AskScience AMA Series: We study neutrinos made on earth and in space, hoping to discover brand-new particles and learn more about the mysteries of dark matter, dark radiation, and the evolution of the universe. Ask us anything! | AskScience Blog

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Friday, February 12, 2016

AskScience AMA Series: We study neutrinos made on earth and in space, hoping to discover brand-new particles and learn more about the mysteries of dark matter, dark radiation, and the evolution of the universe. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We study neutrinos made on earth and in space, hoping to discover brand-new particles and learn more about the mysteries of dark matter, dark radiation, and the evolution of the universe. Ask us anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We study neutrinos made on earth and in space, hoping to discover brand-new particles and learn more about the mysteries of dark matter, dark radiation, and the evolution of the universe. Ask us anything!

Posted: 12 Feb 2016 04:10 AM PST

Neutrinos are one of the most exciting topics in particle physics—but also among the least understood. They are the most abundant particle of matter in the universe, but have vanishingly small masses and rarely cause a change in anything they pass through. They spontaneously change from one type to another as they travel, a phenomenon whose discovery was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physics.

Their properties could hold the key to solving some of the greatest mysteries in physics, and scientists around the world are racing to pin them down.

During a session at the AAAS Annual Meeting, scientists will discuss the hunt for a "sterile" neutrino beyond the three types that are known. The hunt is on using neutrinos from nuclear reactors, neutrinos from cosmic accelerators, and neutrinos from man-made particle accelerators such as the Fermilab complex in Batavia, Ill. Finding this long-theorized particle could shed light on the existence of mysterious dark matter and dark radiation and how they affect the formation of the cosmos, and show us where gaps exist in our current understanding of the particles and forces that compose our world.

Olga Mena Requejo, IFIC/CSIC and University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain Searching for Sterile Neutrinos and Dark Radiation Through Cosmology

Peter Wilson, scientist at Fermilab, Batavia, Ill. Much Ado About Sterile Neutrinos: Continuing the Quest for Discovery

Kam-Biu Luk, scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and co-spokesperson for the Daya Bay neutrino experiment in China

Katie Yurkewicz, Communications Director, Fermilab

We'll be back at 12 pm EST (9 am PST, 5 pm UTC) to answer your questions, ask us anything!

submitted by /u/Neutrino_Scientists
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Can a substance at 0K conduct heat?

Posted: 12 Feb 2016 04:21 AM PST

Conduction of heat is purely due to the collision & diffusion of molecules inside a solid, liquid or gas. Therefore if a substance was cooled to absolute zero (so all of its molecules are stationary) and was entirely enveloped by another single substance, does radiation allow it to warm up again?, or does it just stay on its own at that temperature indefinitely?

submitted by /u/TheIntrepidGentleman
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At what point would the weight/gravity of enough asteroids in orbit (for mining purposes) start affecting the Earth's orbit?

Posted: 12 Feb 2016 05:22 AM PST

Could information ever be encoded and transmitted in gravity waves?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 10:07 AM PST

Why does salt prevent noodles from sticking while boiling?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 07:27 PM PST

I always put a few dash's of salt in a pot of noodles when i make pasta, but how does it prevent the noodles from sticking?

submitted by /u/redtalker02
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Is there any relation between the gravity field and the higgs field?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 06:04 PM PST

Is General Relativity the final model?

Posted: 12 Feb 2016 02:03 AM PST

With the recent evidence of Gravity behaving as a wave is GR the end model? Will there be a model replacing GR in the future or is this the one and only model we need? Can we improve and develop a newer model surpassing GR?

submitted by /u/Thomas_Wales
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What are the risks of introducing backdoors into a cryptographic function? Can you secure said backdoor with another unique function?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 04:52 PM PST

Politics aside, I am curious why even put backdoors into a standard function if it allows an adversarial system to have an attack vector. Rather than attacking the function, why not just attack the backdoor?

I could see securing the backdoor cryptographically, but would that allow the adversary to see any unique about the given hash? Meaning, will they see that there is a part of the function that is unique to the rest of the hashed string?

What risk does a state posses when they introduce a backdoor into their encryption standards/functions?

submitted by /u/myhuskyfriend
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If a fly flying directly down a train track is hit by an oncoming train, does the fly stop before changing direction, if so, for that moment is the train also stationary?

Posted: 12 Feb 2016 05:58 AM PST

This has been a debate in our office for some time, and none of us can provide a decent enough answer, with science to back it up.

We've also been unable to find a similar enough question on-line.

If a fly is hit flying directly towards a train does it have to come to a total stop before the force of the train carries it back in the opposite direction.

If the fly is stationary before changing direction, for any period of time, the train would also have to be stationary for the same length of time which is obviously not possible.

The alternative is that the fly never stops, but if the fly never stops, how does it change direction?

Can someone explain which, if any is true and why?

Some points for clarity.

Assume the fly is incompressible

Assume air resistance is 0

submitted by /u/CaptainKingsmill
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Are black holes real? I thought they were unproven theory?

Posted: 12 Feb 2016 05:37 AM PST

The news about gravitational waves is making .. waves and everyone is talking about black holes now. A google search is giving me conflicting answers and I'm not sure what to believe. Help?

submitted by /u/de_zyzzyx_life
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Is aromatase kept or consumed in the reaction to produce estradiol?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 04:26 PM PST

Also, does it serve as a catalyst or more of a direct role? Thanks

submitted by /u/The-Princess
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Why do new comets miss the sun?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 03:28 PM PST

A lump of rock out in the Ort cloud gets bumped, and the unrelenting pull of the sun's gravity draws it in.

After 10s of billions of miles of the sun trying to score a bullseye, how is it some actually miss and become a comet?

submitted by /u/Rmasterson1962
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Is it possible to create a magnet so strong that it collapses into a black hole?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 04:02 PM PST

From what I understand, black holes form when small densities cause the gravitational force to overcome the forces keeping atoms and/or subatomic particles apart.

Would it be possible to do the same thing but swap gravitational force for the electromagnetic force? Perhaps with an extremely powerful electromagnet? If it is possible, what would it take?

submitted by /u/Mr_Dr_Prof_Derp
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Because everything is constantly moving in space, and in enough time will every planet and star eventually collide making one giant star or planet?

Posted: 11 Feb 2016 04:23 PM PST

Why do toddlers like to give stuff to people?

Posted: 10 Feb 2016 12:59 PM PST

I'm trying to find something on Google but all that comes up is about spoiling kids and how sharing is good. Just about every small person I've met and played with always gives me things, whether it's toys, food, or random objects. They come up and say, "here, have this. And this. And this. And this." My friend sent me a video a few minutes ago of the little girl she nannies handing her all of her blocks in handfuls. It's the sweetest thing in the world to experience, but I'm stuck as to why they do it. Has this been studied at all?

submitted by /u/wigwam2323
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Does the divots on dice change the probability of numbers being rolled?

Posted: 10 Feb 2016 11:45 AM PST

Since dice have 1-6 divots, shouldn't that mean that the side with 1 is heavier than the side with a 6? Shouldn't this cause the die to roll with the probability of 1 falling face down, thus rolling a 6 more common than 6 down and 1 up?

submitted by /u/dlukz
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