How is it physically possible for Tardigrades to survive crushing pressures and complete vacuum? | AskScience Blog

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How is it physically possible for Tardigrades to survive crushing pressures and complete vacuum?

How is it physically possible for Tardigrades to survive crushing pressures and complete vacuum?


How is it physically possible for Tardigrades to survive crushing pressures and complete vacuum?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 11:03 AM PST

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardigrade

(Searched first, existing threads were not specific)

How is it that the materials making up its body aren't destroyed by structural stresses?

Would there not still be large pressure gradients over the irregular structures in it's body, even if for only brief moments? It does have an "internal" body cavity which seems at least partially sealed.

Does it have some subsystem that slowly equalizes internal pressure uniformly with its environment?

Most sources cite cryptobiosis, which makes sense to me for tolerance of many conditions, but I don't see how it provides near immunity to extreme pressures.

submitted by sickb
[link] [182 comments]

What would happen if we turned all our genes on?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 10:17 AM PST

Is it possible to reach higher local temperature than the surface temperature of the sun by using focusing lenses?

Posted: 02 Nov 2015 04:03 AM PST

We had a debate at work on whether or not it would be possible to heat something to a higher temperature than the surface temperature of our Sun by using focusing lenses.

My colleagues were advocating that one could not heat anything over 5778K with lenses and mirror, because that is the temperature of the radiating surface of the Sun.

I proposed that we could just think of the sunlight as a energy source, and with big enough lenses and mirrors we could reach high energy output to a small spot (like megaWatts per square mm2). The final temperature would then depend on the energy balance of that spot. Equilibrium between energy input and energy losses (radiation, convection etc.) at given temperature.

Could any of you give an more detailed answer or just point out errors in my reasoning?

submitted by MrDirian
[link] [4 comments]

Why does shining two separate lights at the same surface always make the area brighter than if it were just one of the lights? What about destructive interference?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 06:43 PM PST

There was a post here recently about how sound can "stack" as a result of there being more than one source in a confined region. In some places the sound would be louder because of constructive interference, and others much quieter due to destructive interference; moving the sources of sound would cause the peaks and troughs to move with them.

But why doesn't this happen when, say, I'm shining two flashlights at the same spot on my ceiling? Why can't I move one flashlight back-and-forth until the interference becomes destructive, and the combined lights look dimmer on the surface than each separate light? Why are two lights always brighter than one regardless of the sources' positions?

submitted by TheDoctorEngineer
[link] [12 comments]

Is water in fruit juice less polluted than tap water?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 01:40 PM PST

This is something that's been on the top of my mind for a long time now. Some fruits such as oranges are good deposits of water which is extracted by the plant from the ground. I was wondering whether there is any sort of filtering going on in this process and as a result, whether the water within the fruit is less polluted than water that comes out of filtering stations? Have there been any studies on this?

submitted by mndc
[link] [12 comments]

Leverage in The Martian?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 08:47 PM PST

In the book, this method is used to right a tipped Mars Rover.

I plugged one end into the battery and the other into the infamous sample drill, then walked off with the drill to find solid ground. Once I found it, I kept going until I'd gone as far as the electrical line would reach. I drove a one-meter bit half a meter into a rock, unplugged the power line, and tied it around the base of the bit.

Then I went back to the rover and tied off the cord to the roof-rack bar on the high side. Now I had a long, taut line running perpendicular to the rover.

I walked to the middle of the cord and pulled it laterally. The leverage advantage on the rover was huge. I only hoped it wouldn't break the drill bit before it tipped the rover.

I backed away, pulling the line more and more. Something had to give, and it wasn't going to be me. I had Archimedes on my side. The rover finally tipped

Why does this work? I can sort of understand that the distance moved would be multiplied at the Rover end, but the force he is applying isn't being spread over a longer distance as per levers as I understand them. If he can't apply enough force to simply push the Rover over, how can he apply enough force to pull the cable?

submitted by leekalot
[link] [4 comments]

If I eat a nut, or kernal and it comes out whole in my stool. Do those calories count?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 07:22 PM PST

How is fusing two hydrogen atoms different than a hydrogen atom capturing a neutron?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 12:16 PM PST

In the first case, you have 2 protons combining, and in the second case, you have a proton and a neutron combining, but in both cases, you really just have 2 nucleons combining, and end with products of near-identical mass. So how would they be any different?

submitted by Rideron150
[link] [29 comments]

Would it be possible to throw a baseball around the moon into orbit?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 09:38 PM PST

Hi I'm new to r/askscience so I apologize if this is poor formatting or has already been asked. Aroldis Chapman currently holds the record for fastest pitch at 105.1 mph, (Hypothetically) If he was standing on the moon would this be enough to launch the baseball into orbit around the moon because of the moons decreased gravity? If not would it possible to put a baseball into orbit around the moon at all or would an unforeseen factor like the gravity of earth make it impossible?

submitted by samhandwich36
[link] [17 comments]

What are some experiments/observations that prove relativity is correct, beyond the math Einstein calculated?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 06:57 PM PST

I know that GPS satellites have to take time dilation into account, and I think that has something to do with relativity. What are some other observations or experiments that have been done?

submitted by MrNinja1234
[link] [8 comments]

How much force does a satellite experience in orbit since it must experience force to change direction to stay in a circular orbit?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 01:48 AM PST

How does a photon occurs when an electron moves from an "outside track", around an atomic nucleus to an "inside track"?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 02:59 AM PST

To date, I can't find good literature which describes in detail how a photon occurs when an electron moves from an "outside track", around an atomic nucleus to an "inside track".

The formula of Rydberg does describe the wavelength of the generated photon, but the further physical details of which I have, as noted, still not found are not described in the formula of Rydberg.

Should I consider the electron as the source of the photon? Probably so, because there is little choice.

Furthermore, I couldn't find anything so far about the length of the transmitted pulse. That period must be at least one of which said wavelength long, so at least lambda/c sec. Can anyone give me one or more references for this?

submitted by SpaceKidt
[link] [10 comments]

Specifically WHY is energy created when fusion occurs?

Posted: 01 Nov 2015 01:35 AM PDT

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