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Friday, April 8, 2022

Is there an electronic component that can change its resistance based on the current that flowed trough it? A bit like air ionization just more permanently.

Is there an electronic component that can change its resistance based on the current that flowed trough it? A bit like air ionization just more permanently.


Is there an electronic component that can change its resistance based on the current that flowed trough it? A bit like air ionization just more permanently.

Posted: 08 Apr 2022 07:46 AM PDT

Basically satisfying the following equation: R(q) = C * sum(q) where R is the resistance, C is an arbitrary constant and q is the charge that traveled trough the device with a negative and a positive direction.

submitted by /u/Biiti
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Are amputees affected in the hematopoietic process? If so, does the body develop a way to compensate?

Posted: 08 Apr 2022 06:55 AM PDT

If an individual has 1 or more long bones amputated, is the body put under stress directly in effect of loosing a percentage of the site of blood cell production?

Would they be deficient in blood cells, or would the rate of hematopoiesis increase in the remaining bone marrow in order to compensate?

submitted by /u/parkeddingobrains
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Are there any examples of species that have gone extinct and then much later come back into existence via a totally different evolutionary route?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 06:24 PM PDT

If humans went extinct, could we come back in a billion years in our exact current form?

submitted by /u/WartimeHotTot
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Why are different wavelengths of light refracted by different amounts?

Posted: 08 Apr 2022 12:29 PM PDT

Prisms are able to split light based on their wavelength, so what exactly causes the different wavelengths to be split?

submitted by /u/Morritweet
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Did surgeons try general anesthesia in real patients or volunteers before it was considered a safe procedure? What was the process of turning it into a general practice?

Posted: 08 Apr 2022 11:23 AM PDT

Do animals experience pareidolia?

Posted: 08 Apr 2022 08:08 AM PDT

Can serum sickness be caused by the injected antibodies?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 03:37 PM PDT

Maybe a dumb question. Serum sickness as I've seen it defined is due to an immune response against some proteins within an antiserum. Is it possible for an injected foreign antibody to itself be recognized as an antigen?

submitted by /u/Ouraclaude
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Evidence of natural disasters?

Posted: 08 Apr 2022 05:45 AM PDT

Science people How do people know about natural disasters in the past, such as tsunamis a 100,000 years ago?

submitted by /u/rots66
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What exactly is airplane turbulence? Is it a cause for concern or just an uncomfortable ride?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT

Do insects perceive time differently than us humans since their reaction time and reflexes seem far superior than our brain can process?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:19 AM PDT

Why do earth worms migrate to hard surfaces on rainy days?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 02:26 AM PDT

I heard they avoid drowning but now they die by drying out when the sun comes up.

submitted by /u/Nature-prevails
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Thursday, April 7, 2022

Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same?

Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same?


Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 08:41 AM PDT

Just visited Santa Fe and was curious

submitted by /u/jjmac
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In Transfusion science, why do some blood group systems produce predominantly IgM antibodies while others produce IgG?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 08:17 AM PDT

So the likes of ABO and M/N produce IgM, while Duffy, Rh and Kidd produce IgG. What determines what isotype is produced by each group?

submitted by /u/user280102
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Do other animal species raise young at different ages like humans do?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 11:54 PM PDT

I know it is very common for animals to have litters or many offspring at once and us humans have kids one at a time. So we could have a preteen and a toddler, which are at very different stages of development. I was curious if any other species also raise their offspring at different stages of development?

submitted by /u/Mrosewater
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Do all animals produce endorphons and dopamine and if so what about insects and bacteria?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 04:30 PM PDT

I was wondering why would a living organism keep living if it cant feel pleasure?

submitted by /u/1ornone1
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Ommatidium in insects are 10 micrometers in width in certain species but also 30 micrometers or more in others. What benefits do larger ommatidium bring?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 06:03 AM PDT

Is photosynthesis in plants affected by electric/magnetic fields?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 04:17 AM PDT

Photosynthesis involves the movement of many charges including H+ ions (protons) and electrons which can be easily influenced by electric and magnetic fields. Their pathways are often manipulated by the cell to produce ATP from ADP, reduce NAD+ to NADHH+, etc. If a plant is placed in the presence of such a field, what is the effect on it's photosynthetic process, if any? If there isn't any effect, why?

submitted by /u/A_Yawn
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where do B lymphocytes get their antigen receptors?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 08:10 PM PDT

I'm a pre-PA student.

As I understand it B lymphocytes develop with their antigen receptors, and when they encounter their antigen they become activated.

How are they born with the right receptors? How can your body predict what antigens it will encounter?

submitted by /u/pm_me_arthropods
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Why are some drugs’ MOA ‘unknown’ or ‘uncertain’?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:04 AM PDT

if target identification and validation are done prior to or simultaneously with API or lead identification, shouldn't the MOA be certain? or is it being unknown only for indications the drug wasn't designed for in the first place and was just discovered eventually (thru trials/PMS)?

submitted by /u/HairyOpportunity9937
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What is the incubation period for the omicron ba.2 variant?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 03:56 AM PDT

Why does adding milk allow cheese and butter to mix?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:39 AM PDT

If i try and make a sauce using butter and cheese it won't really mix and will just settle back into little clumps of cheese in butter eventually, but adding just a tiny amount of milk allows the cheese and butter to actually mix.

Have noticed this with other oily type things and sauces too.

submitted by /u/JerkItToJesus
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Why do physical objects squeak or produce sounds when rubbing against each other? Is it friction or something with the molecules?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 12:20 PM PDT

What tests could a hospital use to determine the presence of absence of Kleinfelter Syndrome and related conditions?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 04:11 PM PDT

Edit: The title should be "presence OR absence," not "presence OF absence."

Suppose a hospital receives a human patient with severe injuries around the waist level, a missing pelvis, and missing legs. Genital examination is impossible. There is a dispute about whether the chromosomes of this patient are XY, XXY, XYY, or some other configuration. What tests would the hospital require to resolve the question? Would blood samples be the most convenient tissue sample, or would some other tissue sample be more convenient?

submitted by /u/postgygaxian
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How does tar from smoking get out of your lungs?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 04:52 PM PDT

I've quit smoking. For the first while, my nose was runny for like a month. I think that was because my cilia came back to life. However, now…usually once a day…usually in the morning, I seem to be blowing my nose and black/brownish phlegm comes out. Is that tar? I thought it would come up from coughing.

submitted by /u/Vancity-2020
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How can nuclear reactors control the exponential cascade of neutrons fast enough to prevent an explosion?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 04:15 AM PDT

The Wiki article on nuclear reactor physics states that

the average neutron lifetime in a typical core is on the order of a millisecond, the exponential factor is as small as 0.01, in one second the reactor power will vary by a factor of (1 + 0.01)1000, or more than ten thousand.

These are called prompt neutrons. It also states that

so-called delayed neutrons (typically <1% of created neurons) increase the effective average lifetime of neutrons in the core, to nearly 0.1 seconds, so that a core with average neutron lifetime of 0.01 would increase in one second by only a factor of (1 + 0.01)10, or about 1.1: a 10% increase. This is a controllable rate of change.

Most nuclear reactors are hence operated in a prompt subcritical, delayed critical condition: the prompt neutrons alone are not sufficient to sustain a chain reaction, but the delayed neutrons make up the small difference required to keep the reaction going. This has effects on how reactors are controlled: when a small amount of control rod is slid into or out of the reactor core, the power level changes at first very rapidly due to prompt subcritical multiplication and then more gradually, following the exponential growth or decay curve of the delayed critical reaction.

This still seems to imply that a very fast control loop is needed since not acting on a criticality increase within a few seconds still leads to an exponential increase, after about 100 seconds it would again be a factor of 10000. So how fast does the feedback have to be and how is it applied? Only through the control rods, moving a few millimeters?

How is it even possible to measure the state of the core so quickly?

How much does the reactor's power vary around the steady state, where one neutron causes exactly one other neutron to be absorbed? Does it look like a cycle? Does the output power vary by a magnitude or less?

submitted by /u/CanonicalSpice69
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Wednesday, April 6, 2022

Do glasses improve vision over time or will vision deteriorate over time?

Do glasses improve vision over time or will vision deteriorate over time?


Do glasses improve vision over time or will vision deteriorate over time?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:53 AM PDT

What are Parrots trying to achieve by mimicking sounds they hear?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:08 AM PDT

Don't know how much Animal Behaviour fits this subreddit, but I think it is a scientific question nonetheless.

I like watching videos of domestic parrots making dozens of different sounds, and sometimes it's hard to think they're being made at random. When a parrot mimics a sound, what are they trying to achieve?

Are they trying to convey different things with different sounds? Are they learning what responses each sound they make may elicit in other individuals? Are they simply being playful, and enjoy reproducing some sounds they hear when stimulated?

submitted by /u/bieux
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Will there ever be a point in time on Earth when we won't be able to look at the entirety of the geologic record?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 01:06 PM PDT

Another phrasing: will there ever be a point in time where the beginnings of the geologic record will be wiped away by geologic forces?

submitted by /u/driveme2firenze
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In countries where wild poliovirus had been recently eradicated, weakened poliovirus oral vaccines have caused new vaccine derived outbreaks. Why were attenuated, subunit, mRNA,recombinant or other safer vaccine technologies not used for curb polio spread?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 05:18 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:00 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How dense is the surface of Sun? Is it more like liquid or gas? How would it looks like from a perspective of someone who landed on Sun (if we assume that he is resistant to the radiation and high temperature)?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 10:15 AM PDT

Are there any bacteria that digest methane and produce fragrances?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 11:28 PM PDT

So I'm pretty aware of bacteria that digests methane and produce biofuels, but I would have to imagine that if it was possible to culture a bacteria that can produce non-carcinogenic fragrances as a byproduct, it would effectively be self-feeding if it was placed in a frequently used bathroom.

My question thus, is do they exist?

submitted by /u/MechCADdie
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How come covid vaccines that are variant specific need to go under all 3 phases of a vaccine development again instead of being like the flu shot where they just update it and slap it on?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 04:11 PM PDT

Moderna is now in phase 2 of their omicron booster shot.

https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/moderna-omicron-specific-booster/

No word on Pfizer. But why the wait? Why not just submit for an EUA right away? Is the vaccine that different that it would need much data to support it? Will this be the process for every variant of concern that comes out? Cause if so, it's gonna be unsustainable.

submitted by /u/Inferno221
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Does the length of sleep affect the perceived length of dreams?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT

Time in dreams is a bit scooty, but I'm sure it's a pretty common experience that we sometimes have dreams which seem to go on for much longer than others.

Is this at all related to the amount of time we're asleep? Can we have dreams which feel like they're longer than the time we actually slept for?

submitted by /u/OathToAwesome
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How do you determine the age of living plants that aren’t trees?

Posted: 04 Apr 2022 08:30 PM PDT

We recently visited Namibia , where the Welwitschia grows. Supposedly to ages of >2000 years. How would they establish this for a living example? It doesn't have a stem where you could count rings.

submitted by /u/NuevoLucha
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What equipment and software would be needed to map topography?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 11:41 AM PDT

How could you map out the microtopography of test sites in wetlands as the hummocks and hollows relate to vegetation growth.

I have zero background in surveying, ground mapping, etc. Some sites would have heavy vegetation and some sites may be inundated by water at times throughout the field season.

Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/creepinKitteh
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Is it possible to distinguish forged steel from rolled steel by microstructure?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 02:12 PM PDT

What is your opinion on how this steel was produced according to the microstructure? It seems to me that this is more like forging than rolling, do you agree?

Steel microstructure https://imgur.com/gallery/teViOVg

submitted by /u/KventinDorward
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Why does hypotension cause nausea?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 12:09 PM PDT

I was wondering what is the mechanism in which low blood pressure causes nausea? Is it a physiologically relevant mechanism or just a byproduct?

submitted by /u/gajosfajos
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How are bacteria-derived products produced at scale?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 11:08 AM PDT

There are a lot of products, (probiotic supplements, drain cleaners, powder agricultural soil amendments), that describe the number of Colony Forming Units they contain. But how are these mass produced?
I'm guessing it's basically what you'd see in a brewery: Vat of medium, inoculate with a sample of bacteria, hold at ideal growth conditions for however long, meter out the resulting product and distill/dry/whatever.
I guess the big difference would be that a brewery is focused on the product of the yeast's growth and can let the environment run away past the point of sustaining the culture, rather than focus on sustained growth of the cells.

Is that way off the mark? Overly reductive? Or missing some common intermediary processes?

submitted by /u/riboslavin
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In a cosmic year (the sun orbiting the Milky Way once) about how much variation would the solar system experience from outside forces?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 10:06 AM PDT

Essentially I'm wondering if there would be a noticeable difference between different parts of a cosmic year, caused by proximity to other stars or some other factor. Is it relatively stable, in that an observer on earth would notice little to no change, or is it more significant?

submitted by /u/ajtallone
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If you break your bones to a point you need metal rods and bolts, after the bone heals do the metal implants make your bones more sturdy & less susceptible to breakage?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 02:05 AM PDT

What senses do ants use to find food?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 12:27 PM PDT

If there's, say, a pastry sealed in a plastic bag, can they sense the food in the plastic bag and chew through the plastic? I'm curious but also I do have ants in my kitchen please help :)

submitted by /u/rroowwannn
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Is there a consensus on how prescription amphetamines impacts the brain in the long term?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 12:13 AM PDT

Is there good research on the long-term neurological and behavioural effects of amphetamines? I'm curious about how neurotoxic medications like dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, and amphetamine are? How do they compare to other central nervous stimulants like methylphenidate?

submitted by /u/SilverBackBonobo
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Does the day appear brighter in the tropics than in the higher latitudes?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT

Since the amount of light per unit area decreases as you go towards the poles, and the thickness of the atmosphere that sunlight has to pass through increases because the light is coming at an angle, does the day appear to be brighter near the equator than it is near the poles?

I only have anecdotal experience when I have travelled in June (went south by about 15 degrees of latitude). The day appeared somewhat brighter down south, although that could have been because there were more bright surfaces reflecting light. But this got me thinking about insolation and angles of incidence and it would make sense that a clear day in the tropics when the sun is directly overhead would "look brighter" than a clear day in summer in a place like Belgium, which would also look brighter than a clear winter day somewhere like Sweden. I've also noticed that the days appear brighter now in April than they did in January, and I figured it has to do with the angle of insolation.

submitted by /u/nikolakis7
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How does water move through a plant without a xylem (vascular tissue)?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 06:42 AM PDT

Why do you need to use Western blotting to confirm the presence of NANOG in samples vs just relying on gel electrophoresis of the RT-PCR products?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 07:33 PM PDT

We had to do it in one of my labs for class, and I just don't really get why it's necessary to use western blotting for this. Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/boo__you__whore
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What animals sweat, or have an equivalent function, and how do they do it?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 09:41 AM PDT

This might sound stupid

submitted by /u/ryraps5892
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What's the reason for the tamarind to close its leaflets for the night?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 01:37 AM PDT

Monday, April 4, 2022

If i have a human fingerprint of just the index finger ,can an ai generate the rest of the palm's prints if the AI is trained with a huge dataset of human palms and will it be accurate?

If i have a human fingerprint of just the index finger ,can an ai generate the rest of the palm's prints if the AI is trained with a huge dataset of human palms and will it be accurate?


If i have a human fingerprint of just the index finger ,can an ai generate the rest of the palm's prints if the AI is trained with a huge dataset of human palms and will it be accurate?

Posted: 04 Apr 2022 09:02 AM PDT

Why is oxygen paramagnetic while iron is ferromagnetic?

Posted: 04 Apr 2022 01:30 AM PDT

Ogygen and iron atoms both have unpaired electrons. Why can these unpaired electrons keep existing in iron (making it magnetic) while they can't do this in oxygen?

submitted by /u/CreeepyNL
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How do we know the Milky Way galaxy is the brightest in the Laniakea Supercluster? How is it the brightest?

Posted: 04 Apr 2022 12:40 AM PDT

Of the 100,000 to 150,000 galaxies estimated to inhabit the Laniakea Supercluster, how can we be certain that our galaxy is the brightest of them all? How is it the brightest?

submitted by /u/existenceismine
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Are there any indications by which we can determine whether a genetic modification is possible or realistic that (e.g.) could enable electric eels to consume plastic and produce currents at higher efficiency to feed a city? Is this predictable with the laws of physics other than the genetic code?

Posted: 03 Apr 2022 10:18 PM PDT

How does a gluten sensor work?

Posted: 03 Apr 2022 12:45 PM PDT

What really happens when lightning strikes stone?

Posted: 03 Apr 2022 10:02 AM PDT

I've been getting a lot of mixed reports about this issue. In one story, lightning struck a brick house and "shattered" it. In another, a stone statue of Venus de Milo was struck by lightning and the top half blew to pieces. But from what I've heard, stone isn't supposed to be a conductor. When electricity passes through something, it's because it's trying to reach something larger (the ground), right? And since the ground is mostly made of stone, the electricity disperses through it and just kind of... vanishes? That's the confusing part, and it doesn't match up with the whole "stone-shattering" effect it supposedly has.

submitted by /u/Dachimotsu
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