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Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Do mirrors reflect only visible-spectrum EM waves or those of other wavelengths?

Do mirrors reflect only visible-spectrum EM waves or those of other wavelengths?


Do mirrors reflect only visible-spectrum EM waves or those of other wavelengths?

Posted: 28 May 2019 02:53 AM PDT

I recall the story in which people who were present shortly after the chernobyl disaster were able to view extremely irradiated areas (see: elephants foot) through mirrors and cameras. Do the mirrors reflect any/some of the ionizing radiation?

On the other end, do mirrors have any effect on infrared light or radio waves?

submitted by /u/Sushimono
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How are clothes washed aboard the ISS?

Posted: 27 May 2019 07:36 AM PDT

Why did physicians historically administer vaccines into patients buttocks as opposed to the Arms/thighs?

Posted: 28 May 2019 03:04 AM PDT

Why aren't all batteries rechargeable?

Posted: 28 May 2019 03:36 AM PDT

Im talking about the AAA batteries you buy in stores: 1. How come you can charge some batteries and can't charge others 2. If chargeable batteries can be made then why make and sell unchargable ones

submitted by /u/Foxxit_
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Which species first evolved eyebrows?

Posted: 28 May 2019 12:01 AM PDT

What gives hydrofoils roll stability?

Posted: 27 May 2019 05:35 PM PDT

What gives hydrofoil water craft roll stability?

I know that roll stability in airplanes comes from dihedral, but that also requires side slip to take effect.

Is it the same effect with hydrofoils or is there a different phenomenon that keeps them from rolling over?

submitted by /u/maxwellmotion
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Are rainstorms, or storms in general, at all influenced by the sunlight? In other words, do storms behave differently at night vs during the day?

Posted: 27 May 2019 07:13 AM PDT

Is the Milky Way generally rotationally aligned the same way our solar system is?

Posted: 27 May 2019 09:56 AM PDT

The sun and planets are generally revolving around the same plane spinning in the same direction due to conserving angular momentum when the bodies were being formed. Does the Milky Way have the same tendency where the stars and solar systems are all rotating the same direction?

submitted by /u/Steelsly
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If I drink beer all night, is my piss alcoholic or do I digest all the alcohol?

Posted: 27 May 2019 03:02 PM PDT

Can Bessel Functions describe Cylindrical Harmonics in more than 3 dimensions?

Posted: 27 May 2019 09:22 PM PDT

3D Cylindrical coordinates have length, radius, and angle. If you add a fourth dimension, is it another angle? Radius? Or length? Why?

I am specifically thinking of TE and TM modes in a cylindrical waveguide.

I was talking to my friend's dad, who worked at Lockheed. His specialty was optics. He worked on the space shuttle back in the day. He designed an instrument which was used to align the heat shield tiles with high precision.

I asked him about Bessel Functions. He said, "Oh yeah. If you have vibrations on a sphere, that's Spherical Harmonics. If it's vibrations in a cylinder, that's Bessel Functions. And vibrations on a flat rectangle, that's Hermite Polynomials".

Is this true?

I'm trying to model what it would look like if you have TE or TM modes in a cylindrical waveguide, but the waveguide (and waves) exists in 4 dimensions of space. I want to make an animation in Processing 3.

submitted by /u/wam235
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During Nuclear fusion experiments, how is the power produced dissipated safely?

Posted: 27 May 2019 08:14 AM PDT

I've seen smaller scale tests using heater bars to dissipate energy as heat, but how is this translated to such a high energy level?

submitted by /u/isthisastudentyplace
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Why can electrical wiring not be used to repair nerve damage, especially in the spinal cord?

Posted: 27 May 2019 02:10 PM PDT

Say, for instance, someone is shot through their spine, destroying the spinal nerves in a specific location. Is it not possible to implant a conducting material like copper in that region, to at least try and reestablish a connection, creating the possibility of relearning through physical therapy?

submitted by /u/rustin420blznayylmao
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Why aren't viruses considered alive?

Posted: 27 May 2019 07:25 AM PDT

I get that we have a list of criteria for something being alive (i.e. it has to grow, reproduce, evolve, respond to stimuli, etc.) and that viruses fail several of these criteria. Here is my issue though, isn't this list arbitrary? Like, why draw the line at a place that excludes viruses. They sure seem alive by many standards. They even have genetic material, reproduce, and evolve. It has been proposed before that our definitions of life could exclude life on other planets that evolved differently from Earth. Doesn't that mean we are just arbitrarily choosing to exclude some from Earth itself too? Is there a reason or a benefit to exclude viruses from the tree of life?

submitted by /u/Quincy0807
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How are heat (phonons) and sound different?

Posted: 27 May 2019 10:46 AM PDT

I know that heat is made up of phonons, or lattice vibrations, and sound is vibrations through a medium (on a much larger scale than phonons). What distinguishes them? If a sound existed that was so small/quiet-so as to be on the same energetic scale as a phonon-how would it be different from a phonon?

submitted by /u/zensark
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Is Internal Deformation in glaciers fastest at the surface or at the base?

Posted: 27 May 2019 07:57 AM PDT

Through some skimming google searches, I find directly contradictory statements that either say "friction from the ground causes slower internal deformation at the base," or "higher pressures drive faster internal deformation at the base".

I'm inclined to agree with the latter statement, since internal deformation is reliant on pressure, but the logic of the former makes sense, as glaciers flow faster in the center than the edges because of friction with the valley walls.

submitted by /u/HugoTroop
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Why do bladeless wind turbines have to be spaced out?

Posted: 27 May 2019 04:12 AM PDT

I saw this video about new wind turbines that dont have blades.

https://i.imgur.com/HkPc4IF.jpg

I'm just wondering why they are as far apart as they are? Is that the minimum distance to ensure effectiveness? Why is that the case?

And why not just put them as close together as possible?

submitted by /u/TearShitDown
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What happens underground as more and more oil is extracted?

Posted: 27 May 2019 06:02 AM PDT

My understanding is that to extract oil from normal underground oil fields, explorers need to pump water instead, to replace it.

What happens down there as we extract all those millions of barrels of oil around the world? Will the underground earth strata not get destabilized somehow?

submitted by /u/Redpillbrigade17
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Stuff like the asian economic crisis 1997, how does one problem spread throughout the whole Continent?

Posted: 27 May 2019 06:34 AM PDT

I was recently search for The economic crisis of Thailand 1997, with little knowledge of economic, how does one problem in Thailand cause a mass destruction of inflation in other ASEAN country like Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, etc?

submitted by /u/Faiswusuf
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Is there any evidence that melatonin supplementation leads to decreased production of it in humans?

Posted: 27 May 2019 03:53 AM PDT

As an example, those men who supplement testosterone are often advised that endogenous production of testosterone may decrease and lifelong supplementation may be necessary.

Since the body also makes melatonin, does artificial supplementation of it lead to decreased endogenous production in the short or long term?

(Not asking for specific medical advice, just curious.)

submitted by /u/calion009
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How does blood flow round your body in space?

Posted: 27 May 2019 08:59 AM PDT

Monday, May 27, 2019

Are modern humans stronger or more athletic than our pre-agricultural counterparts?

Are modern humans stronger or more athletic than our pre-agricultural counterparts?


Are modern humans stronger or more athletic than our pre-agricultural counterparts?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:47 PM PDT

Why is a cooling tower in a Nuclear power plant, the shape that it is?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:05 PM PDT

What exactly does it mean for the electromagnetic force to be carried by photons?

Posted: 27 May 2019 05:00 AM PDT

When magnets attract or repel each other, are they literally exchanging photons? Can they be detected, or blocked? What is actually causing the acceleration?

When an electron is attracted to a proton are they creating and absorbing photons, and what does this have to do with an electron absorbing a photon and moving up in energetic states?

What's the difference between positive and negative charge with respect to photons?

Finally, what does it even mean for a force to be carried by a particle?

I don't understand the mechanism behind this at all.

submitted by /u/Mr-C137
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How does Proteinase K avoid eating itself?

Posted: 27 May 2019 06:13 AM PDT

A protein that digests proteins, but does not get digested by itself.

submitted by /u/iorgfeflkd
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Why did RMBK reactor had graphite-tipped control rods?

Posted: 27 May 2019 02:19 AM PDT

As you might expect, I started watching the Chernobyl series, and got enough explanation as why the disaster happened.
But I can't find any information why the control rods in the reactor had graphite tips?

submitted by /u/Barcelus
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If somebody shot an atom-sized bullet at you, would it actually hit you or go right through? And if not, how big does a bullet have to be for it to hit you?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:52 AM PDT

Palm trees are really topheavy. Why do they resist breaking so much better than deciduous trees like poplars?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:51 PM PDT

Why do the outsides of cold drink get wet?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:27 PM PDT

Do we have an idea\hypothesis on how did chromosomes appear?

Posted: 26 May 2019 11:05 AM PDT

My understanding is that prokaryotes have a single DNA ring\strand, while most eukaryotes have essentially multiple DNA molecules contained in a nucleus.

My question is basically "how did this happen". I tried googling "how did chromosomes evolve" and such, but couldn't find an answer.

If I had to guess, I'd say "the DNA probably got so big it broke in two, then it happened again multiple times", but that's just a guess. So I came here to ask those who know.

I imagine having a cell nucleus has something to do with it, but I'm not sure which came first: chromosomes or the nucleus? Did the nucleus evolve to store the broken pieces of DNA, or did nucleus evolve for something else (Guarding own DNA against mtDNA? Idunno), and then DNA had to break down into smaller pieces (just because it could now, or to be able to get out of the nucleus? I admit my grasp on the inner workings of a cell is sketchy, I'm a layman).

submitted by /u/Momoneko
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Are there any known K-Type stars in the Pleiades cluster?

Posted: 26 May 2019 02:03 PM PDT

I'm working on a project that takes place at an orange dwarf star in the Pleiades cluster. The thing is, I'm trying to stay as realistic as possible and want to use a star that is already known, rather than making one up. I've tried searching on Google, using Space Engine's star browser, and others but I didn't find any results. I've tried using the Gaia archive too but I didn't really understand how to use it.

So, has an orange dwarf been discovered in the Pleiades?

submitted by /u/abbey--r0ad
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What impact do chromosomal disorders have on transplant surgeries?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:43 AM PDT

For example, how would an organ transplant work for a person with Down Syndrome? I tried doing research on this but could only find recent case studies so any other sources would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

submitted by /u/alemonator
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What kind of effect does global warming have on volcanoes?

Posted: 26 May 2019 11:27 AM PDT

why is there no volcanism on the western side of the African-Eurasian plate boundary?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:34 PM PDT

How can we guarantee the absence of collisions when hashing files that are larger than the output hash length?

Posted: 26 May 2019 02:01 PM PDT

For example, when hashing an 800 bit (100 byte) file with a hashing algorithm that produces hash values of 512 bits. There are 2800 possible variations of the input file, but only 2512 possible output hash values. How can the one-to-one property of hashing algorithms hold up when hashing each possible variation of the input 100 byte file, let alone files with GB or TB sizes?

submitted by /u/KGamesB
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I'm curious about Jupiter's magnetosphere. Does the Jupiter's magnetic field affect Earth?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:41 PM PDT

Why do we see quark mixing between down, strange, and bottom, but not up, charm, and top?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:19 PM PDT

Is it just convention that we describe the |q| = 1/3 quarks as mixing, and the |q| = 2/3 as static, or is there some reason that we see a difference between the two sets?

submitted by /u/Thug_Mustard
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Is there a theoretical limit to the magnification capabilities of telescopes?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:21 AM PDT

Why are feces all the same relative looking color across different species of animals?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:01 AM PDT

Regardless of feeding behavior it seems that excrements do share a common brown-ish color. I heard it has to do something with blood cells.

submitted by /u/Dedadas45
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Sunday, May 26, 2019

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?


What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

Posted: 26 May 2019 03:28 AM PDT

It seems that every time there is a study posted on reddit with something to the effect of "new study has found that children who are read to by their parents once daily show fewer signs of ADHD." And then the top comment is always something to the effect of "well its probably more likely that parents are more willing to sit down and read to kids who have longer attention spans to do so in the first place."

And then there are those websites that show funny correlations like how a rise in TV sales in a city also came with a rise in deaths, so we should just ban TVs to save lives.

So why are these studies important/relevant?

submitted by /u/hrrm
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Does illness affect the phases of sleep in a person's sleep cycle?

Posted: 25 May 2019 07:32 AM PDT

I know that in Stage 3 of NREM sleep, the body works to physically restore itself by releasing HGH, etc., and I know that the longer someone sleeps for, the amount of time spent in the NREM phases decreases and the amount of time in the REM phase increases.

I am wondering if someone who is seriously ill (or recovering from a serious illness) might experience an alteration of the regular sleep cycle--namely, would they be spending more time in Stage 3 in order to "repair"? Or would their sleep phases occur as they would for any healthy person?

Edited to add: As this post gains attention I felt I should say that it's generally understood/has been experienced that illness results in poor sleep. Mainly I'm looking for information about how the individual stages of sleep may be affected by illness and in particular if periods of NREM 3 might be extended for longer than they normally would be. Thank you for all of the great answers so far!

submitted by /u/YoungRL
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Is there a measurement scale for stickiness?

Posted: 25 May 2019 04:06 PM PDT

Can simple invertebrates like snails feel pain? How can we know for sure either way?

Posted: 25 May 2019 03:22 PM PDT

Why do high energy particles like Gamma Rays or Cosmic Rays damage our DNA? How exactly do they damage it?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:42 PM PDT

What makes these particles more harmful than say infrared light?

submitted by /u/theinquisitor7777
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What was the cost of producing plastic back in the 1950's?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:45 AM PDT

Why do some digital clocks lose or gain time? My coffee maker has to be readjusted every couple months to fix the time. Used to have a car that would gain a few minutes each month.

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:07 AM PDT

How do certain foods and drinks increase or decrease blood pressure?

Posted: 26 May 2019 06:53 AM PDT

When I google I only get lists of foods which are purported to raise or lower blood pressure, but no explanation of the mechanisms.

submitted by /u/EndOnAnyRoll
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What impact does living in the tropics that are dry, dusty, and windy have on our lungs? Specifically, in terms of high density of particles in the air. Thanks in advance.

Posted: 26 May 2019 06:06 AM PDT

Organ donation: is there a "shelf" life of how long an organ could "live"?

Posted: 25 May 2019 03:23 PM PDT

I might have titled the post poorly but my curiosity is on one question: theoretically, is it possible for an organ to "live" forever if it keeps being donated and transplanted? For example, a donated heart is transplanted to person A who then donated the heart to be transplanted to person B after person A dies. Would the heart be able to live forever?

submitted by /u/alfxy
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After seeing several high definition photos of moons and planets, there is a large amount of visible craters. If the earth was devoid of all life, would earth's surface show just as many craters?

Posted: 26 May 2019 01:51 AM PDT

On a cellular level, what causes us to grow and age?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:29 AM PDT

is there any evidence of two stars colliding?

Posted: 25 May 2019 11:49 PM PDT

How does game theory/environmental stable strategies lead to mix strategy behaviors being optimal ?

Posted: 25 May 2019 07:54 PM PDT

I understand the difference between tactics in strategies in terms of reproductive success for each type of behavior, but I am failing to understand why in some ( I'm not sure if it is all) the optimal outcome for the group is to have mixed strategies. Can some please explain to me how that is possible? (If I am wrong anywhere any corrections would be great)

submitted by /u/TM06-Toplanner
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Would the atoms change weight on different planets/Stars?

Posted: 25 May 2019 11:38 PM PDT

I remember that the different gravities create different weights so would it be the same with atoms?

submitted by /u/lawer12346
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How does the composition of milk change when it turns sour?

Posted: 25 May 2019 10:01 AM PDT

When a positive event occurs at the same time as a negative event, what determines whether a positive association or a negative association is built?

Posted: 25 May 2019 10:39 AM PDT

I came across this question as I'm planning for a move and trying to get my cat used to the carrier as I'll be driving for multiple hours a day. I've been putting his favorite blanket in the carrier, feeding him treats when he goes in, and petting him as he goes in to create a positive association with the carrier.

This got me thinking, what determines that a positive association will be built to the carrier from all those techniques and not a negative association to all of those techniques from the carrier? Another example would be treats after medicine: does the cat create a positive association to the medicine from the treats or a negative association to the treats from the medicine? Also, how does this apply to humans?

submitted by /u/Benvoliolio
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During fission/chain reactions, how do atoms absorb neutrons??

Posted: 25 May 2019 09:04 AM PDT

How do neutrons "Go past" the electron cloud and into the main nucleus itself?

submitted by /u/J-100
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Why is pi irrational when it can be formed by using an infinite series of fractions?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:16 AM PDT

Does the distance of electron orbitals from the nucleus change as more nucleons are added?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:57 PM PDT

Will a vacuum on the bottom of the ocean float?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:53 PM PDT

If you would place a lightweighted box with a vacuum inside on the ocean floor what would happen? Will it stay on the bottom because of the pressure on top of the box or wil it float because the density inside is lower then the water?

submitted by /u/blaze519
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Do I weigh more after I fart?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:38 PM PDT

How do medical scientists gather people/a person for a study?

Posted: 25 May 2019 09:38 AM PDT

Obviously, nobody can be everywhere at once - there might be a person with the exact condition a neurologist is trying to study on the other side of the country, and they have no idea that they're there.

So outside of general practitioners passing on referrals until someone eventually goes "oh hey, this is actually really rare, can I study it more in depth?", how do researchers gather relevant people for a group study/find that one specific person that has that specific combination of traits/conditions?

submitted by /u/Portalboat
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