill "put" a single atom (preferably an element that wont decay soon) at 1000°C. Whats the lowest temperature itll ever reach (through blackbody radiation)? Are there other phenomena that would also cool it somehow? How long untill it reaches that lowest temperature?

  5. Is it even correct to say a single atom has a temperature like I did in question 4?

Thanks for any answers.

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What effect does the shifting Magnetic Field(movement of Earth’s Poles) have on Earth’s Climate?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 03:01 PM PDT

I read recently that there might be some correlation between Climate Change and the movement of the magnetic poles and was wondering if someone could help explain any possible effects.

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How does relative speed at or near the speed of light work?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 05:16 PM PDT

If we assume there is something that is moving at 0.75c relative to a stationary frame of reference, let's assume Earth, and that a projectile is launched from it at an additional 0.75c, how is that projectile still moving slower than the speed of light? I understand that special relativity applies here but I can't quite wrap my brain around why it is like this. I also understand that there's a "speed limit" of sorts through the universe and the energy issue and such- but hypothetically, if it was possible to do such a thing... How does it work?

Like if a car is moving away from me at 5 mph a person throws a ball 5mph out the front, you take into account the energy that the ball already has, since it is already moving as 5mph relative to me, and then when it's thrown it gains the additional speed of the throw.

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To my best understanding, space is (for the most part) absent of matter, meaning the Earth has no place to conduct heat. How, then, do CO2 and other gases contribute the the Greenhouse effect, if the Earth already exists as a natural Greenhouse?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 09:00 PM PDT

Can someone explain the tennis racket theorem?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 12:37 PM PDT

If the event horizon is the region in space wherein the escape velocity of the singularity exceeds that of the speed of light, would there be a region in space beyond this wherein the velocity required to maintain a stable orbit reaches precisely the speed of light?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 06:31 PM PDT

And would this allow particles to travel short distances away from the singularity above it?

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Regarding the cause of climate change, why is all the emphasis on greenhouse gases? What about all the thermal energy being produced from electricity and other technology?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 01:23 PM PDT

How does a air cooler work?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 01:53 PM PDT

When water evaporates, it cools something down

so how does a dehumidifier male the air cool then? (or a AC unit drip out water)

submitted by /u/notrealjamescharles
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How does the brain decide when to do a heart pump?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 01:53 PM PDT

Is the brain just running an infinite loop in the background that sends a signal to the heart for each pump?

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What gas is inside a sealed coconut?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 10:29 AM PDT

Assuming I understand correctly that a coconut:

  • Is a sealed unit before it is opened
  • Is not 100% full of coconut water (else it'd be pretty heavy, and not slosh)

What is the gas? Is it a waste product of the cells within?

submitted by /u/FifteenFifty
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Is there anything that can make the moon red-colored aside from lunar eclipses?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 10:41 AM PDT

I live in Japan and tonight I observed a reddish-colored moon, similar to what I've seen during lunar eclipses (here's my attempt to capture it with my phone). It seems that the last lunar eclipse was about a week ago from now, so I am somewhat puzzled. What am I seeing? What makes the moon appear red this time?

Another interesting thing is that it seems that the moon tends to appear reddish around this time of the year in japan. Here's another one I captured about a month ago on June 19th.

Are these all delayed(?) lunar eclipses? Strange weather conditions? Or something else?

submitted by /u/apolotary
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How do we take images of our own Milky Way Galaxy when we are INSIDE of the galaxy itself?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 01:20 PM PDT

I've always wonderred about this. I understand how we can get an image of other galaxies. But how is it possible to get a full image of our own galaxy when we are inside of it?

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How do we know that there aren't anti-galaxies?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 08:36 AM PDT

I'm given to understand that antimatter behaves with itself in the same way that the equivalent regular matter does. So a large mass of anti-hydrogen could form a star, with antiproton-antiproton chain fusion forming anti-helium. Anti-photons aren't really a thing since photons are not charged particles, so such an anti-star would produce light that appeared just like a regular star of equivalent mass. How would it be possible to tell the difference between an anti-star and a regular matter star from a distance?

It's fairly safe to assume that none of the stars in our galaxy are made of antimatter as if both were present in our galaxy we'd be able to witness annihilation reactions occurring as matter and antimatter collide. Yet, it seems as though it could be possible for a faraway galaxy to exist made entirely of antimatter. How would we be able to tell the difference between this and a normal galaxy? How do we know the assumption that all visible galaxies are made of normal matter is correct?

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Are hypervelocity stars only possible in a binary star system?

Posted: 24 Jul 2019 10:38 AM PDT

Whenever I saw stuff about hypervelocity stars it always said they came from a binary star system and one got launched into space by a massive blackhole. Is it possible for a singular star to be launched or can it only come from a binary system?

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