AskScience AMA Series: We are earth scientists with the IRIS Consortium (www.iris.edu) and we study earthquakes and seismology. Ask us anything! |
- AskScience AMA Series: We are earth scientists with the IRIS Consortium (www.iris.edu) and we study earthquakes and seismology. Ask us anything!
- How does superposition of states and quantum entanglement work?
- Does fracking actually disrupt the water table?
- According to video (linked inside post) the corpus callosum acts as a "bus" (in computer science terminology). Are there other such well-defined "buses" in the brain?
- How does a diaphragm affect depth of field for an imaging device?
- After sunlight exposure in vacuum, does the ISS hull become charged due to the Photoelectric Effect? If so, does this create any technical problems?
- Does the depletion of underground aquifers by humans contribute to global warming?
- Is there such a thing as Cosmic Ray panel research?
- What would happen if a large chunk of the earth were to disappear?
- Which phyciatriac disorders can be identified via an EEG?
- The closest star system, Alpha Centauri is ~4.37 light years away from earth. How long would it take to get there relatively? (hear me out)
- If I'm finding the possible combinations of a password with 6 characters with case sensitive letters and one of these has to be a number, how do I find the possible combinations?
- How do Helicopters sustain lift while also lowering the pitch in an autorotation?
- How does a directional AC meter know which direction power is transmitted?
- Why does the surface area of a revolved solid include the arc length formula? Why not just integrate the circumference formula?
- Why don't deBrogile wavelengths get infinitely large as an object's speed approaches zero?
- If one were to attach two gyroscopes to each other, could gyroscopic precession be negated?
- How does a spacecraft gravity assist or slingshot work?
- What determines the tempratures at which substances change state?
- How does Science determine our prehistoric diets, what were they like, and how did they come to be? Specifically in relation to meat. 'Biology'
- What do single-step and multi-step growth curves tell you about viral growth?
| Posted: 02 Jun 2016 06:30 AM PDT Hi Reddit! We are Danielle Sumy (seismologist) and Wendy Bohon (geologist). From Dr. Sumy: I wanted to study earthquakes since I was 10 years old. I started off working in marine geology and geophysics, particularly studying fluid movement and small earthquake along mid-ocean ridges. I now study induced earthquakes and work on the Global Seismographic Network (GSN), and the Central and Eastern United States Seismic Network (CEUSN). I am currently a Project Associate with IRIS. From Dr. Bohon: My research has focused on examining how the earth changes as the result of multiple earthquakes. I date dirt to find out when ancient earthquakes occurred (geochronology) and rocks to examine how mountains have changed through time (thermochronology). I have worked on fault related problems in the Himalayas (Ladakh), the Andes (Bolivia and Argentina) and in CA. I am an Informal Education Specialist with IRIS. IRIS is a consortium of over 100 US universities dedicated to the operation of science facilities for the acquisition, management, and distribution of seismological data. IRIS programs contribute to scholarly research, education, earthquake hazard mitigation, and verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. IRIS operates the Global Seismographic Network (in collaboration with the USGS) as well as the Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool and the EarthScope Transportable Array (which was named the most epic project by Popular Science!). IRIS also provides instrumentation for other geophysical experiments around the world, including in the polar regions, the Andes, Asia and the US. You can find us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/IRIS-Education-and-Public-Outreach. We'll be available to start answering questions around 12 PM ET (16 UTC). Ask us anything! [link] [comments]  |
| How does superposition of states and quantum entanglement work? Posted: 02 Jun 2016 12:03 AM PDT Hello, I have recently looked into some QM but being the layman I am there are some few concepts I didn't quite grasp. First, what does the superposition of states in QM actually mean? Can multiple, mutually exclusive states exist at once? Or is it just a way of representing the unknown? For example, if we throw a coin and hide its result with our hand, would this describe a similar situation where we would say the coin's face pointing up is heads and tails at the same time until we observe the result? Wouldn't we be able to predict the value of the parameters of a quantum system by knowing its previous values, just like we would be able to predict the coin toss by knowing its velocity and direction of the throw? From what I understood, it is not the same situation because the result of the coin flip is already determined, whether we observe it or not. In QM, the states are actually undetermined until observed, and only then the parameters will take a definite state. However, I'm not sure how this all works out. If the present doesn't define the future, then what does? How does the quantum system decide which values it is going to take when observed? In which precise manner does the observation of a quantum system determines its states? I read that the quantum system "collapses" into definite states when observed, but what does that mean? As for quantum entanglement, I don't understand why is it "spooky" for physicists. From what I understood of what I read, two electrons are produced from a single system, and each of them must have the opposite spin from the other according to the law of conservation of momentum. Now, that pair of electrons seems to communicate instantly, because whatever the distance separating the electrons is, when the spin of one electron is measured, the other electron instantly gets the opposite spin. This contradicts special relativity. However, what I don't get is why do physicists think the spins are determined only when they are measured in this particular case? Why is it impossible for the spins to have been simply determined at the moment of the entanglement of the pair of electrons? One electron has its spin up and the other down right from the start, and that way, information does not travel faster than light. Obviously I'm missing something and my view of this phenomenon is completely wrong. I would like to know why though, and of course would like to know what is the explanation given by physicists then, one that does not contradict special relativity. Thank you all for helping a newb like me. [link] [comments]  |
| Does fracking actually disrupt the water table? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 09:39 PM PDT Hello /r/askscience! My first question, lets see how it goes. Fracking is all over the news regarding polluted groundwater. How is it that when fracking these wells, it creates a disturbance in the water table? According to the Energy Information Association, the average depth of a well is around 5,500ft (I eyeballed the average depth of wells in the 2008 column, link below) where I've never heard of a water well with much more than a 200 ft depth. I know there are instances where a water well goes deeper, but that seems to me like a very large distance for the fracking pressure to interact. Energy Information Association Link: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_welldep_s1_a.htm I'm not looking for a debate or to be controversial, just wondering how much stock I can put into the news. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2016 03:58 PM PDT Video quoted in the topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfYbgdo8e-8 (Not sure on the flair for this post. Decided Biology over Computing/Engineering) [link] [comments]  |
| How does a diaphragm affect depth of field for an imaging device? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 02:24 PM PDT How does a diaphragm affect the depth of field for an imaging device? I understand that as the diameter of the diaphragm decreases, the depth of field increases. My question is two fold:
If you have any images explaining this effect, I would greatly appreciate it. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2016 06:21 AM PDT |
| Does the depletion of underground aquifers by humans contribute to global warming? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 02:30 PM PDT Water vapor is known to be a powerful greenhouse gas. I've heard crazy climate change deniers say "if you spit, the water vapor released warms the planet more than your carbon footprint that day." This might be half true, but the water in my body is already part of the existing water cycle. But if we take water out of the ground faster than it's replinished, are we adding more water vapor to the water cycle and hence warming the planet? [link] [comments]  |
| Is there such a thing as Cosmic Ray panel research? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 11:31 AM PDT The sun is (for us human) an infinite source of energy. However this source is only available during day time, depends on meteorological and atmospherical conditions, moves during the day, and solar panel depends on the break-down of a complicated particle (photon) of which the theoretical efficiency output is 35% or more if heat is converted and photon as particle-wave was theoretically to be converted. But there's other kinds of particles that Earth is being showered with constantly, independently of day time or movement, which are comics rays, of with the secondary output (or shower) are a series of particles some of which electromagnetic radiation and different hadrons like muons that decay into an electron (and two neutrino). So rather than only focusing on Solar Panels depending on variable contextual conditions, wouldn't it be possible to research into different kind of panel taking advantages of these different particles being bombarded on Earth constantly? Thx [link] [comments]  |
| What would happen if a large chunk of the earth were to disappear? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 01:30 PM PDT If some kind of disaster were to occur where a large chunk of the earth disappeared kind of like the earth from Adventure time. http://i.imgur.com/sKO312g.png Would there be any dire consequences to human life, would there be any damages to man-made structures. Would humans still be able to live on this planet or would we have to relocate? [link] [comments]  |
| Which phyciatriac disorders can be identified via an EEG? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 10:32 PM PDT And another question, is there any of the above disorders resemble similarity in EEG reading to ADHD? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2016 09:17 PM PDT If time dilation exists and gets more extreme as the speed of light is approached, does that mean if a ship travelling at 95% the speed of light would experience this dilation and it would take just over 4.37 years for them to reach the system in relation to observers on earth? and then would the observers residing inside the ship travelling at these speeds feel like it takes far less time? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2016 09:17 PM PDT Is the answer to basically just do the permutation? 626. Since 52 letters (26 upper + 26 lowercase) and 10 total numbers. Or do I have to do 6C1 x (36)5 x (10)1 ? or is it 626 - (526 -106 )? all of these give me different answers and I am unsure which one is right. [link] [comments]  |
| How do Helicopters sustain lift while also lowering the pitch in an autorotation? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 10:24 AM PDT Basically as the title says, but how is it possible for the upwards flow of air to turn the rotors but then also have the rotors create lift at the same time. Wouldn't you need negative pitch for an autorotation? Thanks! [link] [comments]  |
| How does a directional AC meter know which direction power is transmitted? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 09:10 AM PDT How does a directional AC meter know which direction power is transmitted? Voltage and current are always flowing back and forth. What element does the meter look at to determine power flow direction? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2016 09:53 AM PDT |
| Why don't deBrogile wavelengths get infinitely large as an object's speed approaches zero? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 07:45 AM PDT I'm learning about this in my physics class and we learned tht you can calculate it with the equation lambda=h/mv and just looking at that as something's speed (v) approaches 0 (which happens all the time as things slow down to a zero velocity) it's wavelength should get arbitrarily large. I've asked a couple different teachers and no one has given me an answer. [link] [comments]  |
| If one were to attach two gyroscopes to each other, could gyroscopic precession be negated? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 09:18 AM PDT Take this example image which shows two gyroscopes attached to each other and spinning in opposite directions. Because the direction of the gyroscopic precession of one gyroscope is always countered by the other, how would such a device behave? Would the device still resist rotation? Would it be able to lay at a 45 degree angle and just sit there? [link] [comments]  |
| How does a spacecraft gravity assist or slingshot work? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 11:58 AM PDT |
| What determines the tempratures at which substances change state? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 08:05 AM PDT So basically I was thinking about how they use liquid nitrogen to cool things. I had assumed they did this is because it's a good heat insulator or something, but then I realised that doesn't make sense since you literally use is to cool things. Then I realised it must be because it stays liquid at that temperature. I then heard about people using liquid helium for even more extreme cooling. Am I correct in thinking that the lighter an element is, the lower its freezing point? However, most stuff is made from carbon right? Is that solid because it's bonded? Also I'm confused about boiling points, water evaporates at room temperature right? So what even is the boiling point, the temperature at which you start seeing bubbles? Is that even useful information? It's worth noting that my chemistry knowledge is horrendous, I'm just trying to imagine what this stuff physically corresponds to. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2016 02:50 PM PDT I was discussing the topic with a friend and we came at odds over the subject and the importance of meat in the diets of our prehistoric ancestors. I'm making this thread to try to get Well Sourced answers on the subject of prehistoric diet, meat eating. It's importance, prevelance and it's role in those diets. It would also be appreciated if you explained how scientists came to these conclusions in the first place. I understand that this is quite an extensive question, but I think it's both an intensely interesting and important one. Thank you in advance for the hard work! [link] [comments]  |
| What do single-step and multi-step growth curves tell you about viral growth? Posted: 01 Jun 2016 10:58 AM PDT Obviously, I know that they each tell you aspects of viral replication rates. I'm confused as to why you would use one vs. the other. I know that you use a high MOI for a single step which results in a "synchronized" infection vs a low MOI for a multi-step infection. [link] [comments]  |
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