How do centipedes/millipedes control all of their legs? Is there some kind of simple pattern they use, or does it take a lot of brainpower? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, July 26, 2016

How do centipedes/millipedes control all of their legs? Is there some kind of simple pattern they use, or does it take a lot of brainpower?

How do centipedes/millipedes control all of their legs? Is there some kind of simple pattern they use, or does it take a lot of brainpower?


How do centipedes/millipedes control all of their legs? Is there some kind of simple pattern they use, or does it take a lot of brainpower?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 10:24 PM PDT

I always assumed bugs were simpler organisms, so controlling that many organs at once can't be easy. How do they do it?

EDIT: Typed insects without even thinking.

submitted by /u/CrazyKirby97
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Why are there holes in the ozone layer, as opposed to the ozone redistributing itself around the layer to be equally thin everywhere?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 03:33 AM PDT

Is it possible for a planet to have mountainous terrain that extends past the troposphere?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 11:28 PM PDT

The highest terrain on Earth is Mount Everest, at 8.848km and the troposphere ends at about 12km. Could continuing plate action over millions more years cause Everest and the rest of the Himalayas to extend past the troposphere or even further? Has any planet been observed with such characteristics?

submitted by /u/SF1034
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If the earth was a cube, what would crossing over an edge be like? Would we be pulled towards the centre of each face?

Posted: 26 Jul 2016 05:33 AM PDT

how accurate is that thing you used to do as a kid where you count the seconds in between a lightning strike and thunder to see how many miles away the storm is?

Posted: 26 Jul 2016 05:36 AM PDT

How come blood vessels and nerves are not pinched when we bend our elbows/knees and other bend parts?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 05:56 PM PDT

*Bendy parts. Sorry for title typo.

submitted by /u/Chai_wali
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What is the significance of the successful energy modeling of an H2 molecule by a quantum computer?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 11:23 AM PDT

This was announced recently by what seems like the gauntlet of universities at the cutting edge of technology, but as someone in chemistry who knows little to nothing about computing I feel as though I'm seriously underestimating the importance of this finding.

What does this mean for quantum computing as a whole? Is this as momentous as it seems to a layman like myself?

submitted by /u/SecretAgentIceBat
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For how long can an annoying fly fly around in my bedroom before it dies of starvation or exhaustion?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 03:35 PM PDT

Why does Chernobly have to wait 1000 years while Hiroshima was able to rebuild without waiting that long?

Posted: 26 Jul 2016 07:05 AM PDT

Hiroshima had an atomic bomb dropped on them.

submitted by /u/correlatefire
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If twins both have sex with a woman, and she gets pregnant, would a paternity test be able to distinguish which one is the father?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:36 PM PDT

Why do we lose our appetite when we're depressed?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:38 PM PDT

I'm in the middle of a rough break up and have lost about 10 pounds in the last 6 or so weeks due to a complete lack of appetite. I dont really even feel hungry throughout the day. Why does this happen when we become depressed?

submitted by /u/stonewasarollingpapa
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Does Hydrogen meet de Broglie justification for Molecular Dynamics? Is MD of Hydrogen valid for "warm" temperatures?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 09:07 PM PDT

I have a question regarding the treatment of hydrogen as a classical particle in molecular dynamics, using the de Broglie thermal wavelength justification.

Referencing sections 5.1 and 5.2 of "Modeling Materials" by Tadmor and Miller:

I understand their derivation in 5.1: using the Born-Oppenheimer approximations you can derive a time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the nuclear wave functions which has no explicit dependence on the electrons -- only on nuclear positions and the determination that if you can treat the nuclei as classical particles that this function becomes the classical interatomic model.

I also understand the usage of the de Broglie thermal wavelength as a justification for treating atoms as classical particles, not as quantum mechanical ones.

In essence, this justification says that "if the wavelength is much smaller than the average interatomic spacing then the waves are spatially localized and the atoms can be treated as classical particles." If the wavelength is "on the order of (or greater than) the interatomic distances, then the wave-like behavior of the atoms is relevant."

My concern / question regards the treatment of Hydrogen atoms.

They present a case for aluminum and show that the temperature at which the de Broglie wavelength is equal to the interatomic spacing is ~1.34 K -- the treatment of aluminum as a classical particle at even just a few Kelvin is valid.

I'm interested in CH3 (methyl groups). To do the same exercise as above, I want to see if the assumption is valid for Carbon:

hbar = 1.0545718e-34; % m^2 kg /s k = 1.38064852e-23; % J / K amu2kg = 1.66054e-27; r = 1.09; % C-H bond length in Angstroms A2K = 1e-10; m = 12.0107; % amu T = (2*pi*hbar^2) / ((m * amu2kg) * k * (r*A2K)^2) 

T = 21.36 Kelvin -- This is a valid assumption for carbon, even in really cold CH3 molecules. However, when I do this for the Hydrogen (use m = 1.008; ) then I find the minimum temperature to be ~255 Kelvin. So I guess I have several questions:

Q1: Did I do the math right?

Q2: If yes, does this mean that the assumptions in MD aren't valid for "warm" temperatures (~-20 C)

Q3: How valid would trends at/below this temperature be?

Q4: Is there a better justification I should be applying?

Additional Comments?

submitted by /u/Ferentzfever
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What is the .1% of germs that bleach and sanitizer can't kill?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 03:52 PM PDT

Why do wisdom teeth come in so late, and for so many people need to be removed?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 05:19 PM PDT

What biological advantage does it serve that wisdom teeth come in so much later than the rest of the adult teeth? What signals the teeth to be ready to come in? What causes the need for wisdom teeth to be removed?

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/The_stud_in_student
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A falling ball and a ray of light are both moving in straight lines through curved space, and both are accelerated by gravity wells, but why does light "accelerate" so much less than the ball?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 11:52 PM PDT

A falling body in curved space time is an inertial reference frame: i.e. it is moving in a straight line, but it accelerates because it is in curved space time. Both the ball and a photon are moving in a straight line, and are moving through the same curvature - so why is the photon seemingly curved less than the ball?

For example when you throw a ball forward it moves towards the ground at 9.81 m/s2, as do all objects in earth's gravity, but it is moving in a straight line. So is light so why doesn't a flashlight's rays fall towards the earth's surface at the same rate?

submitted by /u/FatalPaperCut
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Just saw this picture of Moon passing between Earth and NASA's Deep Space Climate Observatory. Why does the boundary of moon (particularly to the right) appear to be green?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:29 PM PDT

If humans have an average core temp. of 98.6 F, why are we so uncomfortable when our environment is this temperature?

Posted: 26 Jul 2016 07:49 AM PDT

I was thinking about this during this summer's heatwave. I know certain parts of the human body (e.g., testes of males) can't be kept at this temperature for extended periods of time, but why is this so hot for us, when internally we are right around this same temperature?

submitted by /u/sergeantbiggles
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How and why does a spinning ball reverse its rotational direction after every bounce?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 09:49 PM PDT

Is the ocean calm further out?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 03:47 PM PDT

Likely a hollywood thing but I've noticed in movies when people are stranded out in the sea, likely hundreds of miles from shore, the ocean is very calm.

I'm struggling to google this. Have tried "is the ocean calm further out" "are waves more violent further out" etc.

Thanks

submitted by /u/drohorror
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If the four fundamental forces of nature unify at extremely high energies, would they further diverge at extremely low energies?

Posted: 26 Jul 2016 07:12 AM PDT

For example, would electricity and magnetism diverge at a few fractions of a degree above absolute zero?

submitted by /u/InternetJuice
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I know that computers use base 2, we use base 10 and base 12 would be more useful. But are there other (non-primitive) ways to count things other than "base x"?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 03:23 PM PDT

Does our galaxy as a whole exert a gravitational force?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 09:39 PM PDT

How does buoyancy work in microgravity?

Posted: 25 Jul 2016 01:20 PM PDT

If a swimming pool were installed on the ISS, and an astronaut were to immerse him or herself in the water, would they float to one side or the other of the liquid?

Obviously buoyancy on earth counteracts the force of gravity. How do things behave when floating in a liquid when the force of gravity is removed?

submitted by /u/w_spark
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What is a Bloch Sphere?

Posted: 26 Jul 2016 05:17 AM PDT

I'm right now studying for an exam in a course called Light-Matter interactions, and I'm just going over the basics. One of the core concepts in this course is the Bloch vector and Bloch sphere. I've been reading an atomic physics book (CJ Foot, Atomic Physics, chapter 7) where they go through it but it is very confusing. They just throw definition upon definition upon more definitions just so they can end up with a neat set of equations at the end, but they lose me along the way and I have no idea what I'm looking at.

I understand that the Bloch sphere can be used to represent a state in a two state system, including superpositions of states, but how that comes about or why, I have a hard time understanding.

Can someone explain to me in a relatively easy way what it actually does and how it works? Thanks.

submitted by /u/AlmightyThorian
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