What percentage of a human fart is produced by bacteria, and what percentage is actually produced by *you* ?

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• What percentage of a human fart is produced by bacteria, and what percentage is actually produced by *you* ?
• How did humans figure out that the ocean tides had anything to do with the moon?
• What is the meaning and scope of yesterday's (20/01) notice by the WHO about the reliability of PCR COVID-19 tests?
• Is it rare that planet earth has such a wide variety of elements in its crust and atmosphere?
• How do supercomputers work with many CPU's and GPU's?
• Are there any cases of animals caring for disabled offspring?
• What is the science behind blacklights (color, visible spectrum, chemical makeup, etc.)?
• Prevent sea level rise by removing boats?
• Are there non-von Neumann computers? If not, why did the architecture need a name? It's not as though there's a dearth of things named after von Neumann.
• What would happen if we installed artificial poles on the moon to protect astronauts from solar flares?
• Fur is believed to have evolved at least 200 million years ago, before the divergence of monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. Why are depictions of mammalian ancestors so often shown without fur?
• How does the immune system not clear cells carrying the mRNA vaccine?
• How can both [Cu(H2O)4]2+ and [Cu(H2O)6]2+ exist?
• What are the statistics for the means through which HIV is spread?
• Purpose of tracrRNA in CRISPR?
• How much UV or IR sunlight reflect a white wall or tile with the window open? And with the window closed? Enough to decolorate / damage books, PVC / ABS and video games in few years?
• Besides Uranium-Lead decay, is there another method for measuring the age of the Earth?
• If storage and loss modulus relate to thickness and thinness, why does modulus crossover show storage modulus increasing and vice versa when a material is being shear-thinned?
• Do two objects of different masses exert the same amount of forcer on EACH OTHER?
• Is there any way to research, or research that exists, to see if coral reefs have bleached in the distant past during global climate warmings?

What percentage of a human fart is produced by bacteria, and what percentage is actually produced by *you* ? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 10:40 PM PST A lot of the gas in farts is produced by bacteria, but how much? When I fart, am I mostly just farting out some other organism's farts? Or is the majority of the gas in my farts gas that I made myself? submitted by /u/flabby_kat [link] [comments]

How did humans figure out that the ocean tides had anything to do with the moon? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 09:31 PM PST Early humans certainly realized that tides occurs with predictable regularity. And they knew that the moon had a predictable, regular cycle. But it's not nearly as obvious to the naked eye that there is a causal relationship between the tides and the celestial body hanging out in the sky. When did we figure out that the moon causes the tides, and what proved it? submitted by /u/nekochanwich [link] [comments]

What is the meaning and scope of yesterday's (20/01) notice by the WHO about the reliability of PCR COVID-19 tests? Posted: 21 Jan 2021 05:49 AM PST https://www.who.int/news/item/20-01-2021-who-information-notice-for-ivd-users-2020-05 [this] means that the probability that a person who has a positive result is truly infected with SARS-CoV-2 decreases as prevalence decreases submitted by /u/gooblefrump [link] [comments]

Is it rare that planet earth has such a wide variety of elements in its crust and atmosphere? Posted: 21 Jan 2021 03:02 AM PST This might seem like an odd question, or even a stupid one, but after searching online for a more concrete answer I couldn't find anything. So I hope you don't mind me turning to here. I'll start by explaining my question slightly better. We know that 74% ish of all mater in the universe is Hydrogen or Helium, and that the higher the atomic number the less there tends to be in the universe, (generally speaking). So compared to Hydrogen and Helium, you would expect to find a lot less iron, copper, gold, etc if you took a random area of space. My question is if these elements are only created by the collapse of stars, and that they are quite infrequent, how is it that we have at least 90 different elements found naturally in and around the earth? An offshoot of this question is, are we lucky to be seemingly rich in a diverse amount of elements? Would it have been possible that our earth was comprised mostly of copper, with tiny amounts of other useful elements? If so, then why were we so lucky? Is it a result of us being here, that to do so we needed these conditions, even if relatively speaking these conditions are very unlikely - like the Goldilocks zone of element variety. Or is my prior statement not the case, do we actually have a disproportionate amount of some elements, but an individual can't really gauge that? Any insight would be much appreciated! It's been bugging me, and google showed no answers submitted by /u/Rosslefrancais [link] [comments]

How do supercomputers work with many CPU's and GPU's? Posted: 21 Jan 2021 05:20 AM PST Normal computers have problems making SLI run and I think its actually becoming less of a thing lately, yet supercomputers have truck loads of GPU's and CPU's all working together to render some massive weather data or something else? Why cant I have multiple GPU's and CPU's in a normal PC? Specially the CPU's, since I know SLI for GPU's is at least somewhat a thing. submitted by /u/KaktitsM [link] [comments]

Are there any cases of animals caring for disabled offspring? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 08:56 PM PST submitted by /u/hojak [link] [comments]

What is the science behind blacklights (color, visible spectrum, chemical makeup, etc.)? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 09:12 PM PST Okay so the title may be a bit deceiving for what I'm asking... I've done my Googling, but there's just some things I would really like to learn about blacklights. Why can't I photograph a blacklight CFL bulb the way it appears to my eyes? When I power one, I see sort of like a deep plum, but also a blue/white? I'm not sure how to explain it. When I try to photograph it, it comes out pink and kind of teal. I was thinking maybe it was because cameras and see a greater spectrum than our eyes, but I'm not sure. What exactly is so "special" about the phosphor coating in a blacklight flourescent tube or CFL that makes it different than a regular flourescent light? My bulb has a dark glass, and it looks like a purple film inside... I'm assuming it's a blacklight blue bulb, for reference. I find this stuff so interesting, I just need answers!!! I'm into photography and 3D rendering in tools like blender and recreating what I'm seeing with my eyes is so difficult. I feel like if I had a better understanding how blacklights and the spectrum of light worked, then it would all come together. :) Thanks guys! submitted by /u/I-dont-get-it-21 [link] [comments]

Prevent sea level rise by removing boats? Posted: 21 Jan 2021 03:14 AM PST Could we potentially prevent (or for a better word postpone) sea level rise for places like Kiribati, etc. if we removed all boats, ships and other man-made floating devices from the ocean? Would this have a large impact? submitted by /u/saschavino [link] [comments]

Are there non-von Neumann computers? If not, why did the architecture need a name? It's not as though there's a dearth of things named after von Neumann. Posted: 20 Jan 2021 05:22 PM PST List of things named after John von Neumann submitted by /u/vaguelystem [link] [comments]

What would happen if we installed artificial poles on the moon to protect astronauts from solar flares? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 01:22 PM PST Would creating an artificial electro-magnetic field around the moon cause any adverse effects? Would it be useful for protecting astronauts from solar flares or would lunar regolith radiation shields be more effective and economical. submitted by /u/Farrt1 [link] [comments]

Fur is believed to have evolved at least 200 million years ago, before the divergence of monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. Why are depictions of mammalian ancestors so often shown without fur? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 08:24 PM PST (especially stem mammals from the early triassic and even late permian) submitted by /u/catras_new_haircut [link] [comments]

How does the immune system not clear cells carrying the mRNA vaccine? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 02:31 PM PST Hello /r/askscience! My colleagues and I (all bio-lab people) are a bit stumped on this bit. We understand that the Covid vaccine carries mRNA in a lipid membrane, that is then carried into cells and translated into protein. Then this protein is presented to the immune system (How though? On the cellular membrane, or through MHC?) We also understand that the immune system recognizes this as foreign and thus will develop antibodies. What we don't quite get is why the immune system (Through for instance CD8 Tcells) doesn't start wiping out all the "infected" human cells. To my knowledge, none of the vaccines noted any cell death as a result of jab. I had some suggestions, but I don't really got a solid answer for this either. - Is the mRNA degraded by the time the CD8 cells are active, so that the "infected" cells are cured again? - Are there perhaps cytokines or other markers absent in an "infection" caused by a RNA vaccine that prevent T-cell killing? - Is it something else entirely? Hope to hear your thoughts! submitted by /u/Thedutchjelle [link] [comments]

How can both [Cu(H2O)4]2+ and [Cu(H2O)6]2+ exist? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 08:32 PM PST When I search for Complex Cu-ions I keep finding [Cu(H2O)6]2+, however I know that [Cu(H2O)4]2+ is also possible. What determines if it's [Cu(H2O)4]2+ or [Cu(H2O)6]2+? ​ And in the case of [Cu(H2O)6]2+, how does that work cause I can't figure out the hybridization that's going on here? submitted by /u/mitoma33333 [link] [comments]

What are the statistics for the means through which HIV is spread? Posted: 21 Jan 2021 01:53 AM PST For example, what percentage of infections are due to mother-child, anal sex, vaginal sex etc? submitted by /u/eno4evva [link] [comments]

Purpose of tracrRNA in CRISPR? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 04:15 PM PST What is the role of tracrRNA in Type II CRISPR? It's to my understanding that it binds to the repeated sequence mRNA, but what exactly does it do? One more thing, how does the CRISPR system deal with RNA viruses? What sort of process would make that piece of RNA from the virus that the bacteria wants to incorporate into its CRISPR locus into DNA? Thanks in advance. submitted by /u/biogenesisforest [link] [comments]

How much UV or IR sunlight reflect a white wall or tile with the window open? And with the window closed? Enough to decolorate / damage books, PVC / ABS and video games in few years? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 04:40 PM PST submitted by /u/AngelKH15 [link] [comments]

Besides Uranium-Lead decay, is there another method for measuring the age of the Earth? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 04:42 PM PST Uranium-Lead decay has been used for a long time and gives Earth an estimated age of 4.5 to 4.6 billion years. But is there another method that can be used to confirm or even refine this estimate? submitted by /u/Morzo_Voidmaster [link] [comments]

If storage and loss modulus relate to thickness and thinness, why does modulus crossover show storage modulus increasing and vice versa when a material is being shear-thinned? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 11:31 AM PST The title pretty much covers it. When a material in melt phase is being shear thinned with oscillatory motion in a rotational rheometer, you see some materials shear thin as the angular frequency increases. However, when you see modulus crossover happen on the same material, it's actually the storage modulus rising above the loss modulus, which to me seems like that would mean it's getting thicker. submitted by /u/UndercoverProphet [link] [comments]

Do two objects of different masses exert the same amount of forcer on EACH OTHER? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 01:16 PM PST Lets say object A is 10 is units of Mass, while object B is 20 units of Mass. Will both objects exert the same amount (strength) of gravitational force on each other? Assume they are 5 units of distance away from each other. I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around this concept. I know the force of gravity between the two objects changes as they get larger/smaller/closer/further, but is the amount of force they exert on each other the same? submitted by /u/codly68 [link] [comments]

Is there any way to research, or research that exists, to see if coral reefs have bleached in the distant past during global climate warmings? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 04:44 PM PST From my reading, corals bleach due to ocean acidification which is primarily due to excess CO2, this leads to poor reef health if not complete death. Given the fragility of reef structures, I assume that bleached reefs would eventually fall and form into sand which is most likely incredibly hard to date and historically analyze like ice in the polar caps. Is there a way to specifically look at the acidification of coral over millennia, or maybe the evidence of acidification leading to bleaching? I ask due to an argument about the validity of human-caused global warming models, especially around natural global warming cycles and human contribution to existing (natural) CO2 levels in the atmosphere. So I'm wondering what kind of information we can draw about acidification. submitted by /u/boydo579 [link] [comments]

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How rabies virus affect almost every hot-blooded species on Earth while other viruses usually unique for one or few species?

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• How rabies virus affect almost every hot-blooded species on Earth while other viruses usually unique for one or few species?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology
• Why do vaccines not make the person infectious?
• I get that crack is the free base of cocaine chemically, but why does that make it smokable and more powerful?
• How are gem stones categorised?
• Why is it only possible to diagnose CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy) in an autopsy, even though we have advanced brain imagery like MRI and CAT scans?
• What is the approvals process for a vaccine update?
• Do the two dose vaccines require the second dose to be within 2 weeks to be effective?
• What percentage of your cells are infected when you're infected with a virus?
• How can quantum entanglement be applied for some practical use for well being of the human race?
• Are fast moving 'particles' length-contracted in any way?
• Can household pets contract the virus?
• Do solar eclipses exhibit Arago spots (aka Poisson/Fresnel spots)?

How rabies virus affect almost every hot-blooded species on Earth while other viruses usually unique for one or few species? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 11:52 AM PST submitted by /u/Pazoozu [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Posted: 20 Jan 2021 07:00 AM PST Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

Why do vaccines not make the person infectious? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 05:28 AM PST I know a couple of healthcare workers who have now had the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. Each of them has been ill for a couple of days displaying typical flu-like symptoms before returning to full health, which I'm aware is very typical. Why is it that when having the vaccine, which I've read is a weakened version of a different virus make to "look like" Covid-19, that people do display symptoms but aren't actually "ill" and/or contagious? submitted by /u/GuyAlmighty [link] [comments]

I get that crack is the free base of cocaine chemically, but why does that make it smokable and more powerful? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 07:15 AM PST submitted by /u/Depensity [link] [comments]

How are gem stones categorised? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 07:53 AM PST I'm not entirely sure what science this actually comes under so please correct me if that tag is wrong. I follow a gem stone sub on reddit who often post various gems and more often than not the colour isn't what you'd traditionally expect from the type of stone, e.g. green garnets and pink sapphires. So, given that colour is not a feature that facilitates categorisation, what does? submitted by /u/turtletails [link] [comments]

Why is it only possible to diagnose CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy) in an autopsy, even though we have advanced brain imagery like MRI and CAT scans? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 12:30 AM PST submitted by /u/Sherlock_McCoy [link] [comments]

What is the approvals process for a vaccine update? Posted: 20 Jan 2021 03:47 AM PST If an update were necessary to the different kinds of covid vaccines, how long would it take before they were approved? submitted by /u/052934 [link] [comments]

Do the two dose vaccines require the second dose to be within 2 weeks to be effective? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 07:27 PM PST After reading about Israel's study showing that one dose isn't near as effective as the two, 14-21 days apart, doses that's meant to happen, it got me wondering. Do people who've been vaccinated just need the second dose EVENTUALLY, or does it need to be within that 3 week window to be the stated 90% effectiveness? I understand the concern being that we're handing out 1 dose and letting people wait weeks for the second, leaving them still almost as vulnerable. BUT, will those people finally be protected properly whenever they get the second dose or does effectiveness dwindle dramatically after 3 weeks? submitted by /u/SquidsAndInk [link] [comments]

What percentage of your cells are infected when you're infected with a virus? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 08:01 PM PST One of those weird 2 am geek conversations about the limits of genetic engineering lead to this question. If you have a really bad flu infection, what percentage of your cells would actually have the flu virus active in them? submitted by /u/BigNorseWolf [link] [comments]

How can quantum entanglement be applied for some practical use for well being of the human race? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 11:54 PM PST submitted by /u/vedant_bhamare [link] [comments]

Are fast moving 'particles' length-contracted in any way? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 12:46 PM PST I know this is, on some levels, a nonsensical question given that these 'particles' are just field peturbations, but this seems to me like an interesting junction between quantum theory and relativity. Something that is moving at near light speed supposedly sees the universe contracted, and likewise an observer should see this object as contracted in length also. I'm just wondering if this has been confirmed in experiment, say, within colliders; i.e. that fast moving particles appear smaller than when supercooled..? submitted by /u/ComputersWantMeDead [link] [comments]

Can household pets contract the virus? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 07:27 PM PST submitted by /u/LJT84 [link] [comments]

Do solar eclipses exhibit Arago spots (aka Poisson/Fresnel spots)? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 04:18 AM PST Arago spots are a phenomenon observed when shining light at a spherical object - one can (surprinsingly) see a bright point at the centre of the shadow. An eclipse seems like a setup that should also generate a Fresnel spot, but I don't remeber there being any talk about bright points in the shadow of an eclipse. submitted by /u/maest [link] [comments]

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Why do lysosomes need a low pH in order to function/degrade proteins?

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• Why do lysosomes need a low pH in order to function/degrade proteins?
• Does damage to lungs due to covid improve over time? Does the damage noticeably affect breathing or can it go unnoticed?
• How vaccine effectiveness is affected by blood donation?
• With the Covids mRNA technology being approved like no other medicine and assuming there are minimal side effects, should future mRNA medicine be approved at the same rate for autoimmune diseases?
• How resilient are (biological) neural networks to the loss of individual neurons?
• Are you more likely to notice noise that wasn't there before or a noise that was there, disappear?
• Do pain relievers taken after a vaccine reduce its effectiveness?
• Has earth’s orbital trajectory around the sun shifted or deviated throughout the centuries/millennia, or has it always been the same with negligible shifts?
• How has the amount of water on Earth’s surface changed over geologic time?
• What is the deal with high heat and nonstick coatings on cookware? What is "high heat", and what exactly breaks down on a physical/chemical level?
• Protein folding in cytosolic ribosomes?
• Are there certain volcanoes that we know to a certainty that will never erupt again? Or is it too difficult to know or predict that sort of thing?
• Do antipyretics slow down the healing process of the body?
• How do different mechanisms of action of covid19 vaccines compare against mutant strains?
• How does aphasia (the word salad effect after a stroke) affect a person's ability to understand and communicate in ways other than speaking? Do people who've recovered understand what was going on? Can they write or use sign language even when they can't talk?
• How are phase diagrams determined?
• How do IP injections of antibodies get into circulation and reach distant sites like the brain? Can Abs cross the blood brain barrier?
• With the COVID pandemic, have blood donations plummeted to dangerous levels?
• MAOA L, the ‘warrior gene’ is linked to high levels of aggression due to it meaning high levels of serotonin is left in the synaptic cleft?
• Do you absorb more caffeine drinking coffee empty stomached compared to after a meal?
• How do human genetics affect vaccine side-effects?
• What is the second fastest thing in the universe after the speed of light? How big is the difference?

Why do lysosomes need a low pH in order to function/degrade proteins? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 09:13 PM PST submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

Does damage to lungs due to covid improve over time? Does the damage noticeably affect breathing or can it go unnoticed? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 12:50 PM PST submitted by /u/peechiecaca [link] [comments]

How vaccine effectiveness is affected by blood donation? Posted: 19 Jan 2021 06:41 AM PST Say a person has been vaccinated (specifically the mRNA vaccines for Covid-19 if necessary). What if blood is being taken away from that person by blood-donation or other methods (even trauma). How does it affect the levels of antibodies/t-cells (are those the correct terms) in the blood? Are those restored to the high levels they were before blood was taken away, along with the generation of other blood "components"? Does it matter if the blood was taken away after the first vaccine dose or after the second? ​ To clarify - I'm speaking about the immunized person that lost blood it some way, not a recipient of blood donation or antibodies. submitted by /u/dinitheo [link] [comments]

With the Covids mRNA technology being approved like no other medicine and assuming there are minimal side effects, should future mRNA medicine be approved at the same rate for autoimmune diseases? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 12:30 PM PST The idea came after learning about the experimental mRNA treatment for MS which i'll link below. Should potential mRNA for autoimmune diseases be approved at the same rate as the Covid Vaccine as the medicine potentially could be better than current treatments on the market and provide less side effects than current offerings? Link https://mstrust.org.uk/news/researchers-develop-mrna-vaccine-treat-ms-condition-mice submitted by /u/Knight941 [link] [comments]

How resilient are (biological) neural networks to the loss of individual neurons? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 07:15 PM PST I know that they are pretty great at rewiring to accommodate damage, and that ferinstance stroke victims can often regain lost functionality over time. But in the immediate term, and in orders of magnitude, what's the minimum number of neurons you'd need to lose at once to cause noticeable impairment of some kind? Are there crucial nodes with very little redundancy? How bottlenecked do the networks get; what's the 'bus factor', in management-speak? Single-digits? Hundreds? Teaspoons? submitted by /u/TheBananaKing [link] [comments]

Are you more likely to notice noise that wasn't there before or a noise that was there, disappear? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 07:36 PM PST submitted by /u/jungle_beets [link] [comments]

Do pain relievers taken after a vaccine reduce its effectiveness? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 12:01 PM PST submitted by /u/OutdoorsyGeek [link] [comments]

Has earth’s orbital trajectory around the sun shifted or deviated throughout the centuries/millennia, or has it always been the same with negligible shifts? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 01:50 PM PST submitted by /u/CivilTax00100100 [link] [comments]

How has the amount of water on Earth’s surface changed over geologic time? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 04:12 PM PST Is water being subducted into the mantle faster than it's being out gassed back out? Has the Earth experienced any net loss of water to space? submitted by /u/jaggedcanyon69 [link] [comments]

What is the deal with high heat and nonstick coatings on cookware? What is "high heat", and what exactly breaks down on a physical/chemical level? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 01:12 PM PST Nonstick pans very commonly instruct to avoid "high heat". What exactly constitutes high heat? Is it just large temperature? Or maybe high watts going through? Or is it just the total energy that goes through? Does it matter if the inside of the pot has a good heat sink, like a bunch of water? The way I figure, if it's a matter of temperature then you can boil water all day long at max heat no problems. If it's a matter of watts, it doesn't really matter what's on the top side, just matters what the burner is set to. If it's a matter of energy, then the coating has some finite lifetime, and cooking something quickly at high heat vs slowly at low heat doesn't make much difference. Is any of this speculation right? submitted by /u/SchighSchagh [link] [comments]

Protein folding in cytosolic ribosomes? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 12:15 PM PST Hello, I had a question about protein folding. It's to my understanding that proteins that are to be exported out of the cell are translated in the ribosomes attached to the rough E.R, and folding occurs in the same place for those proteins. What about the proteins translated in the cytosolic ribosomes? Where does the folding for those proteins occur? Thanks in advance. submitted by /u/biogenesisforest [link] [comments]

Are there certain volcanoes that we know to a certainty that will never erupt again? Or is it too difficult to know or predict that sort of thing? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 11:15 AM PST submitted by /u/jlenders [link] [comments]

Do antipyretics slow down the healing process of the body? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 08:20 AM PST I've come to understand that fever is a deliberate response by the body that helps it fight off sickness. Does taking antipyretics like Ibuprofen or Paracetamol make it harder for the body to do so and thus potentially prolong the disease? I'm thinking primarily of Covid, but also interested in other diseases. Thank you, and stay safe! ps. excuse my grammar. not native. submitted by /u/villabianchi [link] [comments]

How do different mechanisms of action of covid19 vaccines compare against mutant strains? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 07:03 AM PST Hi- I'm wondering if there's any scientific evidence that a particular type of vaccine (I.e mechanism of action, such as mRNA, adenovirus, etc) would work better against mutant covid-19 strains. For instance, does an inactivated virus have a wider range of strains covered, or do they all theoretically have similar effectiveness since they're targeting the spike protein? Do they have additional targets besides training the body to identify the spike protein? Thanks in advance! submitted by /u/Bebethebabe [link] [comments]

How does aphasia (the word salad effect after a stroke) affect a person's ability to understand and communicate in ways other than speaking? Do people who've recovered understand what was going on? Can they write or use sign language even when they can't talk? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 02:48 AM PST submitted by /u/MKRune [link] [comments]

How are phase diagrams determined? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 10:10 AM PST So a phase diagram is basically a graph that indicates what state a substance will be at at a certain temperature and pressure. All this data is collected experimentally. But how do you change the temperature in a system without also changing the pressure and vice versa? If we start off with helium gas and assume it acts as an ideal gas, then T = (PV)/(nR). If you increase temperature, then the pressure should also go up. It seems to me that the only way to increase temperature without increasing pressure would be to increase the volume or decrease the number of moles of helium. How would such a device work to allow this? submitted by /u/Trainbus6000 [link] [comments]

How do IP injections of antibodies get into circulation and reach distant sites like the brain? Can Abs cross the blood brain barrier? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 03:12 PM PST This might be a silly question but it's something I've never really understood. I'm reading this paper investigating blood brain barrier integrity. I won't go into the specifics, but they IP inject mice with a monoclonal Ab against a molecule they hypothesize breaks down the BBB integrity. However, they use a mouse model that has this molecule knocked out, and reintroduce it via intracerebroventricular injection. The IP ab treatment manages to ameliorate the loss of BBB integrity. This suggest that: 1) the antibody goes from the peritoneal cavity into circulation and reaches the BBB. How does this work? I could see drugs being passively transported into the surrounding vasculature, but I don't see it'd work for antibodies 2) once at the BBB, the Ab crosses the BBB and neutralizes its target molecule before it can break down the BBB (this target molecule should only be found within the brain). How does this work? Thanks. submitted by /u/IF1234 [link] [comments]

With the COVID pandemic, have blood donations plummeted to dangerous levels? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 02:10 PM PST I am assuming that blood donations have dropped off significantly because of COVID - what long term impacts will this have? submitted by /u/trusty3285 [link] [comments]

MAOA L, the ‘warrior gene’ is linked to high levels of aggression due to it meaning high levels of serotonin is left in the synaptic cleft? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 07:22 AM PST I thought that low levels of serotonin linked to aggression rather than high levels, could someone please try to explain this submitted by /u/a_dance [link] [comments]

Do you absorb more caffeine drinking coffee empty stomached compared to after a meal? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 04:14 AM PST submitted by /u/jadad21 [link] [comments]

How do human genetics affect vaccine side-effects? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 09:00 AM PST Is it possible that people with In-born errors in IFN expression (See https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6515/eabd4570.full) might be more or less likely to have severe side-effects to the vaccine? Have any retrospective studies been done to see if there is any genetic correlation to severe vaccine side effects? submitted by /u/twohammocks [link] [comments]

What is the second fastest thing in the universe after the speed of light? How big is the difference? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 07:20 PM PST submitted by /u/byrak97 [link] [comments]

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What is random about Random Access Memory (RAM)?

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• What is random about Random Access Memory (RAM)?
• With the rise of covid deaths, does that have any effect on the organ donor list?
• Is there a benefit to multiple companies developing their own vaccine, as opposed to them pooling resources or cooperating on the best formulation?
• What prevents the innermost electron from collapsing to the proton?
• With light produced in the Sun's core, does it move slower than the light that's present at the surface? Or is it all mostly the same speed?
• What's the mathematics behind EPR paradox?
• What are genetically modified human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells?
• Is It possible (already possible?) to make a vaccine that fights two viruses or diseases at the same time?
• Why is Intel still using 14nm in their cpu's when the technology for 5nm is already out?
• At what level of vaccinations should the early effects of herd immunity start to be seen?
• Has human gestation always been 40 weeks? How does the body know when to start labor?
• What are some examples, if any, of species that prey on their relatively close evolutionary family?
• Why doesn’t xenon poising always occur in nuclear reactors?
• How exactly can we measure the distance to mars?

What is random about Random Access Memory (RAM)? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 10:01 AM PST Apologies if there is a more appropriate sub, was unsure where else to ask. Basically as in the title, I understand that RAM is temporary memory with constant store and retrieval times -- but what is so random about it? submitted by /u/wheinz2 [link] [comments]

With the rise of covid deaths, does that have any effect on the organ donor list? Posted: 18 Jan 2021 03:11 AM PST submitted by /u/vegfitchick [link] [comments]

Is there a benefit to multiple companies developing their own vaccine, as opposed to them pooling resources or cooperating on the best formulation? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 06:41 PM PST submitted by /u/snowmunkey [link] [comments]

What prevents the innermost electron from collapsing to the proton? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 04:59 PM PST since its the closest im assuming it will have a high attraction force to the proton in the nucleus, but what cancels that? submitted by /u/zerohero01 [link] [comments]

With light produced in the Sun's core, does it move slower than the light that's present at the surface? Or is it all mostly the same speed? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 08:22 PM PST submitted by /u/loads_a_coin [link] [comments]

What's the mathematics behind EPR paradox? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 09:46 AM PST By that I mean, not Bell's inequality, but why measuring Sx of one particle of a pair of particles with net Sz=0 determines the Sx for the other particle? I know Sz=0 but what does that say about Sx? submitted by /u/GenesisStryker [link] [comments]

What are genetically modified human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 11:51 PM PST submitted by /u/Substantial-Guava-40 [link] [comments]

Is It possible (already possible?) to make a vaccine that fights two viruses or diseases at the same time? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 12:20 PM PST submitted by /u/Hitokiri2 [link] [comments]

Why is Intel still using 14nm in their cpu's when the technology for 5nm is already out? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 11:51 AM PST Intel's new rocket lake is using a 14nm and yet Samsung's new chip for its phones is using 5nm so the technology cleary exists. Is there no benefit for Intel to using a smaller node? submitted by /u/Retrofiddle [link] [comments]

At what level of vaccinations should the early effects of herd immunity start to be seen? Posted: 17 Jan 2021 10:22 AM PST Israel is leading the world in vaccinations, and has reportedly vaccinated about 25% of their population already. And yet, their number of new lab confirmed cases per day is not only one of the highest in the world, it is also accelerating faster than nearly any other country in the world. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus I understand that the current vaccines may be very effective at preventing illness, hospitalizations and death, but not as effective at stopping infections or transmission, but Israel's number of Covid related deaths is also still increasing very quickly. I also understand that there's a lag between infections, lab confirmations, hospitalizations and deaths, but Israel's vaccinating rate has been going strong for weeks now, with over 10% of their population being done by New Years. Granted, they are not close to 'full' herd immunity yet, but at 25%, shouldn't they be seeing something other than one of the highest increases in their daily case numbers and deaths in the world? submitted by /u/Pointede8Pouces [link] [comments]

Has human gestation always been 40 weeks? How does the body know when to start labor? Posted: 16 Jan 2021 08:43 PM PST Curious about whether gestation has always taken approximately nine months or whether there was natural selection involved in getting it to that length. submitted by /u/thehappyherbivore [link] [comments]

What are some examples, if any, of species that prey on their relatively close evolutionary family? Posted: 16 Jan 2021 07:31 PM PST As the title says, I'm curious if there are many if any animals that eat their evolutionary cousins. Or even any that used to that have now gone extinct, I wanna know if it has ever happened, and if so how common is it? submitted by /u/KageSama1919 [link] [comments]

Why doesn’t xenon poising always occur in nuclear reactors? Posted: 16 Jan 2021 04:30 PM PST As I understand it, xenon poisoning was one of the major factors leading up the Chernobyl accident. It was caused by running the reactor at low power for several hours. Apparently, this does not happen when a nuclear reactor is at full power. My question is why exactly? If xenon is a natural fission product of uranium-235, then why doesn't it always build up in the reactor over time? When I look this up, I keep seeing the phrase "xenon is burnt off", but what does that mean exactly? What does the xenon become when it is "burnt off" and why is it only "burnt off" at high power? submitted by /u/Trainbus6000 [link] [comments]

How exactly can we measure the distance to mars? Posted: 16 Jan 2021 02:03 PM PST Can we know exactly how many meters there are? What tools are used? laser? submitted by /u/Sven10x [link] [comments]

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