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Tuesday, May 31, 2016

As the human body goes from being an infant to an adult, are there any organs or body parts that become smaller instead of larger?

As the human body goes from being an infant to an adult, are there any organs or body parts that become smaller instead of larger?


As the human body goes from being an infant to an adult, are there any organs or body parts that become smaller instead of larger?

Posted: 30 May 2016 11:31 AM PDT

How do we know the chemical composition of the Earth's core?

Posted: 30 May 2016 02:01 PM PDT

I understand that we know the Earth's core to be mostly Iron and Nickel, but how do we know this is the case?

submitted by /u/superhelical
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Why is Cherenkov radiation blue?

Posted: 30 May 2016 08:36 AM PDT

How would a person standing on the North Pole feel the effects of the earth's rotation?

Posted: 31 May 2016 06:54 AM PDT

Can kinetic energy be directly converted to light?

Posted: 30 May 2016 09:24 AM PDT

Most forms of energy can be directly transformed into one another, like charging batteries, burning wood, wind turbines etc.

However, I dont know of any example where light gets created directly from kinetic energy, and I had some science teachers say that its impossible. Is this true?

submitted by /u/Jannik2099
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How do we calculate rates of change mathematically knowing what we do about quantum mechanics?

Posted: 30 May 2016 04:05 PM PDT

The obvious example is current. We know charge is a discrete value, so we can't use basic calculus to find the rate of change of charge as the derivative which, as I know it, can only be done on a continuous function.

submitted by /u/Walsur
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Why is it supposed to be worse to get your tonsils out when you are older?

Posted: 30 May 2016 10:17 PM PDT

I'm having my tonsils out on Friday and I'm told that the recovery will suck much more than if I had gotten them out as a child(I'm 24). Like, I might not be able to speak for 2 weeks and the pain is supposed to be horrible. I hear it can even permanently change my voice. Why is this?

submitted by /u/Awww_Yee
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What's the strongest biomaterial made by a living thing or in a living thing?

Posted: 30 May 2016 06:16 PM PDT

Sensory/cognitive functions of a housefly: How do they navigate, operate and perceive their surroundings?

Posted: 30 May 2016 08:46 PM PDT

I am Curious of the current scientific consensus on this, since I'm convinced they don't use their eyes for threat recognition.

submitted by /u/weird_piano
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What happened to lemurs/Madagascar during the last ice age?

Posted: 30 May 2016 06:26 AM PDT

My kids were watching a show about lemurs, which led to us talking about lemur evolution (how/when did they get there), which led to a question about how did lemurs deal during the last ice age. Fun fact: when you google "Ice Age Madagascar" you get a lot of things about animated movies and little about lemur evolution. I'm hoping one of you can help us out. Thanks!

submitted by /u/Cardano
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Are Black Hole forming Supernovae less energetic than Neutron Star forming Supernovae?

Posted: 30 May 2016 12:04 PM PDT

I've been wondering about this for a while but haven't really had anyone to ask. Nothing suggests this is true, but knowing some basics about how supernovae occur, I can't figure out why it wouldn't be.

From what I understand, Supernovae occur when Fusion sharply cuts off due to the forming of Iron-56 which can't fuse and release energy, therefore the radiation pressure cuts off so the star's own gravity can finally cause the star to collapse. The actual supernova itself is a combination of two factors. Firstly, when the electrons are forced into the protons, a vast number of high energy neutrinos are produced. These are absorbed by the incoming matter due to the sheer number of them, and this forces the collapsing star back on itself.

That was just a precursor to see if my current knowledge is correct. This point is what leads to my question. The second factor that causes a star to get blown outwards is the contact of the incoming shockwave with the incompressable core, so the shockwave has no choice but to rebound outwards. In the case of a neutron star forming, this is true so it seems to stand true. However when a black hole forms the force is such that even the core is not incompressable and can in fact be compressed infinitely to a singularity as not even neutron degeneracy pressure can withstand it. As such, the shockwave will simply be absorbed into the singularity as the black hole forms rather than rebound, therefore less energy is reflected back onto the collapsing mass so the supernova is less energetic.

Why is this not the case?

Also, as an aside, is Neutron Degeneracy pressure which prevents every supernova-undergoing star from collapsing into a full black hole rather than a neutron star the same as the strong force?

submitted by /u/TRPAlternative
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How does our immune system "know" not to attack our gut flora?

Posted: 30 May 2016 05:38 PM PDT

What mechanism allows our gut flora to exist without being attacked by our immune system? Especially bacteria such as E. coli that are potentially pathogenic?

submitted by /u/internetboyfriend666
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Eye-glasses prescriptions, especially the astigmatism, can change abruptly upon giving birth. What is going on here?

Posted: 30 May 2016 11:37 AM PDT

There's some amount of evidence that women's eye prescriptions can change abruptly upon giving birth. What is going on here? What CAN be going on here? Is the eye deforming itself differently? Is the eye being deformed differently than before the pregnancy, presumably by some change in the "posture" of the extra-ocular muscles (this would be a change in the resting tension perhaps)? Is there a hormonal change that changes the mechanical properties of the sclera / cornea allowing for the usual mechanical stresses to result in different mechanical strains? Does the eye undergo mechanical plastic deformation under the mechanical stress imparted by the extra-ocular muscles during pushing out a baby?

Or do the optometrists just measure post-partum women's eyes differently than they do before the woman gives birth?

Most of these alternative seem silly to me. Maybe I'm missing some possibilities. Is there anything known about this?

submitted by /u/justPassingThroo57
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Why is ductility often listed as a separate property of a material from malleability?

Posted: 30 May 2016 09:22 AM PDT

To my understanding, malleability is a material's ability to be shaped (as opposed to being brittle and failing) and ductility is a material's ability to be drawn into wire. Is drawing into wire not simply a certain way to shape something? Are there materials that are malleable, but not ductile? Are there materials that are ductile, but not malleable? If these materials exist, why do they behave the way they do?

submitted by /u/DiamondIceNS
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How can photolithography print things a few nanometers across when the wavelength of light used it much larger than that?

Posted: 30 May 2016 06:26 PM PDT

My understanding is that modern electronics often have transistors printed on the ~10nm scale, but the UV light used in the photolithography step is around 300nm. I thought the diffraction limit is around wavelength/2. So how are such small transistors printed without using x-ray?

submitted by /u/NeuroBill
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I know that time dilation occurs when one object is moved relative to another, but if there is no frame of reference in space, how do you determine which object will be older?

Posted: 30 May 2016 01:08 PM PDT

Title

submitted by /u/COWRATT
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What role does meiosis play in cleistogamic species?

Posted: 30 May 2016 10:44 PM PDT

Cleistogamic species being flower species that do not open and self pollinate. Meiosis mainly reorganizes genetic material to introduce new genetic combinations, so why would a species that can't have 'new genetic material' still undergo meiosis? Just to reduce chromosome numbers?

submitted by /u/Allister24
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Can Perpectual Motion work? (In this cheaty way)

Posted: 31 May 2016 03:56 AM PDT

I'm 15, and I'm not super science guy(yet), and I've been thinking about perpetual motion. It's fake. It's impossible. Right?

I've never owned myself a 'perpetual motion' contraption, so I had never have the chance to make long observations of it. Even the internet doesn't have observations of it. Mostly all of it just gives definition,history,types,impossibility, etc. So, 'perpetual motion' is a continuous moving object right? Such as the over balanced wheel(I'm going to focus more on this type).

How this 'perpetual motion' works:

  • the wheel will spin when very little energy is applied
  • it spins for a long time(ex: 10 minutes)
  • the machine stops*

But does it spins for another 10 minutes if another little energy is applied?

If so, ['perpetual motion'] + [energy(only when the machine stops)] = Actual Perpetual motion?

  • Also, if perpetual motion is fake, what is the right name for the commonly called perpetual motion machines?
submitted by /u/FarEast_Frez
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Why does ink stay on a page?

Posted: 30 May 2016 06:23 PM PDT

Does a moving medium (e.g. glass) also move light that is passing through it?

Posted: 30 May 2016 08:59 AM PDT

If light were passing through a transparent material and that material were moved (at a speed less than the speed of light) in a different (let's say perpendicular) direction from that of the light, would the light also be moved in the direction that the material moves or would it continue along its original path undisturbed the movement of the material that it is passing through?

In other words, is light like a goldfish that changes position when its fish bowl is moved, or is its path completely independent of any movement of its medium? I understand that light does not need a medium to move through (there is no "ether" in space that transmits the wave... perhaps the answer is in this fact), but I also understand that the velocity of light can be altered when it changes mediums and thus light can be influenced by the material it travels through.

submitted by /u/DiggerDave
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[Physics] Photoelectric effect and its uses?

Posted: 30 May 2016 10:50 PM PDT

I found this very intriguing, could someone please explain the photoelectric effect and its practical uses, if any?

submitted by /u/rick_dick_ulous
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Monday, May 30, 2016

Is it possible for a planets moon to share an atmosphere with the planet?

Is it possible for a planets moon to share an atmosphere with the planet?


Is it possible for a planets moon to share an atmosphere with the planet?

Posted: 29 May 2016 11:13 AM PDT

If a planet's atmosphere extends far enough, and one of the planets moons were close enough, could it share the planet's atmosphere?

submitted by /u/DeadMiner
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Sperm Whales have sockets in the top of their mouths for their bottom teeth, are these pre-formed or created by the teeth?

Posted: 29 May 2016 02:53 PM PDT

Sperm Whales have sockets in the top of their mouths for their teeth, are these pre-formed or created by the teeth? There are a lot of crooked teeth I'm curious if those just don't fit or if they make their own sockets somehow.

Example: http://i.imgur.com/5OqSMhj.jpg

submitted by /u/devlspawn
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What does the "moment" in moment of inertia mean?

Posted: 30 May 2016 05:39 AM PDT

Why are SpaceX landing at sea rather than land?

Posted: 29 May 2016 10:46 AM PDT

I'm thinking a land landing would help reduce the risks of weather/waves and the transport to and from the touchdown spot. Why have they chosen a barge rather than a large empty field?

I was thinking it would provide mobility in choosing a landing site, but this has never been a factor before in space travel, and they're launching the rocket from the same place regardless. Besides, there's no time to move the barge post launch I'm guessing.

submitted by /u/zombisponge
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How much power can an Optical Fiber carry?

Posted: 30 May 2016 04:53 AM PDT

For example if we wanted to transmit a laser beam or concentrated solar light how much power can we transmit before the optical fiber heats up and melts?

submitted by /u/HAL-42b
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Why do neutrinos oscillate but electrons don't?

Posted: 30 May 2016 12:41 AM PDT

Are there any interesting theories as to why neutrinos would oscillate but not electrons given that they're both leptons?

submitted by /u/Rickasaurus
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Is the solar wind significantly charged? Does this charge (if it exists) in any way affect spacecraft?

Posted: 30 May 2016 03:29 AM PDT

How does one determine the volume of water vapor per unit of atmosphere?

Posted: 29 May 2016 11:15 AM PDT

Does a single solar mass black hole exhibit the same gravity effects as the sun?

Posted: 29 May 2016 11:09 PM PDT

I imagine they are similar at the distance we are from our sun. But it also seems like if I got closer, at a certain point, things would be different. Where would that point be? For example, if I'm in a ship, when would I stop experiencing the gravitational effects of a regular star and start experiencing the unique gravitational effects of a black hole?

submitted by /u/_mizzar
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Is Dry Ice Hydrophobic?

Posted: 29 May 2016 08:42 PM PDT

It's exactly what the title suggests. Wouldn't it be considered hydrophobic because it never comes in contact with the water? looking at video of someone dumping it into water, it is clear there is a layer of gas surrounding the dry ice at all times keeping it from ever contacting the water. So, doesn't this mean it is hydrophobic.

submitted by /u/Lamshoo
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How is the rate of isostatic rebound calculated?

Posted: 30 May 2016 04:48 AM PDT

I'm reading a textbook for a university course I'm taking and it refers to isostatic rebound i.e. land mass that was once covered in ice sheets rising once the ice sheet retreats.

The concept is easy enough to understand, but the textbook then goes on to state "....depressed the Earth's surface, and even though they retreated around 11,500 years ago, the land is still rising due to a process known as isostatic rebound. Since the ice retreated, land in the north of the British Isles, which was covered by thick ice sheets, has gradually continued to rise, while that in the south, which had no ice cover, has been tilting down, causing a relative rise in sea level in this area at a rate of about 0.15 of a metre per century."

My question is how is this calculated so accurately?

submitted by /u/shanghaikid
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When you cast aluminum ingot it shrinks when cooled. Why does it happen in the middle of the casting?

Posted: 29 May 2016 07:52 PM PDT

I feel like this paper might explain it, but can someone EILI5?

submitted by /u/titleunknown
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How to assume material wear?

Posted: 30 May 2016 04:16 AM PDT

Hello! My question is - how to assume wear of the material over time?

I.e.1 - I have a pipe. In time pipe's walls can get thinner due to wear. But how to approximate rate of the wear process over the years? I.e.2 - I have a steel bowl or funnel. I pour granules or flings of a softer metal (let's take copper as example). What can happen to the funnel over time? In theory copper is much softer so it can't even make a scratch.

I have found scientific articles on wear with experimental data, but I suppose this is so case-specific, that I can't make any extrapolations or assumptions for other cases based on that. Or can I?

submitted by /u/lavencof
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Why do they say to avoid the sun between 10 and 3 (or 11 and 4 daylight savings time)? Shouldn't the hours be symmetric about noon, when the sun is at its peak?

Posted: 30 May 2016 06:41 AM PDT

How does an expanding universe not violate the "Conservation of ... laws"?

Posted: 30 May 2016 02:33 AM PDT

If a Planck unit is the smallest possible unit, how would this affect rotation? Would this affect your ability to aim at something an extremely long distance away?

Posted: 30 May 2016 04:36 AM PDT

You'll have to excuse my poor understanding of Physics, I've just been playing EVE Online and had a thought regarding planck lengths while I was aligning to a gate. If there is a limit to length in terms of smallest size, would this affect your ability to aim at something an extremely long distance away, due to rotation? For example, if you pointed a telescope at an object that was an extreme number of lightyears away, would you only be able to "snap" to a point eitherside of the object if it fell inbetween two plank lengths of rotation? Am I misunderstanding the way in which Planck lengths work?

submitted by /u/Kraynos
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How does melanin protect us?

Posted: 29 May 2016 11:28 AM PDT

Could you carbon date something from the future?

Posted: 30 May 2016 12:09 AM PDT

I was watching Terminator guys! And I started wondering whether you'd be able to date something from the future

submitted by /u/Pussay_patrol_
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Some Cameras in space appear to degrade quickly over time, why is this?

Posted: 29 May 2016 06:24 AM PDT

In videos such as: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiV0V8t4DYU You can clearly see artifacts on the camera appearing over time, from dots to a large line of missing pixels. What causes this? Is it just stray radiation? Why does this not effect some other cameras?

submitted by /u/TheSirusKing
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How does a plant seed know which way is "up"?

Posted: 29 May 2016 03:07 PM PDT

I guess since they are buried deep in the ground with no sunlight or without any other way of knowing which way it should grow to get the surface.

submitted by /u/TehMau5
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When I twirl a rope at a high speed, where does that "swoosh" noise come from?

Posted: 29 May 2016 04:26 PM PDT

If the universe is 14 billion years old and the sun is 4.5 billion years old. Was the universe 9.5 billion years old when the sun was born?

Posted: 29 May 2016 05:26 PM PDT

Or is there some relativity factor that is missing?

submitted by /u/TheBeads
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Why does plaster of Paris heat up as it hardens?

Posted: 29 May 2016 06:31 PM PDT

Sunday, May 29, 2016

Where does Hawking Radiation fall on the EM Spectrum?

Where does Hawking Radiation fall on the EM Spectrum?


Where does Hawking Radiation fall on the EM Spectrum?

Posted: 28 May 2016 03:51 PM PDT

Is there a depth under which the buoyant force is no longer sufficient to bring a diver back to the surface ?

Posted: 28 May 2016 10:47 AM PDT

Hi askscience, I came across the story of diver Yuri Lipski who died while diving in the Blue Hole)

He recorded his last moments in this video --- Warning: Death (non-graphic).

This made me wonder something and it may be a stupid question but I thought I'd ask:

For a human diver with normal gear i.e. just a bottle of oxygen, is there a depth under which the pressure of the water above exceeds the buoyancy force the diver is subject to, causing him/her to sink to the bottom ?

Thanks in advance for your answers.

submitted by /u/AlexandreFraysse
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My water bottle is a stainless steel, double walled, vacuum insulated vessel. It claims to keep liquids cold for up to 24 hours but only hot for 12 hours. Why are these not the same or at least close to one another?

Posted: 28 May 2016 08:14 AM PDT

How to remove oil off of salt without damaging it?

Posted: 28 May 2016 01:29 PM PDT

I grew some salt crystals and kept them in oil to preserve them. Now, I would like to continue to grow them. How can I remove the oil without ruining the crystals?

submitted by /u/IntendedAccidents
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Do sports like football/gymnastics affect skeletal growth?

Posted: 28 May 2016 08:20 AM PDT

My parents always told me that regularly doing sports (especially playing football) at a young age (pre and during puberty) would make me taller. Is this actually true? I always thought skeletal growth is a 100% genetics and nutrition.

Sorry if this question has already been asked and I assume it has but I couldn't find any satisfying answer using the search function.

submitted by /u/hyusa
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Do cases of extraordinary animal intelligence such as Alex the Parrot show how intelligent that species is, or are there "geniuses" within the species making them outliers?

Posted: 28 May 2016 05:48 AM PDT

If even light can't escape the event horizon, how do Black Holes emit Hawking Radiation?

Posted: 28 May 2016 10:16 PM PDT

My hunch (and I'm completely uneducated on this subject like most) is that since gravity works on photons depending upon the energy they carry, since the gravity of a blackhole would be very high but not literally infinite, except perhaps at the singularity, if that really exists?, a high wavelength, low frequency photon could escape the black hole's gravity?

submitted by /u/johnVanDijk
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Is a blackbody not in thermal equilibrium not emitting blackbody radiation?

Posted: 28 May 2016 02:07 PM PDT

I'm confused about why it's always important to mention black bodies at thermal equilibrium. Isn't it true that any two similar objects at thermal equilibrium would emit and absorb the same amount of thermal radiation?

From wikipedia:

A black body in thermal equilibrium has two notable properties:

-It is an ideal emitter: at every frequency, it emits as much energy as – or more energy than – any other body at the same temperature.

-It is a diffuse emitter: the energy is radiated isotropically, independent of direction.

So suppose you had one blackbody at 100K and another at 500K. Is the radiation emitted by the cooler one not considered blackbody radiation? If so, why?

submitted by /u/NewStandards
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What is it on the atomic scale that makes materials either heat up/cool down slower?

Posted: 29 May 2016 05:28 AM PDT

Why does X^0=1?

Posted: 28 May 2016 05:16 PM PDT

What is the symmetry of the nuclear force?

Posted: 28 May 2016 04:00 PM PDT

I know that the nuclear force isn't really a fundamental force, it's just a weird mechanic caused by the strong force at larger scales, but since it's treated as more of its own thing than magnetism is I would imagine it would have its own symmetry

If I had to guess, I would say it's probably SU(2)xSU(2)xU(1) since it has two groups of three bosons (rho and pi) and a seventh (omega), but my knowledge is extremely spotty and I don't understand 99% of the math in play

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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What are the ripples next to the atoms in the movie 'A boy and his atom'? (link in description)

Posted: 28 May 2016 08:11 AM PDT

I was watching the movie made by IBM Research 'A boy and his atom' (link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSCX78-8-q0) and noticed there's ripples surrounding every atom (and even in some places where there appear to be no atoms but no idea if it has to do with something that had been there behind the scenes or something).

I've read the atoms are carbon monoxide molecules, one atom on top of the other, on top of a copper substrate.

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/svletana
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Is Quantum Tunneling a mechanism for Quantum Entanglement or are they separate?

Posted: 28 May 2016 06:26 PM PDT

Can a neutron go straight through a nucleus?

Posted: 28 May 2016 09:35 AM PDT

If its fast enough I think it may be possible but maybe the amount of kinetic energy required will cause it to react anyway?

submitted by /u/Skrrtx3
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Would spraying boiling water over a fire put it out as effectively as room temp water?

Posted: 28 May 2016 02:08 PM PDT

Was thinking about sweating and water evaporating and somehow my mind stumbled on this question. I can think of a few different reasons why this may just be a bad question but figured I'd ask it anyway! Thought process here is: I guess pouring water on a fire cools it down both by direct heat transfer (water is cooler than whatever it is that's on fire) and by taking energy from the fire and evaporating (maybe this isn't accurate and my understanding of evaporation [and possibly also fire] is shitty?). So if water is already at or near boiling point, it needs less energy to evaporate and doesn't take as much from the fire?

submitted by /u/doodledeedoodle
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Can a super powerful laser attached in a spaceship provide the spaceship with thrust?

Posted: 28 May 2016 05:45 PM PDT

Or is it like trying to throw a ball inside a spaceship which will result in 0 force?And if this could work,how much small force can a laser produce in a a spaceship?

submitted by /u/Hollowprime
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What is the difference between p-branes, D-branes, M-branes, etc...?

Posted: 29 May 2016 03:07 AM PDT

What is the difference between these objects in string theory? Is there one? Also are the strings of string theory a type of 1-brane since they're 1D objects?

submitted by /u/JimPlushie
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How much energy is required to alter earths orbit away from the sun?

Posted: 29 May 2016 02:57 AM PDT

I just read about the red giant phase of sol, where earth would be inhabitable. So lets say we make a ring around the equator line or on a pole during summer so we could "move" the earth. Is that possible with fusion energy etc.? (this is far into the future, so technology is there, and we have all the time in the world)

submitted by /u/Rashaei
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How do moons work? Would it be possible for a planet to gain or lose moons, and could we see it happen? Why do planets farther from the sun seem to have more moons? Can a moon have a moon?

Posted: 28 May 2016 05:56 AM PDT

Why attraction/repulsion by diamagnetic or paramagnetic materials to an external magnetic field?

Posted: 28 May 2016 07:25 AM PDT

I cannot for the life of me figure out why diamagnetic materials are repulsed by an external magnetic field, I thought they had no magnetic moment. And also, if paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials both have at least one unpaired electron, why do only some of them become permanent magnets?

submitted by /u/lonestarphysics
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