When photons become red-shifted because of the universe's expansion, where does the photon's energy go? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, June 14, 2016

When photons become red-shifted because of the universe's expansion, where does the photon's energy go?

When photons become red-shifted because of the universe's expansion, where does the photon's energy go?


When photons become red-shifted because of the universe's expansion, where does the photon's energy go?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 06:55 PM PDT

Why do some dinosaur skeletons have a weird double ribcage?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 08:17 PM PDT

I noticed while visiting the Museum of Natural History in NYC that some theropod dinosaurs have a top and bottom ribcage, like this and this. However, in some reconstructions it's lacking. To my knowledge, no other animals have a top and bottom set of ribs like this. Can someone please explain what's going on?

submitted by /u/fablong
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Can temperature decrease in a closed system while entropy increases?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 02:08 AM PDT

For example if I have a bowl of water at room temperature, it will slowly evaporate, will that increase entropy while decreasing temperature, or will the pressure increase keep the temperature the same? Is there some other way to do it?

submitted by /u/samsnet
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How does the evidence of black holes vary from the evidence of dark matter?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 04:40 AM PDT

It was my (limited) understanding that black holes were proven by observances of how we see galaxies spinning, and the curvature of light emitted, with the same going for dark matter. However, it seems that black holes are taken to be a proven theory, whereas dark matter seems to remain a 'belief'.

The reason I'm asking is because I read the following article, which argues that a dogmatic belief in dark matter might be holding back our understanding of the physical universe.

https://aeon.co/ideas/cosmologists-should-be-more-skeptical-of-dark-matter

Any and all information is welcome, and thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/newsfromanotherstar
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Why can we see the Milky Way Galaxy as a gray haze from the windows of a plane, but more vibrant (as seen in photos) from the ground?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 03:11 AM PDT

On a recent flight across the pacific, my 4 year old and I were looking out our rather clear window, and could make out the Milky Way, but it was really just sort of grayish. But photos on Reddit & other Astronomy-related sites show a vibrant color-rich path across the sky. One would think at 36,000 ft, there's a lot less light pollution and atmosphere getting in the way.

submitted by /u/seneschall-
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In QFT, why is the field operator at point x acting on the vacuum supposed to create a particle at position x?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 08:15 PM PDT

To my knowledge, applying the field operator O(x) to the vacuum |0> creates a particle at position x, with some spread in position and in momentum which depends on the field. But why is it not centered around 0? For example, if I have a real gaussian centered around 0, I can write it as the anti-Fourier transform of its Fourier transform, that is as an integral over the momenta of some amplitude times the annihilation operator times exp{ikx} plus its complex conjugate. This is a gaussian pulse centered around x=0. If we put x=a we will simply get a smaller value. So why is creating a particle at position y considered to be O(y)|0> instead of O(x-y)|0>? Also, where does the position dependence go if the first is correct?

submitted by /u/gastonmaffei
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What are the significance of The Schwarzschild Radius and The Dirac Equation?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 01:48 AM PDT

This may be a bit odd, but recently a major gaming figure (known for being very cryptic) released a picture of a character for his new game (Norman Reedus) that character has "dog tag" like things on his necklace with equations on them here is a picture

The top equation is clearly The Schwarzschild Radius and the second appears to be The Dirac Equation.

I am no physicist and can only grasp so much without someone explaining it. Is there any significance to these equations? Either separate or when looked at together?

submitted by /u/tuomas146
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Why is the temperature of matter visible in the infrared spectrum of light?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 06:33 AM PDT

Is it because the electrons of the object are emitting photons at that frequency simply because they are that warm, or is it something more complicated?

submitted by /u/thecuze83
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Why do things curdle?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 06:08 PM PDT

What is spin in Quantum Mechanics? What function does it serve in QM?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT

How does Quantum Tunneling work?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 02:21 PM PDT

I was introduced to the concept in a Nerdist Video on Youtube, but it kind seemed like the idea wasn't really able to be communicated in a 7 minute video.

submitted by /u/Kleindolph
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Why is it that you can hit a baseball farther when it is pitched to you than if you were to throw it into the air for yourself?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 06:36 PM PDT

The light emitted by a bulb, is it caused due to the reverse of photoelectric effect?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 04:25 AM PDT

When we pass electricity through a metal, it emits photons, this is the reverse of the photoelectric effect. Is an example of that, the way the bulb functions?(the filaments of the bulb are tungsten)

submitted by /u/rick_dick_ulous
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Why does a mental health condition such as schizophrenia prevent someone from donating bone marrow?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 12:35 AM PDT

I was reading the medical guidelines and came across this:

If you have a condition such as attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar or manic-depressive disorder, or depression, you may be allowed to donate as long as the condition is well-controlled and you are medically stable. Mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder will prevent you from donating marrow or blood-forming cells.

submitted by /u/HulkHogansBigToe
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Why do cancer cells consume so much sugar?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 11:52 AM PDT

Stumbled across a method of diagnosing cancer in which the patient is given slightly irradiated sugar, and as the cancerous cells consumed more sugar than non cancerous cells, they were "highlighted" so to speak.
Additionally, could there be a way of "spiking" sugar with a toxin that needs to reach a certain concentration in a cell for it to have an effect, so would only affect the cancer cells as they would consume more sugar than non-cancerous cells?

submitted by /u/Kratos_The_Spartan
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What is the demarcation altitude between a cloud and a fog? Are they scientifically the same thing?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 03:41 PM PDT

I was recently realizing the notion that clouds are fog in the sky when I blasted through one during a tandem skydive and it was only vapor/mist as I sailed through.

submitted by /u/bluestreakxp
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What causes objects to have a natural frequency?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 02:53 PM PDT

Why is it desirable for fuel to combust outside a rocket nozzle?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 06:15 PM PDT

I notice when studying most rocket engines that they have a long trailing plume of flame, usually with a standing wave pattern that seems very intentional.

Why is this desirable? Once the fuel leaves the engine bell and is in open air, doesn't combusting it waste energy that could be imparted to the rocket if it ignited inside the bell instead? If this was true I would expect to see engines with increasingly smaller plumes and thus less wasted fuel in more modern rockets, but I'm seeing the opposite.

submitted by /u/artfulshrapnel
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What do scientists mean when they say that the early universe was so hot that it was opaque?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 01:31 PM PDT

Does the Earth's water "slosh" as we move through space?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 01:57 PM PDT

As in the movement of a body of water when its container is shifted by an outside force. If the earth is spinning, does the water in the Oceans, at least in the largest bodies, have some of this motion changed into movement of the water in it in the direction of the motion of the earth? Or are these what waves actually are?

submitted by /u/Ludwick
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How do smells stay?

Posted: 14 Jun 2016 12:11 AM PDT

I was wondering how it is that even after a container has been washed multiple times, and have been used for many different things, it can still retain the smell of something it was used for a long time ago.

submitted by /u/orelbon
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Why do topical anti-fungal(s) have instructions to avoid mucous membranes?

Posted: 13 Jun 2016 02:58 PM PDT

I have seen a few anti-fungal creams with the following instruction:

Avoid contact with eyes, nose, mouth, and other mucous membranes.

eg: Sertaconazole Nitrate, Butenafine Hydrochloride

What is the reason?

submitted by /u/Iyceman
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