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Sunday, July 31, 2016

What Earth microorganisms, if any, would thrive on Mars?

What Earth microorganisms, if any, would thrive on Mars?


What Earth microorganisms, if any, would thrive on Mars?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 08:16 PM PDT

Care is always taken to minimize the chance that Earth organisms get to space, but what if we didn't care about contamination? Are there are species that, if deliberately launched to Mars, would find it hospitable and be able to thrive there?

submitted by /u/Sarlax
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Why do curved streamlines have a pressure gradient?

Posted: 31 Jul 2016 05:29 AM PDT

Hey everyone

So the common theories of of lift generation are usually discarded by professors and scientists in this field as not being complete, i.e. the Bernoulli explanation and also the newton explanation. The same transit time or the area pinching explanation doesn't hold, and understandably so.

The correct explanation is shown as that whenever a streamline curves, there exists a pressure gradient, with minimum pressure at the center of the circular vortex and greatest outside. This pressure differential b/w streamlines when constructed over the entire wing explains lift, with the lower surface having a higher pressure than the upper surface.

What I want to know is, why does there exist a pressure differential between the inside and outside streamline of a vortex?

Additionally, in the speed-pressure relation in Bernoulli's equation, the change in speed in this case is shown as an effect of the pressure gradient, rather than a cause of it. Can anyone please shed some light on that too?

Thanks

Ref paper: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf

submitted by /u/Jango214
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What's the difference between alpha beta and gamma rays, and are there any other Greek-letter rays, and what is a mnemonic so I don't keep forgetting the difference?

Posted: 31 Jul 2016 12:32 AM PDT

How do sound waves behave in in a bent, open-ended tube?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 08:05 PM PDT

I'm trying to determine how sound changes in a tube that has a curve in it (kinda like this curve but more smooth). If I run a sine wave through a tube shaped like that, how is the sound output different from the input? Is it quieter? Is it distorted?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/squashula
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Does a Black hole dissapate from Hawkin radiation before an object crosses The event horizon?

Posted: 31 Jul 2016 04:29 AM PDT

Since to an outside observer The object Will never cross The horizon due to The extreme time dilation near The hole.

submitted by /u/Krokkoguy
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Why don't we use superconductors in space probes, satellites, etc.?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 01:36 PM PDT

Superconductors require expensive, difficult cooling on earth. But why don't space probes, spacecraft, satellites, the space station, etc., utilize the coldness of space to take advantage of superconductors—for example, for magnetic leviation systems for positioning and maneuveing elements, for high-efficiency motors (to better utilize limited solar power), or (more dramatically) for complex devices such as superconducting CPUs (utilizing Josephson junctions) or single-photon detectors?

submitted by /u/notnp
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If a smoker got amnesia, would they remember they smoke and have the urge to smoke or unknowingly quit?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 05:56 AM PDT

There is a lot of conflict regarding whether Archaeopteryx should be classified as a theropod dinosaur or a bird. What are some of the best arguments for each side of this argument?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 06:16 PM PDT

I'm in a Zoology class and we're currently discussing reptiles, birds, and the similarities between them. We discussed Archaeopteryx and how it still remains unclear as to where it should be placed, taxonomically.

I'm also curious about what function its feathers may have served if it didn't use them for flying. Sources and articles would be awesome, as well. Thanks in advance for your feedback!

submitted by /u/Segrinn
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Why do muscles stop working when working out?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 09:30 AM PDT

So what I am getting at for example is when repeatedly doing the same motion and exercising a muscle why does it eventually stop contracting when it's told to. I know my brain sends a signal to tell the muscle to contract but eventually the muscle can't do what it's being told. The easy explanation is your muscle is tired but that is actually going on?

submitted by /u/Tmcdowell85
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Why did every single species in the Homo genus except for Homo sapiens sapiens go extinct?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 10:39 AM PDT

From what I can gather Homo neanderthalensis for were intelligent enough to make tools out of bone and rock for example, so why couldn't they evolve alongside what would eventually become modern humans? Did our species' "merge"?

submitted by /u/gubenlo
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How reliable is radiocarbon testing in human fossil remains, if the sample tested was exposed to high temperature via fire (field burn)?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 03:22 PM PDT

The Sheriff's office in charge of the remains claimed that the bones were tested and found to be over 700 years old but have not produced any test results. The bone was discovered after a field burn, exposing the bone to high temperatures. The test would have been conducted in 2007.

submitted by /u/whitewashed84
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When another spacecraft docks with the ISS, does it change the station's orientation or movement with any noticeable effect?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 09:10 AM PDT

I know next to nothing about physics, and realize that the station is way bigger than, like the SpaceX dragon--but I was curious whether the force imparted by a docking vessel was enough to affect the station in a way that was measurable.

submitted by /u/TheophrastusBmbastus
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When we look at galaxies (e.g. through Hubble), we're looking back in time. Where are those galaxies now?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 12:33 PM PDT

If warp drive, FTL, etc were a reality and we could quickly get to other galaxies, how would we know where they are if we're seeing where they were?

submitted by /u/AressVeran
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How much water has been taken out of the Earth's water cycle because of bottled water/liquids being thrown away?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 10:52 AM PDT

How does glow in the dark work?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 08:33 AM PDT

Why can I see reflections on mirages?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 08:13 AM PDT

Why can I see the reflections of cars and trees on mirages if there is nothing there?

submitted by /u/BASIC-Mufasa
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Do stars that burn twice as bright burn twice as fast?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 02:10 PM PDT

Could you theoretically change someone's opinion chemically?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 11:32 AM PDT

When I decide to take a different route home, there must be some chemical difference happening in my brain. If you had the instrumentation and the ability, could you induce this change in a person?

submitted by /u/converthis
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Why do some metals turn bright red and white when they are melting? Why don't they just turn to liquid like mercury does?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 11:09 AM PDT

What are the causes for finland being so far down (24th) on the HDI in comparison to other nordic countries?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 07:23 AM PDT

Saturday, July 30, 2016

What makes fish smell like fish?

What makes fish smell like fish?


What makes fish smell like fish?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:42 PM PDT

Also why do fish that smell like fish smell different than shellfish who also smell like fish?

submitted by /u/bitch-ass_ho
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What are the leading theories behind the Mpemba effect?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 04:28 AM PDT

Does it point to the possibility of 'thermal momentum'? is there even such a thing?

submitted by /u/Surrender_monkey21
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If I instantly cooled a litre of water to exactly 0­° Celsius so that the temperature is completely uniform, would it freeze instantly or would it take some time? Why?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 03:10 AM PDT

What would the world be like if the Planck Constant were large enough to experience "quantum weirdness" at a macroscopic scale?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 01:17 AM PDT

Also, would it be possible to simulate such a world, in the same vein as A Slower Speed of Light, with modern physics and computing technology.

submitted by /u/avgas3
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In high school we learn that the action potential is always propagated on a especific direction: the dendrite to axon. So, how the dendrodendritic synapse happens?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:42 PM PDT

Is there any other experiment that suggest wave-particle duality besides the double-slit experiment?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 09:21 PM PDT

When you have a mixture of small and large objects in a jar, why do the heavy objects go to the top when you shake it?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:55 AM PDT

For people who like the taste of one food, do they perceive the taste of the food differently than someone who dislikes it?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 09:02 AM PDT

For example, if I hate the taste of mustard, am I experiencing the same taste as the people who may like mustard? Does my dislike of the condiment alter my taste of the product?

submitted by /u/ShockingFirstBullet
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Why will an outside observer never see someone cross the event horizon of a black hole?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 04:35 PM PDT

Quick explanation on how current and voltage change in a series and parallel circuit?

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 04:35 AM PDT

I am currently confused on how the current and voltage change throughout a parallel or series circuit concerning resistance. I have made a diagram of a parallel circuit http://i.imgur.com/z9ZsN7D.png and was wondering what the current and voltage values are in each of the positions. Could anyone also give me a brief explanation on why these values change. Thanks

submitted by /u/lol123123123123123
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Why do hot water clean better than cold water ?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 07:51 AM PDT

What is voltage drop? I don't seem to get it, doesn't voltage increases if resistors value increase?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:24 AM PDT

I have been understanding current, voltage and resistance through the concept of water through a pipe. If the radius of the pipe is decreased(which means resistance increase) then rate of water flow is less and pressure through the other side of the pipe is increased. which means current decreases when resistance is increased and voltage increases right? Then what does voltage drop means, doesn't voltage increases? And according to V=IR also, if R is high voltage is also high. please explain, i can't seem to get it right.thanks

submitted by /u/yunikmaha
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What is the difference between a "-blastoma" and a "-sarcoma"?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:13 AM PDT

I am a 20 year old preMed student, wishing to become a pediatric oncologist. My daughter (4 months old) is a survivor of a neuroblastoma. My cancer vocabulary is a little better than average, but I've always wondered what the difference is between tumors labeled "-blastoma" and those labeled "-sarcoma".

submitted by /u/hancran
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How to get the average of ratios?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 04:51 AM PDT

For example, this small list.

- a b a/b
49 15 3.2667
28 4 7.0000
35 17 2.0588
22 9 2.4444
31 11 2.8181
Total 165 56 17.5881

There seems to be two ways of getting the average.

  • First: 17.5881 / 5 = 3.5176
  • Second: 165 / 56 = 2.9464

Which one of those two should be used?

submitted by /u/SoPlouAnthony
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What is the "Area of Effect" for White Noise Machines?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:05 PM PDT

When I think about white noise I think of a bedroom. Could one be to effectively quiet larger spaces though? If so, would you have to significantly alter the size of the machine to do so?

Thank you in advance!

submitted by /u/AlphabeticallySoup
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Friday, July 29, 2016

Why is anything radioactive in movies, portrayed as a green glow?

Why is anything radioactive in movies, portrayed as a green glow?


Why is anything radioactive in movies, portrayed as a green glow?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:30 PM PDT

Since protons have mass would 2 protons try to go towards each other, but then repel at a certain (closer) distance because they are both positive?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:25 PM PDT

When exactly does the repel happen, and at what distance?

submitted by /u/Gansei
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What's going on in my head when I'm thinking of an image?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 07:13 AM PDT

What could have emitted the "Oh-My-God" particle (a likely proton caught traveling with 99.99999999999999999999951% of the speed of light?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 01:35 PM PDT

The Wiki page doesn't mention its origin.

submitted by /u/tarandfeathers
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Why do particles traveling faster than light cause a blue glow?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 03:45 AM PDT

Such as in a nuclear reactor when the particles in water are traveling faster than light, and the water glows blue. What about going FTL is causing that? As a follow up question, would the same happen in space if we ever figure out how to go FTL in a vacuum?

submitted by /u/2scared
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What are the long term effects of massive antihistamine usage?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 05:54 AM PDT

What are the approximate effects of large doses of antihistamines in general and, in particular, Fexodenadine Hydrochloride? For example, a daily dosage of anything between 180mg per day to 720 mg per day.

  • What are the long term effects of such massive, constant overdoses?
  • Do antihistamines fuck with the immune system or ultimately make any symptoms worse, especially if medication is not taken as usual?
  • Does sensitivity to the medication wear down over time?
  • Are there any organs that are likely to suffer damage from this type of (regular) overdose?
  • Are there any studies on people with allergic reactions or long term overdose of antihistamines? (Things to either read about or become involved in.)
submitted by /u/decidedlyindecisive
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Are Alpha Particles Affected by Electrons?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 04:17 AM PDT

I learnt radiactivity in school today and learnt about the Geiger–Marsden experiment.When my teacher mentioned that alpha particles passing by the nucleus would be diverted because alpha particles have a positive charge and the nucleus is positively charged I asked if electrons would have any effect on alpha particles she simply said it was unlikely that the particles would ever come close to the electrons and then went on with the lesson.

My question is is this true,if so why? And even if the number of instances was very small theoretically if it did happen would the alpha particles be affected or not and if not why so?

submitted by /u/nik263
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Source of Uranium and plutonium?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 04:13 AM PDT

I am not a science graduate! dont really know much about chemicals. i jst wanted to know where did they came from? i know they were extracted from ore! But how did they came into ore? Myths says, they came from bones of animals and rotten woods! so what it is really?

PS: brief answers would be helpful rather then using chemical terms

submitted by /u/aintanselmo
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Why doesn't Oxygen react with the Iron in stainless steel?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:04 AM PDT

I took AP Chemistry this past school year and being the nerd that I am, this question came to mind while staring at a pot. I know stainless steel is both an interstitial alloy and substitutional alloy with Iron, Chromium, and Carbon. When explaining alloys, many books say that stainless steel doesn't rust because the Chromium in the material reacts with the Oxygen creating a protective layer of Chromium Oxide on the surface of the material.

So I guess my real question is, "Why doesn't the Oxygen in the air also react with the Iron on the surface of the stainless steel along with Chromium." Is it simply because Chromium has a higher electron affinity?

Thanks for all helpful replies!

submitted by /u/Zman130
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Why is water so good at transferring heat?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 10:29 PM PDT

[Physics] Why are diffusion coefficients in units m^2/s?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 07:53 AM PDT

Thermal & mass transfer diffusion coefficients (as well as kinematic viscosity relating to momentum transfer) all carry the same set of units. Is there any physical significance to the m2/s? Is there a way to visualize what a m2/s represents as related to diffusion? Or are the units arbitrary, and were chosen just to satisfy the transport equations?

submitted by /u/what_is_thisss
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Is it be possible to build a pyramid/tower high enough to jump out of Earth's orbit?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:43 PM PDT

Or would the boundaries of orbit change because of the building and never become possible?

submitted by /u/zjbird
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Why does fission happen randomly?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:29 PM PDT

It seems for a given nucleus either the Coulomb repulsion would overcome the strong force, or the vice versa. From where does probability get involved?

submitted by /u/options_questioner
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How do TEM waves propagate down two conductor transmission lines?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 12:46 AM PDT

If there is a time varying Voltage driving the input of the transmission lines, and a load at the other end, why is there no electric field perpendicular to direction of propagation?

Transmission line theory treats TEM waves as perpendicular to direction of propagation.

If Electric field is the negative gradient of voltage, and the voltage is a sine wave, would there be a component of electric field along the wire?

If looking at this Poynting vector diagram, the transmission lines show the electric field and magnetic field as Transverse to current flow, but in the resistor the poynting vector points radially inward. is this due to the presence of a resistance?

submitted by /u/Grosso_
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Why do Wi-Fi protocols use symmetric encryption instead of asymmetric encryption?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 05:32 AM PDT

I was doing some reading earlier and found out that most WiFi security protocols use symmetric encryption, making them painfully vulnerable to things like man-in-the-middle attacks. It seems like asymmetric encryption would cover up that massive security flaw.

submitted by /u/ImAStupidFace
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On a molecular level, why does the material of an object affect the force experienced in a collision?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 06:26 PM PDT

Sorry in advance if this is moronic, but I've always really been confused about this. In physics we learned of course that to decrease the force in a collision you want to increase the time of contact with whatever the object is hitting. This is due to conservation of momentum so hitting a pillow produces a smaller reaction force than hitting concrete because a ball is in contact with longer with the pillow than with the concrete.

What doesn't make sense to me is that why doesn't it experience a strong force the moment it hits the pillow. I'm talking on a molecular level like when the outer atoms of the ball hit the outer atoms of the pillow, wouldn't the initial contact between the atoms of the objects be the same regardless of the material so the force would be extremely high? Or am I over thinking it?

I have a picture to maybe explain what I mean better because I realize this isn't too understandable what I'm getting at. In the picture I have the bottom box to show what I mean about individual atoms of the two objects and how I don't understand how the material makes a difference. Like wouldn't they experience the impulse as soon as the atom of the ball touches the first layer of the ground; whether it be pillow or concrete? And said impulse of the atoms would have the same time with both materials so the force would be the same.

Here's the picture to maybe explain my reasoning better

submitted by /u/stars_bitch67
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How(and why) is 'c' the speed limit of the universe?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 03:57 AM PDT

And why can any other substance (massless or not) cross it?

submitted by /u/hmpher
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Why are some cooling towers at power plants "hyperboloid" shaped?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 10:58 AM PDT

Why do things in the distance look bigger when we are seeing with our eyes than on camera?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:18 AM PDT

So last night space junk flow into the atmosphere and it streaked across the sky, and it looked MASSIVE!!! It was probably one of the most amazing things I have I pulled out my camera, tried to take it a picture, and it looked super small and didn't look remotely cool it all.... Why does this phenomenon ha ppen? I know I am not the only one because I have seen memes on the internet joking about it:

http://images-cdn.9gag.com/photo/aLKvQdV_700b_v3.jpg

submitted by /u/scarereeper
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Does smell always correspond to substance?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:12 AM PDT

Sometimes I'll wash a substance off my hands or other parts very thoroughly, with agents, and the odour will still be present, like ketchup, chlorine or crap. Does that mean there's still remaining substance, or can some odours exist quasi-independently?

submitted by /u/Rumple28
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Why do some clouds look like they're moving but sometimes they look still?

Posted: 29 Jul 2016 02:22 AM PDT

What materials have surpassed nature in some way?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:48 AM PDT

I know that it took us a long time to develop something that approached the strength/mass ratio of spiderwebs.
Are there some other materials that we have that are unrivaled in nature/space in terms of some special/impressive quality?

submitted by /u/vgneus
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Can Digital goods (Such as the ones from Steam) have an adverse effect on the economy?

Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:57 PM PDT

Since the concept of Supply and Demand is one of the most basic and important topics in economics, I've been wondering what would happen if you had a product that had an infinite supply (i.e., digital goods).

What effects (both good and bad) could digital goods have on the market or economy? And is it even affected by the concept of Supply and Demand in the first place?

submitted by /u/VillainousToast
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