How does Hawking's area theorem reconcile with Hawking radiation? |
- How does Hawking's area theorem reconcile with Hawking radiation?
- Antibodies can be passed to babies through breast milk – can adults achieve the same effect? Can we make breast milk-based vaccines?
- For "breakthrough" Covid cases in fully vaccinated people that are deemed to be "mild" (presumably in terms of symptoms), is there still danger of other hidden internal damage (i.e. heart, lungs, etc)?
- [QUESTION] Can an inactivated virus still reassemble with another strain of the same virus to create a mutation?
- What are the theoretical minimal and maximal values of pH?
- Why don’t dark matter halos collapse?
- Of the five major classes of vertebrates, all of them seem to have something analogous to calcified/enameled teeth except birds. Do birds have something analogous in their body? Some kind of vestigial structure?
- Why was variolation less deadly than a natural smallpox infection?
- What are the implications of the measured mass differences in the charm meson's quark and antiquark state?
- What is the meson exchange of the nuclear force?
- Metallurgists: Why aren't other noble gasses besides argon and helium used as shielding gas for welding and also why not use abundant inert gasses like nitrogen?
- Could we develop and discover a way to "Program" A virus in such a way that it targets and kills cancer cells, If so what would be the most likely method for doing so and could this lead to a cure for cancer?
- What is daily life like for an atom in the sun?
- Is the magnus effect enhanced or hindered by roughness?
- How do we know how hot lightning is?
- Why is there no red-blue colorblindness?
- Is the process of creating antibodies for a new infection deterministic?
- Where data from Flight Radar application come from? Is it any global public API which current flights?
- How much volcanic ash does a jet engine have to ingest before the engines fail?
- How well mixed are elements in the sun?
| How does Hawking's area theorem reconcile with Hawking radiation? Posted: 01 Jul 2021 05:39 AM PDT Hawking's area theorem says that the area of a black hole's event horizon can never decrease, only increase, similarly to entropy. Further, the radius (and hence, the area) of the event horizon is determined by the mass inside the horizon. At the same time, Hawking's theory that quantum effects near the event horizon can cause Hawking radiation implies the black hole can evaporate. I suspect I'm missing some simple nuance of one or both of the theories that reconciles the two, but if the event horizon can never shrink and the area of the horizon is determined by the hole's mass, then how can black holes evaporate through Hawking radiation? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:50 PM PDT |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:20 AM PDT |
| Posted: 01 Jul 2021 12:21 PM PDT Is it possible for a virus that's inactivated to still mutate when exposed to an actual live virus? [link] [comments]  |
| What are the theoretical minimal and maximal values of pH? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 02:04 PM PDT I have a rudimentary understanding of pH. I understand that pH below 0 and above 14 are possible, and that pH depends on temperature so quite different values are possible at some extreme temperatures. Fee free to assume that we could get some substance to absolute zero, or convert all matter in the universe into hydrogen or whatever you like. What are some reasonable bounds on this value? Or have I misunderstood, and they don't exist? A side question: why is 14 the magic number in the usual run of things? Why exactly does the activity of hydrogen ions tend to bottom out at 1/1014 in most cases? [link] [comments]  |
| Why don’t dark matter halos collapse? Posted: 01 Jul 2021 09:42 AM PDT As far as I'm aware most theories of dark matter say it interacts with normal matter only through gravity and, maybe, the weak nuclear force and/or additional yet-to-be-discovered fundamental forces. So why don't dark matter haloes collapse into some type of compact object? Gravity and the weak force don't seem like they would be a barrier since black holes form from normal matter which interacts through both. Wouldn't you absolutely require another fundamental force with repulsive properties? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 01 Jul 2021 07:09 AM PDT |
| Why was variolation less deadly than a natural smallpox infection? Posted: 01 Jul 2021 11:11 AM PDT |
| Posted: 01 Jul 2021 08:34 AM PDT What are the implications of this? What does this imbalance do to the interactions between the meson's matter and antimatter states? Does this change the behavior of the very early universe; can this lead to a matter dominated universe-- in the same way that leptogenesis leads to baryogenesis? This paper feels like a really big deal, I'm dying to hear thoughts on it. [link] [comments]  |
| What is the meson exchange of the nuclear force? Posted: 01 Jul 2021 10:10 AM PDT What is the meson exchange of the nuclear force? It's mostly used in relativistic mean field theory. I'm stuck here. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:20 AM PDT Argon and helium are used and they effect the weld differently and also changes arc behavior. If you can, I'd also like to know why exactly that is. CO2 is used as a reactive shielding gas and the arc behaves quite differently. I tried googling the answers but the answer is drowned out by answers of why shielding gas is used. Is it just cost? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:24 PM PDT This was a question I asked my teacher back in like 8th grade, She didn't have the answer sadly and Im still curious about it. The basic concept is that we somehow "Program" A Virus which usually kills it's host cells to specifically infect Cancer cells. Sure this may cause some unwanted side effects but would it be possible to get a virus to do such a thing and if that is possible, what's the most likely possibility for "Programming" a virus [link] [comments]  |
| What is daily life like for an atom in the sun? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:01 AM PDT Of course I don't mean 'life' literally. I'm wondering about the quantum state of e.g. a hydrogen atom/nucleus in the sun. Is it constantly changing? What does it mean to be a hydrogen atom in a plasma, is it always gaining and losing electrons? Or is it like a sea of electrons with a bunch of nuclei floating in it, and those nuclei are the same from moment-to-moment? Of course some atoms are undergoing fusion at any given moment, but most of them are not. What is life like for the atoms that are not being fused? (I do not know anything about quantum physics). [link] [comments]  |
| Is the magnus effect enhanced or hindered by roughness? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 05:22 PM PDT For example, on a baseball I believe. The seams allow for the magnus effect to have a greater effect as they drag more air. However, a smooth golf ball, something I have actually had the privilege of hitting, curves way more than the dimpled balls ever could. So, will a rough surface curve more or less than a smooth one? [link] [comments]  |
| How do we know how hot lightning is? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 05:49 PM PDT I've read that it's five times hotter than the surface of the sun, but how would we measure that? [link] [comments]  |
| Why is there no red-blue colorblindness? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 04:20 PM PDT There is the common red-green colorblindness which makes green and red hard to distinguish, and the rare blue-yellow colorblindness which makes blue and green hard to distinguish, why isn't there a red-blue colorblindness that makes red and blue hard to distinguish? [link] [comments]  |
| Is the process of creating antibodies for a new infection deterministic? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 02:15 PM PDT Hello, I have read a bit about how the immune system works, and as a layman I understood that the body when finding a foreign pathogen that it never encountered before, will create new antibodies to target it. From my understanding of this process, the body triggers accelerated mutations of "blank" antibodies, and test them if they bind to the pathogen? My question being is this process deterministic? Is it possible say for different people to create slightly different antibodies that work at different efficacy for the same pathogen? Or take vaccines for example, can some people by pure chance create way better antibodies than the average person? or by bad luck way worse? Thank you [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:16 AM PDT |
| How much volcanic ash does a jet engine have to ingest before the engines fail? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 12:45 PM PDT During volcanic eruptions, large areas of air space are blocked off for civilian jet traffic. Some of this derives from experience with planes flying through volcanic plumes and suffering rapid engine failures afterwards. Cause of failures has been identified as volcanic ash particles melting in the engine heat and coating internal surfaces. How much / how long do jet have to be taking in volcanic ash for this occur? In incidents over Alaska, engine failures were described as "rapid", but no indication of how rapidly. What actually failed in the engines? [link] [comments]  |
| How well mixed are elements in the sun? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 12:39 PM PDT As I understand it, 98% of the sun's mass is H and He. Is the remaining 2% of heavier elements dispersed "evenly"? Are the energies / temperature sufficient to keep everything mixed, or is there settling of heavier elements toward the core? Do cooler stars seperate more? [link] [comments]  |
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