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Sunday, July 4, 2021

What major environment impact differences are caused by a “typical” oil spill vs one that sets on fire?

What major environment impact differences are caused by a “typical” oil spill vs one that sets on fire?

What major environment impact differences are caused by a “typical” oil spill vs one that sets on fire?

Posted: 03 Jul 2021 03:20 PM PDT

Most people have seen the video of the Pemex oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which is spewing flaming oil into the ocean. My first thought after that it looks like CGI from a disaster movie was that maybe it being on fire could be good since the crude oil is burning and won't just sit in the ocean damaging wildlife. Of course the burned oil byproducts are not good for the environment either and the extra heat I'm sure is bad too.

Basically as the title states if you're going to have a massive oil spill what are the relative environmental impact differences of it igniting vs just spewing crude oil into the ocean?

Edit: People have pointed out in the comments that this was a natural gas leak, not oil.

submitted by /u/HMHype
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Are "pressure points" in the body real or handwavey pseudoscience? If they are real, what do they do and how do they work?

Posted: 04 Jul 2021 05:20 AM PDT

How is there a fire in the Gulf of Mexico? And what method are they using to put it out?

Posted: 03 Jul 2021 11:39 AM PDT

I have been looking at videos of the fire for awhile now. And I am just really not understanding how it's possible. I understand that there is a large fuel leak, but how would ignition even occur accidentally in the ocean?

And then we see boats spraying more water on top. What are they trying to accomplish?

submitted by /u/Stego111
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Does temperature affect sound?

Posted: 03 Jul 2021 08:28 PM PDT

So heat makes molecules speed up and move around faster, and (I believe) sound waves are made by particles vibrating. So wouldn't molecules moving have an effect on their vibration? Or do I just understand these events incorrectly?

submitted by /u/ig_edgy_memes
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Could we use CTVT cells to clone the dog it originated from?

Posted: 04 Jul 2021 06:26 AM PDT

What benefit does it bring to know a number is “digitally delicate prime”?

Posted: 04 Jul 2021 05:26 AM PDT

I read an article that Michael Filaseta, of the University of South Carolina has helped proving the existence of "widely digitally delicate prime numbers", even though they don't have an example for such a number yet.

First, I thought, it would be great to have such numbers since you can then ignore an infinite amount of numbers when checking for prime numbers. However, I realized to know if a number is a "widely digitally delicate prime number" you actually have to check all potential numbers…

So, what is the benefit of knowing a prime is "digitally delicate" or even "widely digitally delicate"? Are there algorithms which help to determine if a number is digitally delicate or widely digitally delicate, without having to check all potential numbers, and thus bringing a huge performance boost when searching for large prime numbers? Or is it just fun to know that such numbers exist and there is no real use to it?

submitted by /u/Nteriasphink
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How bad for the environment are large fireworks shows?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 10:46 PM PDT

Earlier today, news on the gulf of mexico is literally on fire due to ruptured pipeline. How does the fire stay lit under the sea?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 10:34 PM PDT

Harmful phages: do they exist?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 08:40 PM PDT

I do know that they don't attack human cells and they specialize in bacteria, but then I realized: there are good bacterias.(probiotics) Is there such a thing as an harmful phage that harms us indirectly by specializing in Lactobacillus, or Bifidobacteria, (insert the entire list of good bacteria types)? If there is, could they be deadly?

submitted by /u/Admirable_Ad9506
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What happens when an ovum is fertilized but is not implanted in the uterus immediately? How long can it survive?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 09:29 PM PDT

If it is implanted, can it survive endometrium shedding due to hormone imbalance?

submitted by /u/Inevitable_Wonderful
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Soap vs. Detergent - differences and similarities; benefits and drawbacks?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 06:15 PM PDT

What is the terminal velocity of a raindrop falling from a cloud?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 10:42 AM PDT

Why does Florida’s panhandle get more rain than central and south Florida?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 10:18 PM PDT

Notably, what causes it to regularly rain over the full year in the panhandle as opposed to central Florida that rains primarily only during summer time.

submitted by /u/Sherlock-Holmie
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Saturday, July 3, 2021

Why do men have higher fasting blood glucose levels than women on average?

Why do men have higher fasting blood glucose levels than women on average?

Why do men have higher fasting blood glucose levels than women on average?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 04:24 PM PDT

Does Global Warming Make Ocean Less Salty?

Posted: 03 Jul 2021 04:08 AM PDT

I mean, with the huge amount of ice melt, it mean amount of water on the sea increase by a lot while amount of salt on the sea stay the same. That should resulted in ocean get less salty than it used to be, right? and if it does, how does it affect our environment in long run?

submitted by /u/wewhomustnotbenamed
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What gives water it's high heat capacity?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 09:26 PM PDT

What gives water it's high heat capacity? I am aware that the hydrogen bonds between water molecules require large amounts of energy to break but it does not make sense to me why the molar and specific heat capacities of water are so high when covalent bonds in other materials are stronger and should require more energy to break.

submitted by /u/Extreme_Dance_2114
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Are capsaicin analogues like olvanil, arvanil or phenylacetylrinvanil also spicy in taste?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 01:53 PM PDT

What is the difference in immunity passed to babies by cord blood vs breast milk?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 12:09 PM PDT

Why are gases compressible, but liquids aren’t?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 08:03 PM PDT

How do extended release medicines work?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 08:42 AM PDT

How sporadic would encounters with dinosaurs be if we were to wander around in the Mesozoic Era?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 05:43 AM PDT

Are we already certain that organic compounds and water is out there in the universe?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 10:32 AM PDT

I recently read some news about a comet that passed by Earth around 3 years ago. The article said the comet contained water and organic compounds, such as methanol.

In my head, organic compounds and, mainly, water, weren't things we would see in space and not be amazed. I thought the presence of such materials in outer space would be astounding and revolutionary.

If there ARE organic compounds and water out there, then it's extremely likely there's also life. Isn't it?

Edit: the comet I read about is 46P/Wirtanen. It passed near Earth in 2018.

submitted by /u/GrandVizier_Zaphnath
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How did people measure average global temperature in the 1800s? How do we measure it today?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 06:32 AM PDT

Measuring the actual temperature of the earth seems like a massive feat and it looks like we've been measuring that since the 19th century. This site says that it's done by dividing the earth into 2,592 squares and measuring the temperature of each and every one, every day.

This definitely sounds possible today with modern technology, and there might be even easier ways to do that with satellites, but I have a hard time imagining how a 19th century industrial world without radio communications would be able to execute this to the same level of precision. Are temperatures from the 19th century and early 20th century taken with a grain of salt from the climate science community, or did they really manage to accurately pull this feat off?

I'm also not sure how they do this today so that would be cool to know too.

Edit: I just realized that they could also record temperatures from the 19th century retroactively. How is that done, and can they collect enough to data from this to get an accurate measurement?

submitted by /u/M00NKIP
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Why do we think dark matter interacts with the weak force?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 03:53 PM PDT

Can one be allergic to milk without being allergic to casein?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 09:01 AM PDT

Or do they go hand in hand? I saw an article about a new way to make cheese that will hit in 2023 using casein made by inserting DNA sequences into microbes. If it's possible to be allergic to milk without being allergic to casein, would this be an incredible breakthrough or is anyone allergic to milk still going to be unable to try or enjoy this?

submitted by /u/toxikola
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How is earth's relative rotation position determined?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 04:21 PM PDT

The earth's rotation duration isn't constant but rather fluctuate ever so slightly, but... based on what? If location is relative, then where are we basing our rotation complete marker at? Kinda like how a solar day and a sidereal day differs, but how to tell, and to the milliseconds at that?

Somewhat related though, how is a new bleeding-edge accurate clock's accuracy determined, if nothing else that we know of is more accurate? How can one says if this new atomic clock only loses a second over a billion or a trillion year? Relatively to what?

submitted by /u/x_m_n
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If a woman is pregnant and has AIDS, when she gives birth then the baby will go through the vagina. Will the baby get AIDS?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 11:27 PM PDT

Why is the charge of a battery non-linearly proportional to the bounce height of the battery?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 02:00 AM PDT

A fully-charged battery hardly bounces when dropped. Where as, a half-charged battery jumps as much as the same as a battery with no charge at all. Why isn't the relation of charge with bounce height linear?

submitted by /u/ThePhysicst_NextDoor
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Does purpose / meaning help one overcome adversity?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 10:23 AM PDT

From many anecdotal accounts, having a purpose / having meaning in life can help one overcome adversity. One example is Viktor Frankl, who explained in his book "Man's Search for Meaning" that having a sense of purpose helped him survive a concentration camp.
Are there any studies showing this?

submitted by /u/wwllol
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Friday, July 2, 2021

Do veins grown in the same pattern in every body or is it unique like fingerprints?

Do veins grown in the same pattern in every body or is it unique like fingerprints?

Do veins grown in the same pattern in every body or is it unique like fingerprints?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 09:48 PM PDT

What happens to oncolytic virus after death of all tumor cells?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 04:02 AM PDT

If first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine takes ~2 weeks to have maximum effect (80%), how long does the second dose take to have its maximum effect?

Posted: 02 Jul 2021 01:30 AM PDT

I couldn't find proper answer on google so I thought posting here might help

submitted by /u/Micuopas
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What is the largest recorded temperature anomaly?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 05:59 PM PDT

With the ongoing heatwave in the NW US and W Canada, I've seen local temperature anomalies (i.e. x degrees above average) in the 20-30C range. I've been looking for context but I can't find any non-climactic temperature anomaly records. Does anyone know what the largest deviations in daily temperature have been...as in high above average high and low below average low?

I'm thinking more along the lines of daily temperature btw, I've seen some things about heat bursts and downslope winds but these are more instantaneous sort of events.

submitted by /u/sciencedthatshit
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Does climate change related atmospheric instability affect Earth's rotation?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 06:44 PM PDT

How does a perfume have distinctive top, middle and base notes?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 06:55 PM PDT

Why has the population of Atlantic Cod not recovered since the end of mass commercial fishing?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 05:04 PM PDT

How does a candle that advertises as a combination of scents still smell like its separate components?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 06:54 PM PDT

For example, if it says vanilla lavender, how do the scent mixers mix these scents together in one product yet they still smell distinctively of two named scents separately?

submitted by /u/nzml89
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What is happening biologically in your body when you go on a roller coaster and you experience that drop in your stomach?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 11:33 AM PDT

Which part of the body is the least sensitive to heat?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT

Can chromosomal crossover happen between X and Y chromosomes?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 08:57 AM PDT
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Thursday, July 1, 2021

How does Hawking's area theorem reconcile with Hawking radiation?

How does Hawking's area theorem reconcile with Hawking radiation?

How does Hawking's area theorem reconcile with Hawking radiation?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 05:39 AM PDT

Hawking's area theorem says that the area of a black hole's event horizon can never decrease, only increase, similarly to entropy. Further, the radius (and hence, the area) of the event horizon is determined by the mass inside the horizon. At the same time, Hawking's theory that quantum effects near the event horizon can cause Hawking radiation implies the black hole can evaporate.

I suspect I'm missing some simple nuance of one or both of the theories that reconciles the two, but if the event horizon can never shrink and the area of the horizon is determined by the hole's mass, then how can black holes evaporate through Hawking radiation?

submitted by /u/thehammer6
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Antibodies can be passed to babies through breast milk – can adults achieve the same effect? Can we make breast milk-based vaccines?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:50 PM PDT

For "breakthrough" Covid cases in fully vaccinated people that are deemed to be "mild" (presumably in terms of symptoms), is there still danger of other hidden internal damage (i.e. heart, lungs, etc)?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:20 AM PDT

[QUESTION] Can an inactivated virus still reassemble with another strain of the same virus to create a mutation?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 12:21 PM PDT

Is it possible for a virus that's inactivated to still mutate when exposed to an actual live virus?

submitted by /u/ApprehensiveWill1
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What are the theoretical minimal and maximal values of pH?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 02:04 PM PDT

I have a rudimentary understanding of pH. I understand that pH below 0 and above 14 are possible, and that pH depends on temperature so quite different values are possible at some extreme temperatures.

Fee free to assume that we could get some substance to absolute zero, or convert all matter in the universe into hydrogen or whatever you like. What are some reasonable bounds on this value? Or have I misunderstood, and they don't exist?

A side question: why is 14 the magic number in the usual run of things? Why exactly does the activity of hydrogen ions tend to bottom out at 1/1014 in most cases?

submitted by /u/l_lecrup
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Why don’t dark matter halos collapse?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 09:42 AM PDT

As far as I'm aware most theories of dark matter say it interacts with normal matter only through gravity and, maybe, the weak nuclear force and/or additional yet-to-be-discovered fundamental forces.

So why don't dark matter haloes collapse into some type of compact object?

Gravity and the weak force don't seem like they would be a barrier since black holes form from normal matter which interacts through both. Wouldn't you absolutely require another fundamental force with repulsive properties?

submitted by /u/downfeatherva
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Of the five major classes of vertebrates, all of them seem to have something analogous to calcified/enameled teeth except birds. Do birds have something analogous in their body? Some kind of vestigial structure?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 07:09 AM PDT

Why was variolation less deadly than a natural smallpox infection?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 11:11 AM PDT

It's the same virus, so why the difference?

submitted by /u/Mositius
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What are the implications of the measured mass differences in the charm meson's quark and antiquark state?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 08:34 AM PDT

A recent paper from CERN using LHC data indicates there is a non zero difference between the mass of the charm meson's matter and antimatter states.

What are the implications of this?

What does this imbalance do to the interactions between the meson's matter and antimatter states?

Does this change the behavior of the very early universe; can this lead to a matter dominated universe-- in the same way that leptogenesis leads to baryogenesis?

This paper feels like a really big deal, I'm dying to hear thoughts on it.

submitted by /u/Drop_Tables_Username
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What is the meson exchange of the nuclear force?

Posted: 01 Jul 2021 10:10 AM PDT

What is the meson exchange of the nuclear force? It's mostly used in relativistic mean field theory. I'm stuck here.

submitted by /u/Odd-Indication-5301
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Metallurgists: Why aren't other noble gasses besides argon and helium used as shielding gas for welding and also why not use abundant inert gasses like nitrogen?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:20 AM PDT

Argon and helium are used and they effect the weld differently and also changes arc behavior. If you can, I'd also like to know why exactly that is. CO2 is used as a reactive shielding gas and the arc behaves quite differently. I tried googling the answers but the answer is drowned out by answers of why shielding gas is used. Is it just cost?

submitted by /u/forestcridder
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Could we develop and discover a way to "Program" A virus in such a way that it targets and kills cancer cells, If so what would be the most likely method for doing so and could this lead to a cure for cancer?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:24 PM PDT

This was a question I asked my teacher back in like 8th grade, She didn't have the answer sadly and Im still curious about it. The basic concept is that we somehow "Program" A Virus which usually kills it's host cells to specifically infect Cancer cells. Sure this may cause some unwanted side effects but would it be possible to get a virus to do such a thing and if that is possible, what's the most likely possibility for "Programming" a virus

submitted by /u/Individual_Drama5083
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What is daily life like for an atom in the sun?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:01 AM PDT

Of course I don't mean 'life' literally. I'm wondering about the quantum state of e.g. a hydrogen atom/nucleus in the sun. Is it constantly changing? What does it mean to be a hydrogen atom in a plasma, is it always gaining and losing electrons? Or is it like a sea of electrons with a bunch of nuclei floating in it, and those nuclei are the same from moment-to-moment?

Of course some atoms are undergoing fusion at any given moment, but most of them are not. What is life like for the atoms that are not being fused?

(I do not know anything about quantum physics).

submitted by /u/aggasalk
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Is the magnus effect enhanced or hindered by roughness?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 05:22 PM PDT

For example, on a baseball I believe. The seams allow for the magnus effect to have a greater effect as they drag more air. However, a smooth golf ball, something I have actually had the privilege of hitting, curves way more than the dimpled balls ever could. So, will a rough surface curve more or less than a smooth one?

submitted by /u/whatamIdoingtomorrow
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How do we know how hot lightning is?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 05:49 PM PDT

I've read that it's five times hotter than the surface of the sun, but how would we measure that?

submitted by /u/only_good_things
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Why is there no red-blue colorblindness?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 04:20 PM PDT

There is the common red-green colorblindness which makes green and red hard to distinguish, and the rare blue-yellow colorblindness which makes blue and green hard to distinguish, why isn't there a red-blue colorblindness that makes red and blue hard to distinguish?

submitted by /u/SuperFrog541
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Is the process of creating antibodies for a new infection deterministic?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 02:15 PM PDT

Hello,

I have read a bit about how the immune system works, and as a layman I understood that the body when finding a foreign pathogen that it never encountered before, will create new antibodies to target it.

From my understanding of this process, the body triggers accelerated mutations of "blank" antibodies, and test them if they bind to the pathogen?

My question being is this process deterministic?

Is it possible say for different people to create slightly different antibodies that work at different efficacy for the same pathogen?

Or take vaccines for example, can some people by pure chance create way better antibodies than the average person? or by bad luck way worse?

Thank you

submitted by /u/AppleTrees2
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Where data from Flight Radar application come from? Is it any global public API which current flights?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:16 AM PDT

How much volcanic ash does a jet engine have to ingest before the engines fail?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 12:45 PM PDT

During volcanic eruptions, large areas of air space are blocked off for civilian jet traffic. Some of this derives from experience with planes flying through volcanic plumes and suffering rapid engine failures afterwards. Cause of failures has been identified as volcanic ash particles melting in the engine heat and coating internal surfaces. How much / how long do jet have to be taking in volcanic ash for this occur? In incidents over Alaska, engine failures were described as "rapid", but no indication of how rapidly. What actually failed in the engines?

submitted by /u/shiningPate
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How well mixed are elements in the sun?

Posted: 30 Jun 2021 12:39 PM PDT

As I understand it, 98% of the sun's mass is H and He. Is the remaining 2% of heavier elements dispersed "evenly"? Are the energies / temperature sufficient to keep everything mixed, or is there settling of heavier elements toward the core? Do cooler stars seperate more?

submitted by /u/PieceOfKnottedString
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