- AskScience AMA Series: I'm Matthias Hebrok, and my lab has just published a breakthrough in making insulin-producing cells in a dish. My team at UCSF hopes to one day cure type 1 diabetes with transplantable beta cells made from human stem cells. AMA!
- Why is static always black and white even on color TVs?
- How does allergy medication stop reactions to allergens, but not your immune responce to actual threats?
- Can you reverse cavities?
- What effects, if any, has the ingestion of BPA (and similar endocrinological disruptive chemicals) had on modern gender identification, sexuality, or masculinity/feminity definitions?
- Does the amount you're sweating increase the rate and severity of sunburn, due to water refraction?
- Why does paralysis never seem to affect your heart? From diseases like MS, ALS and polio to neurotoxins like tetrodotoxin nothing seems to stop the heart only the diaphragm.
- How do plants, for example venus fly traps, "contract" by touch?
- How does the body know when a fever is necessary?
- Is it possible to extract only the specific particles of any element present in air?
- Is there a pressure at which we would no longer be able to identify differences between a liquid/solid?
- How do our ears know where sounds come from?
- Can you squish bacteria with your fingers?
- If a photon has momentum, wouldn't it appear to be going faster than the speed of light relative to the particle that emitted it?
- What can you do to protect yourself from radiation, and is it important?
- How homogeneous is CO2 in the atmosphere? How much does this mixing (or lack of) impact climate change?
- What would a very powerful electromagnet do to the human body?
- Is there weather on the moon?
- Is the Martian atmosphere too thin for a quadcopter drone to operate in conjunction with the rovers?
- Relationship between diastolic blood pressure and arterial compliance?
- If you are 1/6th your weight in water (on earth), are you also 1/6th your weight in water on Mars (or any other planet that has different gravitation)?
- Why do the chromosomes in the U. manicatus species of scorpion vary between individuals?
- Why are superbradyons superluminal?
| Posted: 28 Feb 2019 04:00 AM PST I'm a stem cell biologist and director of the UCSF Diabetes Center. My lab aims to generate unlimited supplies of insulin-producing cells to unravel the mysteries of diabetes, with the ultimate goal of combating and defeating the disease. We just published a paper demonstrating for the first time the successful creation of mature, functional insulin-producing cells made from stem cells. Read more here: http://tiny.ucsf.edu/7uNbjg My lab focuses on type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is the result of an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Currently the only cure for T1D is a pancreas transplant or beta cell transplant, but these options are only available to the sickest patients, who then have to take immunosuppressants for the rest of their lives. One of the biggest problems in diabetes research is that it is really hard to study these beta cells. They sit in the pancreas, an organ tucked away in the back of our bodies, that is hard to access in living people. We can obtain beta cells from cadaveric donors, but often the process of isolation affects the functionality of the cells. Therefore, one can argue that there is still a lot we do not understand about human beta cells, how they function under normal conditions, how they deteriorate in diabetes, and how one can possibly fix them. By producing working beta cells in the lab, we've opened new doors to studying diabetes as well as new options for transplant therapies. Down the line, we hope to use genetic engineering technologies such as CRISPR to produce transplantable cells that don't require lifelong immune suppression. I'm really excited about this work and looking forward to your questions. I'll be starting at 9am PST (12 ET, 16 UT). AMA! [link] [comments]  |
| Why is static always black and white even on color TVs? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 10:53 PM PST |
| Posted: 27 Feb 2019 09:00 PM PST |
| Posted: 28 Feb 2019 06:20 AM PST I have some and I wonder if I can reverse it in some ways without going to the dentist. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 28 Feb 2019 06:38 AM PST Will future generations of humans experience swings in hormone-altering chemicals in their environment, causing eras of abnormally high/low levels of masculinity or femininity? [link] [comments]  |
| Does the amount you're sweating increase the rate and severity of sunburn, due to water refraction? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 10:46 PM PST |
| Posted: 28 Feb 2019 05:20 AM PST |
| How do plants, for example venus fly traps, "contract" by touch? Posted: 28 Feb 2019 05:50 AM PST They don't have nerves to pass on an electric signal, so what is the biology/chemistry behind it? (English is not my native language so please excuse any mistakes or lack of clarity) [link] [comments]  |
| How does the body know when a fever is necessary? Posted: 28 Feb 2019 07:29 AM PST Is a fever a symptom of some sicknesses? Or is it more of my body's response to a disease? If it's my body's decision to create a fever, how does it know this is the best course of action? [link] [comments]  |
| Is it possible to extract only the specific particles of any element present in air? Posted: 28 Feb 2019 07:28 AM PST not necessarily air, but say there's an environment and one wants to extract only hydrogen atoms/molecules/particles from it. Is it possible to do it. If not what are the reasons.? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 27 Feb 2019 10:59 PM PST So I don't know too much about physics, but I read a little on Osmium, and changing states of matter under great pressure. Say we created an enormously deep pool of dense, but still very viscous liquid. Pressure increases viscosity at "low/med" levels, but, by theory, when getting to extreme levels, would the liquid ever reach a point where it became indistinguishable between a liquid/solid? [link] [comments]  |
| How do our ears know where sounds come from? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 07:13 PM PST All sounds enter our ear canal...how can the brain distinguish where it comes from when they all hit the ear drum? [link] [comments]  |
| Can you squish bacteria with your fingers? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 11:30 AM PST |
| Posted: 27 Feb 2019 10:34 PM PST Would the particle be pushed back by the conservation of momentum? Wouldn't the particle be moving away from the photon, relative to the photon, at a speed slightly greater than c? Google had no quick answer, sorry that I'm not great at physics [link] [comments]  |
| What can you do to protect yourself from radiation, and is it important? Posted: 28 Feb 2019 03:21 AM PST this includes natural, everyday radiation, but also people who go somewhere like chernobyl, what do they use for protection? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 27 Feb 2019 08:58 PM PST I am trying to write an equation describing how much CO2 changes the temperature of the atmosphere as a function of concentration. I am trying to get it as accurate, but also as simple as possible. Basically something one could fit in one lecture and on one white board... If you assume CO2 is homogeneous, it makes this calculation much easier. But how different is it really? How much does it change based on altitude, and location (for example, above the middle of the ocean vs above the rain forest or the Sahara desert)? I'm not an atmospheric scientist, but I would really like to understand the math for myself... Just so I feel better about backing up weather scientists. Any insight or advice very appreciated. [link] [comments]  |
| What would a very powerful electromagnet do to the human body? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 03:51 PM PST |
| Posted: 27 Feb 2019 06:19 PM PST I know there is space weather, but are there any "weather" effects that only occur on the moon? [link] [comments]  |
| Is the Martian atmosphere too thin for a quadcopter drone to operate in conjunction with the rovers? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 01:44 PM PST Sorry if this is an incredible silly question. Considering the fact that Martian gravity is also a lot lower than that of Earth, it could negate the atmospheric density, but the calculations for that are a bit out of my depth. [link] [comments]  |
| Relationship between diastolic blood pressure and arterial compliance? Posted: 28 Feb 2019 03:06 AM PST Why does a decrease in arterial compliance cause an increase in systolic blood pressure but a decrease in diastolic? To me it seems counterintuitive, wouldn't both be increased due to an increase in TPR? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 27 Feb 2019 04:00 PM PST |
| Why do the chromosomes in the U. manicatus species of scorpion vary between individuals? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 10:24 PM PST |
| Why are superbradyons superluminal? Posted: 27 Feb 2019 09:57 PM PST I'll start by saying I'm no physicist or even have a remote understanding of any of the maths. I do know nothing can travel faster than light. I have a limited understanding of Lorentz contractions, and mass increase, as well as the causality and ANEC violations that come from any superluminal object. Thanks to reddit I now know why supersymmetry rules out tachyons, and I also understand that superbradyons are probably just theoretical, and just a mathematical construct. But through all my searching, I just can't find why these particles can theoretically break the universal speed limit. From what I can gather they have such great energy that something happens to the surrounding spacetime (something about preonic space or something?), the vacuum energy drops, space is "emptier" than "empty" space, and c increases? Is this correct? If not, then what exactly is it about superbradyons that allow them to violate this physical constant? [link] [comments]  |
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