What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation? | AskScience Blog

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Sunday, May 26, 2019

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?


What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

Posted: 26 May 2019 03:28 AM PDT

It seems that every time there is a study posted on reddit with something to the effect of "new study has found that children who are read to by their parents once daily show fewer signs of ADHD." And then the top comment is always something to the effect of "well its probably more likely that parents are more willing to sit down and read to kids who have longer attention spans to do so in the first place."

And then there are those websites that show funny correlations like how a rise in TV sales in a city also came with a rise in deaths, so we should just ban TVs to save lives.

So why are these studies important/relevant?

submitted by /u/hrrm
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Does illness affect the phases of sleep in a person's sleep cycle?

Posted: 25 May 2019 07:32 AM PDT

I know that in Stage 3 of NREM sleep, the body works to physically restore itself by releasing HGH, etc., and I know that the longer someone sleeps for, the amount of time spent in the NREM phases decreases and the amount of time in the REM phase increases.

I am wondering if someone who is seriously ill (or recovering from a serious illness) might experience an alteration of the regular sleep cycle--namely, would they be spending more time in Stage 3 in order to "repair"? Or would their sleep phases occur as they would for any healthy person?

Edited to add: As this post gains attention I felt I should say that it's generally understood/has been experienced that illness results in poor sleep. Mainly I'm looking for information about how the individual stages of sleep may be affected by illness and in particular if periods of NREM 3 might be extended for longer than they normally would be. Thank you for all of the great answers so far!

submitted by /u/YoungRL
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Is there a measurement scale for stickiness?

Posted: 25 May 2019 04:06 PM PDT

Can simple invertebrates like snails feel pain? How can we know for sure either way?

Posted: 25 May 2019 03:22 PM PDT

Why do high energy particles like Gamma Rays or Cosmic Rays damage our DNA? How exactly do they damage it?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:42 PM PDT

What makes these particles more harmful than say infrared light?

submitted by /u/theinquisitor7777
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What was the cost of producing plastic back in the 1950's?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:45 AM PDT

Why do some digital clocks lose or gain time? My coffee maker has to be readjusted every couple months to fix the time. Used to have a car that would gain a few minutes each month.

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:07 AM PDT

How do certain foods and drinks increase or decrease blood pressure?

Posted: 26 May 2019 06:53 AM PDT

When I google I only get lists of foods which are purported to raise or lower blood pressure, but no explanation of the mechanisms.

submitted by /u/EndOnAnyRoll
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What impact does living in the tropics that are dry, dusty, and windy have on our lungs? Specifically, in terms of high density of particles in the air. Thanks in advance.

Posted: 26 May 2019 06:06 AM PDT

Organ donation: is there a "shelf" life of how long an organ could "live"?

Posted: 25 May 2019 03:23 PM PDT

I might have titled the post poorly but my curiosity is on one question: theoretically, is it possible for an organ to "live" forever if it keeps being donated and transplanted? For example, a donated heart is transplanted to person A who then donated the heart to be transplanted to person B after person A dies. Would the heart be able to live forever?

submitted by /u/alfxy
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After seeing several high definition photos of moons and planets, there is a large amount of visible craters. If the earth was devoid of all life, would earth's surface show just as many craters?

Posted: 26 May 2019 01:51 AM PDT

On a cellular level, what causes us to grow and age?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:29 AM PDT

is there any evidence of two stars colliding?

Posted: 25 May 2019 11:49 PM PDT

How does game theory/environmental stable strategies lead to mix strategy behaviors being optimal ?

Posted: 25 May 2019 07:54 PM PDT

I understand the difference between tactics in strategies in terms of reproductive success for each type of behavior, but I am failing to understand why in some ( I'm not sure if it is all) the optimal outcome for the group is to have mixed strategies. Can some please explain to me how that is possible? (If I am wrong anywhere any corrections would be great)

submitted by /u/TM06-Toplanner
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Would the atoms change weight on different planets/Stars?

Posted: 25 May 2019 11:38 PM PDT

I remember that the different gravities create different weights so would it be the same with atoms?

submitted by /u/lawer12346
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How does the composition of milk change when it turns sour?

Posted: 25 May 2019 10:01 AM PDT

When a positive event occurs at the same time as a negative event, what determines whether a positive association or a negative association is built?

Posted: 25 May 2019 10:39 AM PDT

I came across this question as I'm planning for a move and trying to get my cat used to the carrier as I'll be driving for multiple hours a day. I've been putting his favorite blanket in the carrier, feeding him treats when he goes in, and petting him as he goes in to create a positive association with the carrier.

This got me thinking, what determines that a positive association will be built to the carrier from all those techniques and not a negative association to all of those techniques from the carrier? Another example would be treats after medicine: does the cat create a positive association to the medicine from the treats or a negative association to the treats from the medicine? Also, how does this apply to humans?

submitted by /u/Benvoliolio
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During fission/chain reactions, how do atoms absorb neutrons??

Posted: 25 May 2019 09:04 AM PDT

How do neutrons "Go past" the electron cloud and into the main nucleus itself?

submitted by /u/J-100
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Why is pi irrational when it can be formed by using an infinite series of fractions?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:16 AM PDT

Does the distance of electron orbitals from the nucleus change as more nucleons are added?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:57 PM PDT

Will a vacuum on the bottom of the ocean float?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:53 PM PDT

If you would place a lightweighted box with a vacuum inside on the ocean floor what would happen? Will it stay on the bottom because of the pressure on top of the box or wil it float because the density inside is lower then the water?

submitted by /u/blaze519
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Do I weigh more after I fart?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:38 PM PDT

How do medical scientists gather people/a person for a study?

Posted: 25 May 2019 09:38 AM PDT

Obviously, nobody can be everywhere at once - there might be a person with the exact condition a neurologist is trying to study on the other side of the country, and they have no idea that they're there.

So outside of general practitioners passing on referrals until someone eventually goes "oh hey, this is actually really rare, can I study it more in depth?", how do researchers gather relevant people for a group study/find that one specific person that has that specific combination of traits/conditions?

submitted by /u/Portalboat
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