How does lead cause neurons to degrade? I've heard it "breaks down" the myeline sheath. What's going on at a chemical level? |
- How does lead cause neurons to degrade? I've heard it "breaks down" the myeline sheath. What's going on at a chemical level?
- Do automobiles provide any evolutionary pressure to squirrels or other small animals?
- Could identical twins catch cancer from each other?
- Is it possible for an extinct animal to re-evolve into a near-identical form? If so, how does this differ given different scenarios?
- Do animals avoid their own kind if the animal is rabid?
- Is there any truth to the idea that we're now "too clean" and we are somehow weaker for it?
- Why does an RH+ mother's cells not attack their RH- baby?
- How do sea mammals stay hydrated? Are they adapted to drink sea water?
- How did we get so much water on early earth, if water is so rare on other planets?
- Which moons are destined to crash or escape from their planets?
- What causes recurring pediatric cancers?
- Why do we measure ppm by volume for gases all the time and not by weight like water and soil?
- Is water evaporation below 100 C, a physical state change?
- Are all acids chains of molecules? If not, what does the word “acid” signify as a component of a biochemical process?
- Did WWI impact European genetics at all?
- Why did the diseases brought from Europe had a much higher mortality rate in native Americans than Europeans?
- How do scientists measure cellular dysfunction, like ER and mitochondrial stress?
- Do extracellular matrixes differ in structure between individuals?
- Why have we not seen black holes forming?
- Can animals suffer from mental illness?
- How does Stealth Technology work. Like the one used on the F-22 raptor Jets?
- Do veins reorganize themselves if extracellular matrix gets remodeled?
| Posted: 23 Apr 2022 06:37 AM PDT |
| Do automobiles provide any evolutionary pressure to squirrels or other small animals? Posted: 23 Apr 2022 07:28 AM PDT Its unfortunate but you see them in the streets quite often, especially in well traveled but still somewhat rural areas. Is this the kind of thing that would cause evolutionary pressure on the development of squirrels? [link] [comments] |
| Could identical twins catch cancer from each other? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 03:27 PM PDT I know cancer normally won't infect anyone because the cells are too different. But could a twin be infected if they were in close contact/got a transplant that unknowingly contained cancerous cells? [link] [comments] |
| Posted: 23 Apr 2022 07:21 AM PDT Here's some example scenarios that are easy for my small brain to convey, and may be easier for you to understand and answer (if this ends up being too confusing though, just answer the first question in the title): [link] [comments] |
| Do animals avoid their own kind if the animal is rabid? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 03:55 PM PDT |
| Is there any truth to the idea that we're now "too clean" and we are somehow weaker for it? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:31 PM PDT |
| Why does an RH+ mother's cells not attack their RH- baby? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 04:14 AM PDT |
| How do sea mammals stay hydrated? Are they adapted to drink sea water? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 04:07 PM PDT I recently saw a video of someone pouring bottled water into a manatee's mouth, and that got me thinking, how do sea mammals stay hydrated? Land mammals can't drink sea water, but do sea mammals have some kind of adaptation to like filter out the salt? [link] [comments] |
| How did we get so much water on early earth, if water is so rare on other planets? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 05:33 PM PDT My understanding is that we went through a "prebiotic soup" and a "primordial soup" phase in which molecules were floating around getting ready, and subsequently hooking up to make macromolecules, preceding the advent of life. (Correct me if I'm wrong on this! I just learned it today, really.) If this is the case, then my question is - how did we end up with the water to make the soup to begin with? It seems to me that with the sun being so hot due to the lack of an ozone layer, if water began to form, it would just evaporate, wouldn't it? I'm also wondering how our planet seems to have, perhaps somewhat unusually, developed copious amounts of water when other planets seem to have none. I roughly understand how planets are created - by compressing gases filled with elements…but would that mean that our gas cloud just happened to have significantly more hydrogen? Or is it that our planet's circumstances/context/mixture of elements helped it to either retain, produce, or excite reactions in hydrogen and oxygen more readily? Nobody needs to go through the trouble of answering all of this, by the way…whatever small insights you can offer is very much appreciated! I don't want to be a time sink. [link] [comments] |
| Which moons are destined to crash or escape from their planets? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 05:47 PM PDT Was just reading that Phobos is destined to crash into Mars (in a relatively short time astronomically speaking) and our Mlmoon is getting farther away but will likely never escape Earth's orbit. I am wondering if there are other moon's with destinies beyond orbiting until the end of time, or is this something that is hard to predict with the limited data we have on the outer planet's moons compared to our moon and Phobos? [link] [comments] |
| What causes recurring pediatric cancers? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 07:19 AM PDT I understand that there are proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, but what exactly is causing these cancers to return multiple times? I'm assuming there has to be some mutation on the tumor suppressor genes where it basically will guarantee cancer. Is it like a ticking time bomb where eventually the cancer will arise? And even if beaten, the original mutation will still likely cause cancer to arise again? I understand that there are a lot of environmental causes of cancer, but in pediatric patients, considering they haven't had time for these environmental causes to accumulate, it has to be some form of genetic issue(my assumption). I'm also assuming that this is probably not inherited, as even then, the chances of getting a hereditary cancer by the time you're 18 is still astronomically low. Are these people, for lack of a better word, doomed if they have these mutations? Will they be able to be cancer free for any significant amount of time? [link] [comments] |
| Why do we measure ppm by volume for gases all the time and not by weight like water and soil? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 03:58 AM PDT |
| Is water evaporation below 100 C, a physical state change? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 04:51 AM PDT I've seen conflicting information on this subject. The consensus is that at any energy level, liquid water has enough statistical energy that some non-zero number of its molecules are able to "escape" whether that's escape molecular bonds or gravity, I'm not totally sure. Usually low temperature escaped water molecules are called water vapour and boiling escaped water is call steam (is there a difference?), although colloquially we also call the water vapour in a hot shower, steam. Do all substances have "evaporation points"? Is that a physical change? What's the difference between boiling and evaporation from a chemical point of view? [link] [comments] |
| Posted: 22 Apr 2022 05:12 PM PDT ANSWERED: Thank you everyone! I hope my question isn't too confusing! I come across the term "acid" quite often when I study neuroscience & nutrition, and I realized that it seems to often refer to chains of molecules. For example, there's nucleotides, and then nucleic acid which (if I understand it correctly) composes the molecular strands for RNA and DNA. Also, there are "fatty acids", which are chains that can, I think, come in 1-3 "chains" put together, kind of like RNA and DNA. Does the word "acid" always denote a molecular chain? If not, what qualifies something as an acid, in the context of a thing being one part of a larger chemical process? (Ie: acetylcholine > acetic acid) [link] [comments] |
| Did WWI impact European genetics at all? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:11 AM PDT I've got enough of a grasp on biology to understand that if there were genetic changes driven by the war it would most likely be isolated to the Y chromosome, or perhaps in recessive genes on other chromosomes if the expressed/heterozygous allele/genotype had some effect adverse to survival in a warzone, but that would only last a generation or two, right?† Maybe this is more of an r/askhistorians question, but I'm trying here first since I never get my questions answered over there. I would like to know if there is any precedent for war as a selective pressure, or if even our worst wars have fallen below the threshold necessary for that. ETA: To be clear, I am not asking about ethnic cleansing, pogroms, or genocides as bottleneck events; my interest is in humans becoming more fit for modern warfare by a mechanism of selective pressure of same. † Though, it seems plausible that a second world war fought by the subsequent generation could have served to further prune out those alleles if not lock in the remaining dominant ones as part of a new haplotype. Thanks in advance.
[link] [comments] |
| Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT I know what the simple answer is: native Americas did not have those diseases previously, so they did not have immunity to them, and therefore a high percentage died when encountering the diseases for the first time. However I do not understand exactly why and this results in higher mortality. When people are born, I would assume that regardless of being native American or European, they do not have immunity to any (or at least most) infectious diseases. When they start getting infected with diseases, they either die or develop immunity. Those who catch a lot of diseases and survive them all will be less likely to die of those diseases in the future since they have immunity. Therefore, European adults who were exposed to a lot of European diseases in the past will be less likely to die from them than native American adults who were not. This is the part I don't understand: when a person catches a disease for the first time, whether European or American, they will have the same likelihood of dying (assuming that they do not have immunity or any genetic protection against the disease). Therefore, the only difference between Europeans and Americans should be that Europeans died from the diseases as young children (when they were first exposed), while Americans died of them as adults (when they were first exposed). Therefore, the native Americas that died of the diseases as adults would have died of them anyway as children if the diseases were present in the Americas to begin with (or if they were born in Europe). Why did native Americans experience an overall higher mortality from these diseases then? I feel like there is a very simple explanation that I just don't see for some reason. Also, I read numbers as high as 90% of native Americans dying of diseases. Why is this number so much higher than European children dying of the same diseases? [link] [comments] |
| How do scientists measure cellular dysfunction, like ER and mitochondrial stress? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 05:58 PM PDT |
| Do extracellular matrixes differ in structure between individuals? Posted: 22 Apr 2022 12:49 AM PDT |
| Why have we not seen black holes forming? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:43 AM PDT I was able to find theories stating how we think black holes form (mass/density) but I can't find any videos or articles where we've actually seen black holes being created. We can see very far back in time as we look out into space so shouldn't we be seeing black holes beginning to form, in every direction? Why can we only detect them after they are completed? [link] [comments] |
| Can animals suffer from mental illness? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:12 AM PDT Can animals suffer from mental illness? Are there named mental illnesses in animals? Could a pet suffer a psychotic break? [link] [comments] |
| How does Stealth Technology work. Like the one used on the F-22 raptor Jets? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:36 PM PDT |
| Do veins reorganize themselves if extracellular matrix gets remodeled? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:14 AM PDT |
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