Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor? | AskScience Blog

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Sunday, February 28, 2016

Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor?

Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor?


Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:52 PM PST

Why do the melting points of linear alkanes form a zig-zag curve?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 08:45 PM PST

I'm referring to this graph where alkanes from methane, ethane, n-propane, n-butane, et cetera are plotted against their melting temperature. There is a general trend upward, but also a periodicity of two, where even and odd-numbered alkanes agree with each other, alternating between higher and lower than expected based on the trend alone. What explains this deviation from the general trend?

submitted by /u/superhelical
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Why are the charges of protons and electrons perfectly opposite to each other?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 01:39 AM PST

Why are internal alkenes more stable than their terminal counter-parts?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:58 PM PST

Recently, I saw that (E)-Pent-2-ene had a B.P of 36°C and Pent-1-ene had a B.P of 30°C, I checked a couple other alkanes and their alkene counterparts and saw that the trend continued.

I was wondering why this trend occured.

submitted by /u/8thPawn
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Why do electrons like to be in pairs? It's, well, weird that they do, yet it underlies all chemistry.

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 05:02 PM PST

I know that all reactions are essentially energetic electrons shuffling around into comfortable spots. The nuclei play their part too, but it's essentially just electrons that are the main actors in reactions.

Sometimes, a lone pair is donated (and received by the lewis acid); the comfortable position of the electrons between (or above) the electrons creates the covalent bond. And there the electron pair remains, as a pair.

Radical electrons are highly energetic, and the electrons act as they do in order to pair up with another electron; if that creates another radical, that's okay, since the reaction could be a simple back and forth of energy like Newton's cradle.

Orbitals are cozy spots for electron pairs. Nitrogen has a three half-filled p-orbitals; I sort of consider them to be quasi-radicals, since it is these that react in order to pair up somewhere. Oxygen has four p-electrons, one filled p-orbital, two half-filled orbitals; that single filled p-orbital isn't very reactive (or is it reactive at all? I'm not sure; my intuition is that the pair could be donated yet I've never seen a triple-substituted oxygen) (edit: Oh, H3O+ of course, but that's it) while the two half-filled orbitals are reactive, seeking an electron (let's say another one in a half-filled orbital) to pair up with. If oxygen were to react with oxygen, the two half-filled electrons in each molecule pair up, forming the double bond.

So as far as I understand chemistry, that's what happens—electrons bond into pairs, and it is this simple mechanic that underlies all reactions. It's all just shuffling pairs, radicals and quasi-radicals. But why does it happen? Electrons are negatively charged, so I'm assuming that there is another force that overwhelms the electromagnetic force. And it's only pairs too; electrons don't like to be in triples as far as I know.

I found this year-old thread asking the same thing, and the responses centered around the Pauli exclusion principle and quantum numbers, which seem to me to be no answers at all. I suppose I need more detail than what I found.

submitted by /u/EloquenceIsOverrated
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Why is induced seismicity from fracking a big deal?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 10:46 AM PST

I'm an undergraduate studying physics and geology, with some research experience in marine seismology, and I consider myself well off for how far I am in a career in seismology. What I can't seem to understand is why it's such a big deal that Oklahoma has been having these M4.0 earthquakes. Has it been hurting anyone? Have any buildings being damaged? Are they expecting bigger earthquakes to happen because of this?

From what I can tell, people are just freaking out that it's causing earthquakes in general, and not that it's doing anything bad. I'm just wondering if I'm missing something

submitted by /u/frisky_fishy
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Theoretical uses for antimatter?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 07:23 AM PST

Now assuming that we do find a way to efficiently produce or gather antimatter in large quantaties, what would be some potential uses for it? I know at our current state it is terribly inefficient with very little uses, but at a later state in the understanding of it what are some planned uses or rather theoretically possible uses for it?

submitted by /u/Archmagewinshu
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Can you Pavlov condition yourself to menstruate?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:21 PM PST

If you've had your period for a long time and have been doing the same thing every time you get it (I don't know what though) and only when you get it, is it possible to condition yourself to menstruate by doing that thing at other times?

submitted by /u/spicycabbage
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Standing on the other side of the world, would I have felt the Chicxulub impact?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:27 PM PST

I know that puts me in the Indian Ocean today and that the landmass was distributed differently 66 million years ago. I only mean hypothetically.

If Chicxulub's 4.2×1023 joule impact was too weak to feel, then how about the Vredefort or Sudbury impacts? What other immediate effects might I notice on the other side of the world? To what extent did any of these alter the world's spin, axis, or orbit around the sun?

BONUS: Discovery Channel simulation of an object 50 times larger than Chicxulub impacting the Pacific Ocean.

submitted by /u/splitmlik
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How does an aircrafts surface area affect it's flight path?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 01:51 AM PST

Hi, ok so for a paper aeroplane, if it's surface area was increased and it's mass/centre of gravity/launch velocity remained the same, how would it affect the flight path (displacement, hang time, max height etc). Wouldn't if have no effect as the drag would also be increased therefore cancelling out any gain in lift?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/ozvooky
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What is coulomb excitation and how is it used to analyse nuclear shapes?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 10:40 AM PST

Hi

I was reading about differently shaped nuclei, and that coulomb excitation is used to observe these shapes, and I haven't been able to understand it! Can someone explain what it is?

Also, does this method allow you to observe halo nuclei?

submitted by /u/blazar23
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Do larger smartphones have larger antennas and hence better wifi/cell reception?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 09:18 AM PST

Some engineer is probably going to cringe at this question, but it seems logical to silly old me. For example I have an iPhone 6+. Couldn't you fit a larger antenna in an iPhone 6+ than an iPhone 6? And wouldn't that make the wifi and cell service better?

submitted by /u/mikmikthegreat
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How deep can an open pit mine be?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 06:42 AM PST

Can a wide enough open pit mine reach the upper mantle?

submitted by /u/ngc2307
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Which sugars does the brewer's yeast metabolize?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:14 AM PST

Im talking about S. cerevisiae. Which sugars does it metabolize, during the production of beer, or when used to make bread.

Are there different strains, that are more efficient in each procedure?

submitted by /u/kouts5
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When we plot the TdS diagram for petrol engine, the s coordinate decreases during heat rejection( process 4-1). However, I thought entropy never decreases. Why the contradiction?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 11:11 AM PST

Why are we so sure that Electron and Quarks and other elementary particles aren't made of anything else?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:37 AM PST

People thought for a long time that atoms were the smallest thing, their name even means that they aren't made of anything.

So why are we so sure that elementary particles are elementary and not made of anything else?

submitted by /u/TheGreyBearded
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[3D printing] What's the maximum penetration depth for using two-photon polymerization to direct-write 3D structures?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:28 AM PST

Say I wanted to use two-photon polymerization to fabricate 3D structures. Assuming I don't care about build times, how 'deep' can I penetrate into some arbitrary volume of photopolymerizable material?

Most of the literature I could find just talks about the smallest feature size the authors could achieve, but I couldn't find much about maximum depth. Anyone have any first-hand experience or some papers they could point me to?

submitted by /u/spiralingmadness
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How is amusia linked to other disorders?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:01 AM PST

I conduct research on amusia(tone-deafness) and was hoping that some experts could elaborate on the connection of amusia with other disorders, just in case I've missed something.

submitted by /u/veritasvit
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