When the sun becomes a red giant, what'll happen to earth in the time before it explodes? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, June 26, 2019

When the sun becomes a red giant, what'll happen to earth in the time before it explodes?

When the sun becomes a red giant, what'll happen to earth in the time before it explodes?


When the sun becomes a red giant, what'll happen to earth in the time before it explodes?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 05:45 PM PDT

How do cells 'know their location' and grow to make reproducible complex shapes such as a heart?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 09:40 PM PDT

It is a hard question to phrase but I'll try my best. For example how does the arota in the heart grow on the exact same place of the heart with relatively the same shape, diameter, same 3 ports on the top of aorta, etc.

How does the heart always get its distinct shape?

If you look from the perspective of the cell's point-of-view the bottom and the top of the heart look the same. All that the cell sees is a few other heart cells near it, it would seem that it couldn't tell if its on the top or bottom.

How does the heart know to stop growing in size? 'There is no cell that can see/sense the heart as a whole' and determine the heart is fully developed.

Do we know what in DNA codes for shape and more importantly how that process is actually carried out through biochemistry.

I just used the heart as an example. Maybe a better example is how the ear grows is distinct folds and lobes. Or how teeth grow into their shape (think of the top of a molar) and consider that the enamel isn't even cellular.

submitted by /u/IHateTexans
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Do plasmids only exsit in intracelluarly or extracelluarly as well? How do they come to be in the extracelluar enviorment, how long are the viable outside of a host, and how are they taken up by cells that encounter them?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 05:17 AM PDT

I am interested in learning how and how frequently plasmids, transposons, and integrons transfer between hosts without conjugative elements involved, and how common it is for pathogenic gammaproteobacteria to incorporate new genetic material from the environment.

submitted by /u/Wulfofhillsborough
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Is it worse for the environment to ride a motorbike from London to Zürich, or to fly from London to Zürich?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 03:44 AM PDT

Later this year I might be making a trip to Switzerland. I'm curious about whether or not I'd be damaging the environment more or less if I went there by motorbike instead of flying.

The motorbike specifically that I would use is a 2016 Triumph Trophy. It has a 1200cc triple cylinder engine.

I imagine I would use less fuel by motorbiking, but I also realise that motorbikes can be quite polluting (even more than cars, because of a lack of research and development into it).

Thanks!

submitted by /u/themusicalduck
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If you can use an antenna to produce electromagnetic waves and visible light is electromagnetic radiation, why you can't tune an antenna to produce waves in that length and make light this way?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 05:03 AM PDT

Why do chemical properties of elements change as you move from left to right across the periodic table?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 02:28 AM PDT

Does glass buildings contribute to global warming?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 03:40 AM PDT

I recently moved to an apartment in São Paulo and i got sunlight at the window in the morning and also afternoon. It took a week to realise that in both times, its a reflection from the glass buildings that surround my apartment. Does that somehow contributes to how the temperatures are going higher?

submitted by /u/vitorrossini
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How do we know that the brain uses a significant amount of energy?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 11:27 AM PDT

Additionally, how do we how how much energy any part of our bodies use? Is it an estimation? Is there a physical experiment or calculation?

submitted by /u/Elfabetagamma
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Why does Grapefruit have an adverse reaction with many medicines / drugs?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 04:28 AM PDT

Why is it so expensive to extract gold from ore?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 12:17 AM PDT

How do Roombas (or other AI vacuum cleaners) sense their surrounds so they can move safely?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 05:42 PM PDT

Edit: surroundings

submitted by /u/be_happy_my_friend
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Why are asymmetrical internet connections so common in residential ISP offerings? What technical reason prevents the ISP from offering a symmetrical connection? Why do fiber-to-the-home providers seem to be more able to offer a symmetrical connection?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 09:27 PM PDT

I understand that the asymmetrical connection matches the average residential internet user's habits, but what specifically prevents certain ISPs, mainly cable and DSL, from offering symmetrical speeds?

submitted by /u/beerigation
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Does the electromagnetic force have a similar affect on space-time as gravity?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 11:55 PM PDT

Or any other fundamental force. If not why is gravity the only one; and consequently identified as a "fundamental force", when it would be more appropriate to call it a mere side effect of Existence?

submitted by /u/Shmow-Zow
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Why do bound electrons ignore photons that can't be absorbed instead of maybe interacting through a scattering effect?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 11:37 PM PDT

To my knowledge, I was told that bound electrons completely ignore photons that don't have the required energy level needed to "jump." I also know that a photon with that has higher energy than the work function will completely free the electron from the atom and the difference in energy is transferred over as kinetic energy in the electron, which I believe is the photoelectric effect.

What I'm not sure about is what happens while the electron is still bound and the incident photon is of a different wavelength than can be absorbed.

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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How do apples grow? Specifically, where are the organic compounds which make up the apple synthesized,and how are they transported into the right place in the growing apple?

Posted: 26 Jun 2019 02:36 AM PDT

How do epidurals work?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 09:56 AM PDT

I feel like I've heard a lot of differing answers on this, particularly in regard to child birth. From "the woman doesn't feel a thing" to "the woman feels everything but doesn't remember the pain." Well, what is the actual mechanism? Is the medicine blocking some function in the brain? Is it numbing? Just curious, thanks!

submitted by /u/hommusamongus
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Are all the seeds a plant produces genetically identical?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 11:14 AM PDT

Do places on earth see full days (no sunset) but not full nights (no sunrise) or vice versa during and full earth year?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 02:48 PM PDT

Is there a location(s) on the earth where at different times of the year the place (presumably near the artic/antarctic circle) would experience 24 hours without sunrise but NOT 24 hours without sunset (or vice versa) due to small variations in the axial tilt of the earth over time?

submitted by /u/bd2510
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Is there a pi bond in graphene?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 10:51 AM PDT

I understand the sp2 hybridisation but is the remaining p orbital involved in bonding. If not what is this double bond shown in many illustrations. If so where do the delocalised electrons come from?

submitted by /u/171727282982722
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If CO is called carbon monoxide to differentiate it from CO2, why isn't NO most commonly called nitrogen monoxide, rather than nitric oxide, to differentiate it from NO2?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 08:02 AM PDT

On that note, why is NO most commonly called nitric oxide, rather than nitrogen oxide? Why isn't NO2 called nitric dioxide instead?

Are these all just the result of naming conventions, or do they serve a specific purpose?

submitted by /u/zacharyangrk
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An infinitely long line made into a circle?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 12:26 PM PDT

My question might be odd but i can't figure it out or come to a conclusion.

So if i had an infinitely long line and turned it into a circle, the circle is infinitely long but has to end because a circle is a closed loop. Infinity can't end tho, as it goes on forever?

Or am i just misunderstanding something?

Any thoughts and answers are appreciated, thanks!

submitted by /u/Austinpouwers
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Is draft/draught harmful?

Posted: 25 Jun 2019 06:35 AM PDT

The Germans I know are very sure draughts are harmful, at the very least it gives you stiff necks, colds and ear infections.

In response to the German heat wave, the German Red Cross just tweeted out: "Draught is not harmful, only Germans believe that." https://twitter.com/DRKLoehne/status/1143057290242772992

They say: draught is no different from wind. https://twitter.com/DRKLoehne/status/1143141583686131712

But when you are exposed to wind, you are outside and typically moving. And I would guess draught is more laminar, less turbulent flow.

What does science say about this issue?

submitted by /u/VictorVenema
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