After you get a second/third COVID vaccine, people have symptoms because it is part of the immune response. Why doesn't that happen when you're actually exposed to COVID after vaccination? Why doesn't that immune response cause symptoms?

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• After you get a second/third COVID vaccine, people have symptoms because it is part of the immune response. Why doesn't that happen when you're actually exposed to COVID after vaccination? Why doesn't that immune response cause symptoms?
• How does the immune system determine which anti-bodies are needed to deal with a virus infection?
• Did the solar panel on the JWST deploy a little earlier than planned? Will that cause problems?
• How many of the single-point failures of the James Webb Space Telescope are already behind us?
• Since JWST will be so far from earth, will we be able to get better distance measurements through parallax from it?
• How long will it take for the Webb to set up and start sending us images?

After you get a second/third COVID vaccine, people have symptoms because it is part of the immune response. Why doesn't that happen when you're actually exposed to COVID after vaccination? Why doesn't that immune response cause symptoms? Posted: 26 Dec 2021 04:02 AM PST submitted by /u/paleselan1 [link] [comments]

How does the immune system determine which anti-bodies are needed to deal with a virus infection? Posted: 26 Dec 2021 07:20 AM PST I guess it tries a lot of different anti-bodies and some will work but how does it tell which are working? Does it count blocked/broken viruses somehow? submitted by /u/Warmal [link] [comments]

Did the solar panel on the JWST deploy a little earlier than planned? Will that cause problems? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 07:47 AM PST I was watching the live stream, and just as the JWST separated from the last stage and the video was showing it drift away, the solar array deployed. It was pretty clearly a few minutes earlier than expected, and there seemed to be some sudden tension in the audio among the flight control team. Was the deployment early? And, will that cause problems down the line? submitted by /u/TallEric02 [link] [comments]

How many of the single-point failures of the James Webb Space Telescope are already behind us? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST I assume there was a bunch of single point failures that could have occured at the time of launch, now there will be a somewhat "easier" period, and there will be another bunch when JWST arrives at the Lagrange point and opens up. At the time of writing this post JWST is ~4.5% of the way to the Lagrange point 2. submitted by /u/Oficjalny_Krwiopijca [link] [comments]

Since JWST will be so far from earth, will we be able to get better distance measurements through parallax from it? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 08:13 AM PST JWST is going to be 1 million miles from earth, much further than ground based or orbiting telescopes. Are scientists planning to use the additional distance to be able to look for shifts in relative positions of objects due to parallax to help us refine distance measurements? Typically we get astronomical parallax measurements from the changing position of the earth through its orbit, but that takes time (6 months). Maybe JWST will help measure distance to short-lived phenomenon? I've heard lots of discussion of how JWST will help image the farthest/oldest objects, but not anything concerning if it can help refine our measurements of closer objects based on it being offset from earth. submitted by /u/notimeforniceties [link] [comments]

How long will it take for the Webb to set up and start sending us images? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 04:55 AM PST submitted by /u/BumFighter69 [link] [comments]

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Happy holidays to you! And a special thanks to our Moderators, Panelists and Users.

---

• Happy holidays to you! And a special thanks to our Moderators, Panelists and Users.
• How do scientists determine that the new Covid variant is x% more transmissible with y% more/less severe symptoms?
• Why are wet things much harder to burn?
• So is ice a rock or not?
• Is it true that penguins become "insane," "deranged," or "disoriented" and travel away from their colonies to die, as accounted by Werner Herzog in "Encounters at the End of the World" (2009)?
• Do antibodies get used up when preventing an infection?
• How do the rapid antigen tests work in depth?
• What is going on in the bodies of people with asymptomatic Covid-19?
• Fov of a simple eyepiece?
• As we age and our cells accumulate mutations, is there any source within ourselves of “pure, un-mutated” DNA that would match our DNA from when we were a newborn?
• In hepatocellular jaundice is the amount of urine urobilinogen normal , low or increased ?
• Does skeletal muscle hypertrophy increase the risk of a rhabdomyosarcoma?
• Is there a minimum amount of inhaled CO2 required for proper functioning of the human respiratory cycle?
• How do collisions cause diffusion?
• Do Cordyceps tap in to the hosts senses?
• Is Omicron replacing Delta the way previous variants replaced their predecessors, or is it just adding more cases on top of Delta?
• What is the difference between tumor thrombus and tumor thrombosis? Is the latter an existing term?

Happy holidays to you! And a special thanks to our Moderators, Panelists and Users. Posted: 25 Dec 2021 11:51 AM PST Happy holidays to all of you from /r/AskScience! All of you make this subreddit possible and I want to all know how sincerely I appreciate what you do here. To every moderator who ensures that the posts are curated and the overall function of the subreddit works. You make up the framework of AskScience, without you there would be nothing to build on. With your high standards of quality and diligent work, you keep this subreddit full of quality content. To every panelist, thank you for helping curate comments and answering questions. Without your answers this sub could not exist. Sharing your expertise and answering questions I truly believe you have helped raise the overall understanding of science across all of reddit. With such a wide array of experts, you always come through with a stunning level of understanding to share. Finally, to the users. Thank you, driving interest and asking questions lets this subreddit fill its core function. Your curiosity helps everyone reading the posts gain a greater understanding of the universe and how it works. I hope every single one of you have a fantastic end to the year and an even happier new year. submitted by /u/MockDeath [link] [comments]

How do scientists determine that the new Covid variant is x% more transmissible with y% more/less severe symptoms? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 11:04 AM PST Like what are the actual processes involved in coming to these figures and how accurate are these? submitted by /u/Silencer306 [link] [comments]

Why are wet things much harder to burn? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 06:11 AM PST Seems like an obvious question but I was discussing this with my kids and we couldn't find a good answer. I'm hoping that the collective brains here can give us a definitive answers. Thanks submitted by /u/Upbeat_Map_348 [link] [comments]

So is ice a rock or not? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 11:05 PM PST Are ice cubes rocks? submitted by /u/playdoughzombie [link] [comments]

Is it true that penguins become "insane," "deranged," or "disoriented" and travel away from their colonies to die, as accounted by Werner Herzog in "Encounters at the End of the World" (2009)? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 11:17 PM PST This moment in the documentary fascinated me, where Herzog shows a penguin stopping in its tracks, and suddenly starts walking alone away from its home or hunting grounds towards the desolate mountains of Antarctica, where it will die. He says that the penguin scientist he talked to (though without directly showing us the scientist telling this) told him that, even if they went out and brought the penguin back, he would just go right back to his death march. I really can't stop thinking about it, it's a strangely, somewhat upsettingly, human behavior that, if is how Herzog describes, certainly appears like the penguins are trying to die. But when looking online, I couldn't find any scientific reports of this behavior, only people referring back to the documentary. The scientist seemed like a real scientist, but there's no information on this I could find. Is there any truth to this? Is this a behavior scientists have observed in penguins, and if so is it as bleak as Herzog describes? submitted by /u/sweaty_garbage [link] [comments]

Do antibodies get used up when preventing an infection? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 04:14 PM PST Suppose I have COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies from a vaccine. I get exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but neutralizing antibodies prevent the virus from reaching my cells. Does that lower my antibody levels, leaving me more vulnerable on next exposure? Would antibody levels drop for other reasons than this? Can the distinction (if this depletion does occur) be measured? submitted by /u/Sgeo [link] [comments]

How do the rapid antigen tests work in depth? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 06:23 PM PST Hi, I was interested in knowing the specifics of how the rapid antigen tests work, I know that they must involve identifying covid antigens but how exactly? I couldn't find any information about them online apart from that they 'are less accurate than the PCR tests.' submitted by /u/twinkle_taco [link] [comments]

What is going on in the bodies of people with asymptomatic Covid-19? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 02:52 PM PST For the approximately 33% of Covid-19 positive people who have no symptoms (but can still transmit the disease), what is actually happening in their interactions between their immune systems and the virus? If they can transmit the disease to others, the virus must be replicating in their cells; why does this not hammer them with the usual symptoms such as coughing and fever? submitted by /u/gtd98765 [link] [comments]

Fov of a simple eyepiece? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 10:12 AM PST I'm trying to understand these old-style eyepieces where there was only a lens and an aperture at the focal distance of the lens. How does one calculate the FOV of the eyepiece? Also known as the apparent field of view of a telescope? e.g. https://www.nexstarsite.com/_RAC/articles/fieldofview.htm#:~:text=The%20field%20of%20view%20is,smaller%20piece%20of%20the%20sky.&text=Usually%20astronomers%20refer%20to%20the,field%20of%20view%20or%20TFOV. ​ A diagram to illustrate the problem submitted by /u/Synethos [link] [comments]

As we age and our cells accumulate mutations, is there any source within ourselves of “pure, un-mutated” DNA that would match our DNA from when we were a newborn? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 11:35 PM PST submitted by /u/lostinthesoundd [link] [comments]

In hepatocellular jaundice is the amount of urine urobilinogen normal , low or increased ? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 01:39 PM PST submitted by /u/strictlyscience22 [link] [comments]

Does skeletal muscle hypertrophy increase the risk of a rhabdomyosarcoma? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 11:27 AM PST submitted by /u/ducktit [link] [comments]

Is there a minimum amount of inhaled CO2 required for proper functioning of the human respiratory cycle? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 11:52 PM PST I'm aware of certain levels that need to be maintained in the blood but it is my understanding that this is produced internally. If this is the case would it be safe for me to breath air with a theoretical 0/ppm CO2 composition? Relatedly, is there consensus on the optimal proportions of gases to maximize brain function in a typical human and where could I find such information? Thanks! submitted by /u/6f8c3b9ae4fe5aba2 [link] [comments]

How do collisions cause diffusion? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 06:41 AM PST Never really understood why random collisions can suddenly drive particles to areas of lower concentrations. Why is this? submitted by /u/ThemeWeak9748 [link] [comments]

Do Cordyceps tap in to the hosts senses? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 01:19 AM PST I was just watching the BBC Nature doco about the fascinating and kind of scary Cordyceps, and how they take over ants, and make them go to an optimum place then clamp their jaws onto the plant stalk and then the Cordyceps start emitting spores and the whole lovely process can repeat. My question is how does the parasite know when the ant is in the position it wants it to be in, before triggering the next stage (the jaw clamp and spores/growing)? Does it actually burrow into the insects brain and live in it now or is it capable of it's control without doing that? submitted by /u/Y34rZer0 [link] [comments]

Is Omicron replacing Delta the way previous variants replaced their predecessors, or is it just adding more cases on top of Delta? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 07:15 PM PST submitted by /u/hehyougotme [link] [comments]

What is the difference between tumor thrombus and tumor thrombosis? Is the latter an existing term? Posted: 25 Dec 2021 01:13 AM PST I couldn't find answers on Google. The term "tumor thrombosis" appears only in papers authored by Asian researchers (translated papers). Hence, I couldn't verify whether it is a proper term and couldn't find information regarding this term. submitted by /u/miliseconds [link] [comments]

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Why do some Israeli scientists say a second booster is "counterproductive," and may compromise the body’s ability to fight the virus?

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• Why do some Israeli scientists say a second booster is "counterproductive," and may compromise the body’s ability to fight the virus?
• In the rare occasion that someone gets myocarditis either from Covid or a vaccine, how long are they going to live? What is the life expectancy of someone with (not severe) myocarditis or pericarditis?
• Why does heterochromia seem to be so common in house cats, when compared to other kinds of pet animals?
• What is actually happening when someone's voice "cracks"?
• How long did people live 3,000 years ago? How do we know what was the average human life span/life expectancy back then? Can People Live to 150?
• If mRNA vaccines produce the spike protein within our cells and then our bodies produce antibodies to those proteins, why have some hospitals stopped using monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19? What’s the difference between our bodies’ antibodies and the monoclonal antibodies?
• Does toothpaste usage alter oral microbiome?
• What geographical location has the most potential for simultaneous natural disasters? Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, etc
• Is it possible to catch Covid again immediately having recovered from it?
• Do Covid variants "occur" all within one host person or do they likely occur across a group of people?
• How long can COVID19 still be detected on a swab after the initial sample?
• What types of species (animal, plant, etc.) from the USA are invasive species to other countries?
• Do at home covid tests test specifically for covid-19 or just any coronavirus?
• Why aren't agonic lines simply the line drawn from magnetic north to polar north?
• If you've got plugged ears, does a high volume sound still damage the ears to the same degree, even if you can't hear the sound as much?
• How can we predict solar eclipses? And how were ancient people able to do so?
• How did ancient economies work after banks were already invented but central banks didn't regulate economy and didn't set rates?

Why do some Israeli scientists say a second booster is "counterproductive," and may compromise the body’s ability to fight the virus? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 08:13 AM PST Israel recently approved a fourth dose for the vulnerable citing waning immunity after the first boost. Peter Hotez endorsed a second boost for healthcare workers in the LA Times. This excerpt confuses me though: Article: https://archive.md/WCGDd The proposal to give a fourth dose to those most at risk drew criticism from other scientists and medical professionals, who said it was premature and perhaps even counterproductive. Some experts have warned that too many shots eventually may lead to a sort of immune system fatigue, compromising the body's ability to fight the virus. A few members of the advisory panel raised that concern with respect to the elderly, according to a written summary of the discussion obtained by The New York Times. A few minutes googling didn't uncover anything. I'm concerned because I heard Osterholm mention (37:00) long covid may be the result of a compromised immune system. Could the fourth shot set the stage for reinfection and/or long term side effects? Or is it merely a wasted shot? submitted by /u/Automatic-Mention [link] [comments]

In the rare occasion that someone gets myocarditis either from Covid or a vaccine, how long are they going to live? What is the life expectancy of someone with (not severe) myocarditis or pericarditis? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 05:02 AM PST Edit: asking because i saw these articles https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109712001581 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459259/ submitted by /u/th4tsmyus3rn4me [link] [comments]

Why does heterochromia seem to be so common in house cats, when compared to other kinds of pet animals? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 08:53 AM PST submitted by /u/QuothTheRabbit [link] [comments]

What is actually happening when someone's voice "cracks"? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 09:22 AM PST submitted by /u/Yobazeke [link] [comments]

How long did people live 3,000 years ago? How do we know what was the average human life span/life expectancy back then? Can People Live to 150? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 08:25 AM PST submitted by /u/Due-Parsley2924 [link] [comments]

If mRNA vaccines produce the spike protein within our cells and then our bodies produce antibodies to those proteins, why have some hospitals stopped using monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19? What’s the difference between our bodies’ antibodies and the monoclonal antibodies? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 10:13 PM PST What makes the vaccine antibodies more robust / diverse than the monoclonal antibodies produced in labs? submitted by /u/Spadunk93 [link] [comments]

Does toothpaste usage alter oral microbiome? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 06:05 PM PST I am unaware of papers that have tested the effect of brushing teeth with or without toothpaste on oral microbiome, but please let me know if there are any. I would hypothesize that the toothpaste would alter the microbiome compared to no toothpaste brushing, as toothpaste is inherently bactericidal and probably temporarily alters the pH of the mouth? There are papers that look into different types of toothpaste on oral microbiome, but I'm not sure how trustworthy they are. The million dollar question would be if using toothpaste alter the oral microbiome for better or worse? Edit: This paper is an interesting read on oral microbiome, does suggest the microbiome is important to tooth health, but still doesn't answer the questions at hand: https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2018.81 submitted by /u/DegreeResponsible463 [link] [comments]

What geographical location has the most potential for simultaneous natural disasters? Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, etc Posted: 24 Dec 2021 08:37 PM PST submitted by /u/jalcocer06 [link] [comments]

Is it possible to catch Covid again immediately having recovered from it? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 04:39 AM PST Say you've completed your 10 day quarantine and recovered from Covid. If you were placed in a room with 5 infected people, would you get it again immediately? submitted by /u/TheGreatRaymondinio [link] [comments]

Do Covid variants "occur" all within one host person or do they likely occur across a group of people? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 04:21 PM PST Given the large number of variations in Omicron, I'm curious if it likely came about gradually across a group of people with new variations occurring as it's passed to new hosts or all variations likely occurred within one person? submitted by /u/RUN_MDB [link] [comments]

How long can COVID19 still be detected on a swab after the initial sample? Posted: 24 Dec 2021 08:29 AM PST submitted by /u/seductive_error [link] [comments]

What types of species (animal, plant, etc.) from the USA are invasive species to other countries? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 06:15 PM PST submitted by /u/koisfish [link] [comments]

Do at home covid tests test specifically for covid-19 or just any coronavirus? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 09:15 PM PST Hi everyone, A friend and I were talking about the at home test for covid 19 and we were wondering if the test are specific to covid-19 or all Coronas in general. We are not scientist and when we did a google search could find a quick answer on reputable sites(like cdc and such). Thank you!!! submitted by /u/Yazzjazzpazz [link] [comments]

Why aren't agonic lines simply the line drawn from magnetic north to polar north? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 07:44 PM PST I was watching a video about magnetic declination and the presenter was describing how there are lines of zero declination (called agonic lines), where you don't need to adjust a compass at all for it to point to true north. That makes sense to me, but when I got curious and looked up NOAA maps that show magnetic declination lines I saw that the agonic lines weren't where I expected them to be, and furthermore they didn't even form straight lines when projected on a globe. Here's a picture of the current magnetic north (as of 2020). If you drew a line through the north pole and the magnetic north pole, and extended it around the globe, it would touch Eastern Russia, and also just west of Greenland. Now here is a map of current declination lines. The weird projection they used makes it hard to visualize on a globe but what's very clear is that there's a big ol agonic line shooting right through the middle of the USA, and that line touches neither the north pole nor magnetic north. There's also a second agonic line that does go from the north pole to magnetic north, except rather than just going straight there it meanders through Africa first! What the heck? Why is this? Wouldn't people in Manitoba have to adjust their compasses quite a bit to point true north? Because according to the map they don't. I don't know what concept I'm missing here but I'm hoping someone can help me out because this just makes no sense to me. submitted by /u/typical83 [link] [comments]

If you've got plugged ears, does a high volume sound still damage the ears to the same degree, even if you can't hear the sound as much? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 01:32 PM PST This may seem stupid, but I had plugged ears (like from pressure changes) today while listening to music and became genuinely curious. submitted by /u/Amaryllis_blooms [link] [comments]

How can we predict solar eclipses? And how were ancient people able to do so? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 11:12 AM PST Just something I've been wondering about for a while now... As I understand it (Thanks, Bill Nye!), the orbit of the moon is "wobbly" and somewhat random. Given that information, how can we accurately predict solar eclipses months, years, and even decades in advance? Additionally, how were ancient peoples able to predict them as well without advanced scientific equipment? submitted by /u/brokenimage321 [link] [comments]

How did ancient economies work after banks were already invented but central banks didn't regulate economy and didn't set rates? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 12:13 PM PST submitted by /u/vigzeL [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

AskScience AMA Series: We're microbiologists and artists who recently competed in (and won!) the American Society for Microbiology's Agar Art Contest. AUA!

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• AskScience AMA Series: We're microbiologists and artists who recently competed in (and won!) the American Society for Microbiology's Agar Art Contest. AUA!
• How did wild sheep live a lifetime without the possibility to have their wool cut?
• How are people who test positive with an at home rapid test accounted for in totals and R0 figures?
• Do we know what percentage of Covid invections come from inhalation vs surface contact?
• The mRNA vaccines use a seemingly roundabout method for creating the spike protein: inject mRNA which is then read by cells which then create the spike protein. Why not cut out the middleman and inject the spike protein directly?
• Why mRNA vaccine doesn't initiate cytokine attack?
• How broadly might Pfizer’s new covid antiviral pill work?
• What do we know about Long-Covid (i.e. people who haven't had any measurable damage but feel like something is wrong in their body)?
• Most sites say cats become malnutritioned if fed only meat and never any "cat food". Is this a marketing scam, or how would wild cats have been able to survive in nature?
• Are covid reinfections generally less severe?
• How does the immune system attack HIV?
• What does the Pfizer COVID-19 Anti-Viral Pill Do? How does it differ from taking Monoclonal Antibody Treatment in treating COVID-19?
• is the protein that is coded by the covid vaccine exactly the same as the one found on the virus?
• What was the vital force in vital force theory of organic compounds ?
• Why did the space shuttle have to do the 'roll maneuver?'
• Is there a fundamental difference between brain signals decoding thoughts and signals decoding motions?
• Why was the hole in the ozone layer over the south pole?
• Do People who fast regularly have lower risk of diabetes ?
• What advantages does the U.S. Army's new ferritin nanoparticle vaccine have over existing mRNA vaccines?
• In terms of its physical shape, how is COVID-19 different from other coronaviruses?
• Why does snow crunch?
• Do dyslexic people always read the word as the same rearranged word or it differs everytime they read it. If so why?
• Is there any limit to message length or the number of items coded into an mRNA vaccine?
• Does hypothalamic inflammation always happen in response to eating food? Is it what produces satiety, esp in response to eating saturated fats?

AskScience AMA Series: We're microbiologists and artists who recently competed in (and won!) the American Society for Microbiology's Agar Art Contest. AUA! Posted: 23 Dec 2021 05:01 AM PST Interested in how science and art overlap? So are we! We are scientists and artists who use a variety of artistic media to create works of art that showcase microbiology in our world. Some of us use combinations of microbes "painted" on nutritional agar; others use more traditional artistic platforms like drawings and photography to express our ideas. What we have in common (other than our love of microbiology and art) is that we are all winners of the American Society for Microbiology's 2021 Agar Art Contest! The American Society for Microbiology has organized this annual contest since 2015, inviting scientists, artists, and anyone with an interest in the intersection of science and art, to create and submit their microbial artwork. This is a rugged competition: each year there are hundreds of entries from around the world that are narrowed down through two rounds of expert judging to identify the winners. Join us today for a discussion about our individual artistic inspirations and creative processes. We'll answer your questions about how to turn microbes (and microbial ideas and concepts) into works of art. We'll be jumping on from 2 - 4 PM ET (7 PM - 9 PM UTC). Ask us anything! With us today are: Dr. Sarah Adkins-Jablonsky, Ph.D. (u/EvolvedtoHibernate)- Medical student, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine Sonja Borndörfer (u/Sonja-1008)- Student, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf Mireya Duran (u/tigerlily0423)- Medical Laboratory Scientist, Texas Health (Dallas) Dr. Judy Nguyen, Ph.D. (u/judynwin)- Administrator, Monarch Butterfly Friends Hawaii Natascha Varona (u/NataschaVarona)- Ph.D. Student, University of Miami Links: https://asm.org/Events/ASM-Agar-Art-Contest/Home https://fems-microbiology.org/and-the-winners-of-microbeart2021-are/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/painting-with-penicillin-alexander-flemings-germ-art-1761496/ submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

How did wild sheep live a lifetime without the possibility to have their wool cut? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 09:37 AM PST submitted by /u/dubidubat [link] [comments]

How are people who test positive with an at home rapid test accounted for in totals and R0 figures? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 09:00 AM PST I know of dozens of people who tested positive in the last week (Colorado) and all of them with an at home test. Case numbers are spiking like crazy in surrounding counties, but I have to imagine with how many people are discovering they're infected outside the medical system it has to be significantly worse than reported. Do statisticians attempt to estimate the number of people in this scenario? Or is every number you see from total cases to R0 drastically undervalued? submitted by /u/White_Ranger33 [link] [comments]

Do we know what percentage of Covid invections come from inhalation vs surface contact? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 12:46 PM PST The UK government's Covid slogan is Hands (sanitising) Face (masks) Space (social distancing). Do we actually know how many people are infected from surfaces versus the air? submitted by /u/Se7enineteen [link] [comments]

The mRNA vaccines use a seemingly roundabout method for creating the spike protein: inject mRNA which is then read by cells which then create the spike protein. Why not cut out the middleman and inject the spike protein directly? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 09:18 AM PST submitted by /u/harold-hasenpfeffer [link] [comments]

Why mRNA vaccine doesn't initiate cytokine attack? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 04:07 AM PST If cytokine storm is due to evading lots of pathogens and mRNA vaccine produce lots of spikes, why there isn't cytokine storm after vaccination? submitted by /u/returnofdinosaurs [link] [comments]

How broadly might Pfizer’s new covid antiviral pill work? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 04:39 PM PST I read that Pfizer's new pill, paxlovid, is a protease inhibitor that interferes with viral replication, and that they expect it to work just as well against omicron as it did against previous variants. Will it work against all potential sars-cov-19 variants? Might it work on other coronavirus? Other types of viruses, like influenza? submitted by /u/Qwertyyzxcvvv [link] [comments]

What do we know about Long-Covid (i.e. people who haven't had any measurable damage but feel like something is wrong in their body)? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 06:33 AM PST submitted by /u/EnvironmentalOwl3729 [link] [comments]

Most sites say cats become malnutritioned if fed only meat and never any "cat food". Is this a marketing scam, or how would wild cats have been able to survive in nature? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 04:45 AM PST Been reading about how one would provide a full nutritious plate to a cat without using super processed "cat food"s, and this always strikes me as weird (seeing as cats are obligate carnivores). submitted by /u/DarkEvilHedgehog [link] [comments]

Are covid reinfections generally less severe? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 11:50 AM PST Is getting covid once similar to the vaccine, as in you might get covid again but it's a lot less likely to be a bad case where you are hospitalized/die? Or does it not really change anything and the reinfection is just as likely to be bad as the first time? Thank you. submitted by /u/lyb770 [link] [comments]

How does the immune system attack HIV? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 06:51 AM PST My question concerns the untreated HIV infection. As far as I know it works like that: In the acute phase, viral load is at hundreds of thousands or millions of virus copies per ml of blood. After a couple of weeks, antibodies are produced. Then, viral load decreases rapidly and stabilizes at around 10k to 30k copies. I assumed that this decrease is caused by antibodies. Now I read in a German article, that only few people develop neutralizing antibodies, most only produce antibodies that can detect but not block HIV. Does anyone know whether that is correct? And if so, why does the viral load drop after the acute phase? Is something else attacking the virus? Many thanks in advance! submitted by /u/duckinatubber [link] [comments]

What does the Pfizer COVID-19 Anti-Viral Pill Do? How does it differ from taking Monoclonal Antibody Treatment in treating COVID-19? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 12:01 PM PST submitted by /u/okonomiyaki2003 [link] [comments]

is the protein that is coded by the covid vaccine exactly the same as the one found on the virus? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 07:21 AM PST submitted by /u/unimportantsarcasm [link] [comments]

What was the vital force in vital force theory of organic compounds ? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 06:47 AM PST submitted by /u/Papa_newton [link] [comments]

Why did the space shuttle have to do the 'roll maneuver?' Posted: 22 Dec 2021 04:50 AM PST After takeoff the space shuttle always performed a roll maneuver. Why couldn't it be oriented on the pad to avoid having to make such an adjustment? submitted by /u/zonayork [link] [comments]

Is there a fundamental difference between brain signals decoding thoughts and signals decoding motions? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 01:56 AM PST I just saw an Elon Musk interview where he explained that at Neuralink they're essentially tapping into an animal's brain signal for motion and convert it to a digital signal. Is this in theory (being a big word) also possible with thoughts? submitted by /u/Peerroxx [link] [comments]

Why was the hole in the ozone layer over the south pole? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 04:52 AM PST I think I get why how CFCs reduced ozone, however I don't see what mechanism made it so that this manifested as a localised hole over the south pole. Why north the north pole? Why a hole and not a general reduction everywhere/where use was highest? submitted by /u/Bluy98888 [link] [comments]

Do People who fast regularly have lower risk of diabetes ? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 02:04 AM PST People who fast regularly like religious people have a lower risk of being diabetic, is that true? Being at a high risk of diabetes I'm trying to avoid as much risks as I can and i dont mind fasting but my mom wanted to know more about it so can someone please let me know.. Thank you submitted by /u/_notkk_ [link] [comments]

What advantages does the U.S. Army's new ferritin nanoparticle vaccine have over existing mRNA vaccines? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 07:11 PM PST submitted by /u/dawillus [link] [comments]

In terms of its physical shape, how is COVID-19 different from other coronaviruses? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 01:34 PM PST COVID-19 is only one virus in the coronavirus family. I know that most of the viruses in this family are fairly harmless and are little more than the common cold, but it also includes more serious viruses like SARS and MERS. I am curious about how COVID-19 differs from other coronaviruses in terms of is physical makeup (as we can see in this illustration). One thing I hear that makes COVID-19 dangerous is the spike proteins on its surface. Do other coronaviruses not have spike proteins? If they do, why are the spikes on COVID-19 more dangerous? submitted by /u/crono09 [link] [comments]

Why does snow crunch? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 08:36 PM PST submitted by /u/Ickydumdum [link] [comments]

Do dyslexic people always read the word as the same rearranged word or it differs everytime they read it. If so why? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 08:13 PM PST Let's say a dyslexic person reads "stay" as "ytsa", will the person read it again as "ytsa" or some other rearrangement? submitted by /u/__gg_ [link] [comments]

Is there any limit to message length or the number of items coded into an mRNA vaccine? Posted: 23 Dec 2021 03:59 AM PST I was thinking about how the mRNA vaccines of this year code for a spike protein that is being replaced out in the wild by the omicron variant. Is it possible to write an mRNA vaccine that codes for BOTH the alpha and omicron spike proteins? Is it possible to add delta in too? Could an mRNA vaccine code for Covid and also flu? Is there any limit to the amount of viral information you could put in a vaccine? What are the technical limitations to mRNA vaccines and message length? submitted by /u/SwagarTheHorrible [link] [comments]

Does hypothalamic inflammation always happen in response to eating food? Is it what produces satiety, esp in response to eating saturated fats? Posted: 22 Dec 2021 11:28 PM PST Inspired by this quote from rapamycin.news: Richard Miller suggested that when you take these canagliflozin results together with the acarbose results, you're led to the inference that something about aging in the male mice depends a lot on staying away from really high glucose levels. However, whether that means that high glucose in the males triggers a circuit in the hypothalamus, which is bad for you or something, is just a hypothesis. It may be that it has to do with the susceptibility of the hypothalamus to inflammatory change differentially in males than in females. And this nebulous change has an impact on the cancer, or an impact on anti-cancer defenses or something submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

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