Pages

Saturday, January 9, 2021

I've seen reports that the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine may give up to 52% protection 10 days after the first shot. Does the Moderna data suggest anything like this as well?

I've seen reports that the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine may give up to 52% protection 10 days after the first shot. Does the Moderna data suggest anything like this as well?


I've seen reports that the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine may give up to 52% protection 10 days after the first shot. Does the Moderna data suggest anything like this as well?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 09:17 AM PST

In solid-state physics, how can a specific arrangement of atoms break time-reversal symmetry like in the crystal hall effect (CHE)?

Posted: 09 Jan 2021 06:29 AM PST

To my understanding, time-reversal symmetry describes that some processes can be reversible in time (e.g. a car going at a velocity of v will travel with a velocity of -v when time is reversed) and some other processes are not symmetric to time, like a cup of coffee cooling down. I read about the crystal hall effect in antiferromagnets and am a little confused as to how this effect comes about.

submitted by /u/bass_toelpel
[link] [comments]

How can a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 be both more infectious but not increase in pathogenicity?

Posted: 09 Jan 2021 04:37 AM PST

The data shows that the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be more transmissible but luckily not anymore deadly than the normal variants.

But if a SARS-CoV-2 variant has a mutated spike protein that allows it to be more infectious and transmissible, doesn't this mean that it's better able to get into our cells?

And wouldn't this increased ability to invade our cells necessarily also increase its ability to cause disease? In general, the more cells that become infected, the greater the disease, right?

What possible mechanisms would allow the virus to be more easily transmissible, yet have no effect on pathogenicity?

I'm looking specifically for mechanistic reasons why pathogenicity and infectiousness are seperate (ie. the spike proteins on the new variant don't break off the viral cell wall as much as other variants, so more host cells will become infected, but once it gets inside the host cell perhaps the RNA replicase the variant has isn't as effective in creating the proteins that eventually lead to severe disease?)

submitted by /u/rabidsoggymoose
[link] [comments]

If someone got severe side effects from a vaccine, would the effects of the disease be even worse?

Posted: 09 Jan 2021 04:17 AM PST

Let's say polio vaccine. A child got that vaccine, developed autoimmune encephalitis.
Had the child not taken the vaccine, but gotten the disease, would the disease run a much more severe course than usual in that child?

submitted by /u/sunsetsurprise
[link] [comments]

Is an earthquake of a magnitude of 10,11 or 12 feasible?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 09:43 PM PST

If so, what would the collateral damage of such a massive earthquake entail? Does it have the potential to cause mass extinction?

I feel like a magnitude of 10 earthquake would cause a lot of damage but certainly wouldn't wipe out life on Earth, right?

submitted by /u/Hot_Improvement_3598
[link] [comments]

How are vaccines and other drugs tested in children?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 04:51 PM PST

Children can't consent to medicine trials the same way that adults can, so how do drug developers test the safety and efficacy of drugs in children?

submitted by /u/geareduptiger
[link] [comments]

Moderna mRNA vaccine, does it change your genome?

Posted: 09 Jan 2021 07:36 AM PST

I know that mRNA goes to the ribosome to create proteins and this mRNA has been designed to produce spike proteins so your immune system can make antibodies. But I've heard online that the mRNA could actually end up changing your genome, like how a herpes virus can infect a hosts genome and remain dormant in the hosts cell for a long time. Do you think there is reason to worry about this? I'm asking because my mom is a teacher and I'm worried that the vaccine hasn't been tested enough and she's going to be a human guinea pig.

submitted by /u/leaves27
[link] [comments]

Since they are considering no reserve vaccines, what happens if someone isn't able to get their second dose at the right time? Can the just get it after a couple months, or will the have to get both doses again to get the full effect?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 06:42 PM PST

Topographers: how is topographical data stored?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 09:09 PM PST

What is underneath the sand at the bottom of the ocean?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 12:10 PM PST

For there to be sand at the bottom of the ocean, that would mean there is something holding it up. What is it? Or maybe to better phrase the question "What was the ocean floor made of before sand?"

submitted by /u/BRNJi240
[link] [comments]

How do we know the rate at which atomic clocks lose time?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 02:04 PM PST

If they are the most accurate means of measuring time, what are they being compared to when we say they drift x seconds in y million years etc.

submitted by /u/lad_astro
[link] [comments]

Where is degree Celsius officially defined?

Posted: 09 Jan 2021 03:35 AM PST

We all know that the tripple point of Water is defined to be 273.16K or 0.01°C. Ok, was, but lets not get into that detail. BIPM, and with that most of the world, adopted the Kelvin scale (defined by the absolute zero and the triple point of water) as the temperature scale (adopted by CGPM-9). But there seems no re-definition of the Celsius scale after Kelvin got adopted as temperature scale in CGPM-10, nor when later the scale got clarified/redefined in CGPM-13.

While we all base Celsius upon Kelvin, I was not able to find any formal or legal definition of this.

So, where is the Celsius scales, that the NMIs use for calibration of instruments, officially defined?

submitted by /u/NoSuchKotH
[link] [comments]

How likely are you to get infected with COVID-19 from your own hair if you practice social distancing?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 05:27 PM PST

I have fairly long hair and a beard and I am wary to wash it every day because I don't want to dry out the strands. I have been washing it every time I leave my condo, but as I'm growing it out, it's getting very dry/split ends and I'm trying not to trim it any more than every six months. I have been meticulously practicing social distancing, but some instances of possible exposure are unavoidable, as I work in a high volume business and live in a condo and use the elevator. I searched online and there was not a lot of insight as to what the actual odds are of getting infected from your hair, but some doctors erred on the side of caution and advised washing hair daily. I was wondering if rinsing hair every night under lukewarm water with a high pressure shower head for several minutes and conditioning regularly would rinse out any latent Covid particles. Obviously after work I plan on using shampoo, but if I hop in to the elevator and go up to the laundry room of my building, am I super likely to contract Covid from being in the elevator and shared laundry area? I'm also very careful about disinfecting/washing my hands neurotically after touching any surface that anyone else may have touched. I also am extremely cognizant not to touch my hair or face if my hands might be contaminated. I guess my biggest worry would be going to bed at night with the possibility of having Covid on my hair, rubbing it onto my pillow, and then breathing it in from there.

Can I relax with shampooing my hair everyday or does leaving it unwashed greatly elevate my risk of contracting the virus?

submitted by /u/danubian-prince
[link] [comments]

How effective are two dose vaccines if you get the second dose long after the recommended time interval?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 01:58 PM PST

This has become relevant due to Biden's plan to release COVID-19 vaccines that were being previously reserved as second doses.

https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/08/politics/biden-vaccine-strategy/index.html

Let's say you receive the first dose of a vaccine and it is recommended to get the second dose one month later. But instead you do not receive the second dose for multiple months or even a year later. How does that impact the effectiveness of the vaccine after receiving the second dose? Do you have to start the dosing schedule over again (i.e. receive a third dose at the correct time interval after the second dose) to achieve immunity?

Obviously there isn't data yet to understand how this would impact COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. But I'm wondering if there is data on other vaccines that can be used for comparison.

submitted by /u/Locksul
[link] [comments]

Do any doctors have a guesstimate about how long until Moderna and Pfizer roll out their vaccines?

Posted: 09 Jan 2021 12:57 AM PST

Like how long does it take them to produce it and how much can they produce at any given time.

submitted by /u/Selfish_Princess
[link] [comments]

Why Does the COVID-19 Vaccine Cause Such a Robust Symptomatic Immune Response?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 12:13 PM PST

I got my COVID vaccine yesterday at 5 pm, and this morning woke up with a headache, malaise, and significant shoulder pain. But I get the flu vaccine every year, and I only get mild shoulder aches, and when I give teenagers vaccines for HPV, TDaP, and meningitis, they also don't get much more than mild muscle aches at the site of injection the next day.

And I'm not an isolated case. Most of my co-workers report about 24 hours of these headaches, malaise, and arm pains after getting the vaccine before it self-resolves.

I am aware that my body is mounting an immune response. But why is it so much more symptomatic than the reaction to other vaccines?

submitted by /u/BallerGuitarer
[link] [comments]

Why do batteries shut down even when they have a little bit more power on them?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 07:56 PM PST

Why do batteries seemingly have some juice still in them when they die? For example, when a phone runs out of battery you can try to turn it on again. It might die right on the boot or even once it's turned on if you're lucky (It actually depends on the firmware, some don't try to turn but it's clear that they still have a bit of power left).

Why do manufacturers do this? Is this some property of the li-ion architecture? Is this some design choice, maybe to increase battery life? Why not let the user choose to empty the battery for an emergency then?

This is a question I've had for a while and I couldn't find an answer anywhere else, so let's see what's it!

submitted by /u/TerranToplaner
[link] [comments]

What is the evidence that children (in particular in school settings) transmit covid less than adults?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 07:18 AM PST

Many countries have kept their schools open on the basis that children do not transmit covid to the same degree as adults. This, in my mind, would be difficult to prove if many child carriers are asymptomatic as has also been reported. Can anyone shed light on the methodologies and significant studies that suggest children do not transmit the disease as much as adults?

submitted by /u/AndyMandible
[link] [comments]

Why would adding CO2 make your blood more acidic if it always makes a HCO3- along with each H+?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 07:53 AM PST

Hello, I have always been deeply confused by this concept for an embarrassingly long time. But if you hypoventilate and thus increase the CO2 in your blood, this will combine with H2O to make H2CO3, which then makes HCO3- and H+. why would this disassociation of H2CO3 decrease your pH? if it always adds a HCO3- along with its H+? Also why does carbonic anhydrase exist? why would your body want to make the reaction CO2+H2O=H2CO3 faster?

Thank you

submitted by /u/Odin_the_frycook
[link] [comments]

Why don’t bacteria evolve resistance to soaps like they do to antibiotics?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 08:20 AM PST

How can we determine that, say, 5 billion years ago the universe was expanding slower than it is now and then accelerated for some reason to a faster acceleration and what caused that change?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 06:49 AM PST

Is Ivermectin being considered/used as a treatment to the Covid-19 virus?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 02:33 PM PST

If so, where is it being used and is it as promising as many articles have claimed? and if not in use nor being considered then why is that?

submitted by /u/lololoabb
[link] [comments]

What is the mechanism which causes electrons to drop in energy once entering a quantum well?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 02:23 PM PST

After reading about quantum wells, I learned that electrons will wander from the larger bandgap material which sandwiches a smaller bandgap material, and then drop in energy upon entering the low bandgap material, therefore, trapping it. Which is fair enough, that makes sense.

But I haven't been able to find a resource which describes why this drop in energy occurs. Where does the excess energy from the electron go, why does it drop in energy in the first place?

submitted by /u/magginator8
[link] [comments]

Friday, January 8, 2021

Why if I mix green and red paints in equal proportions, I see a desaturated brown, but if I mix green and red light in equal proportions like in an LCD screen, I get pure yellow?

Why if I mix green and red paints in equal proportions, I see a desaturated brown, but if I mix green and red light in equal proportions like in an LCD screen, I get pure yellow?


Why if I mix green and red paints in equal proportions, I see a desaturated brown, but if I mix green and red light in equal proportions like in an LCD screen, I get pure yellow?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 08:38 AM PST

Edit: This art installation might help some to understand how color is reflected, and more specifically how that color must be present in the illumination source in order for us to see it. Anything in the room that is not yellow appears to be in black and white.

submitted by /u/Tink_Tinkler
[link] [comments]

Why are so many of the longest living trees conifers/gymnosperms?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 07:39 PM PST

How do we know that blue whales weigh upwards of 200 tons. How do you physically weight them?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 10:08 AM PST

Are there any instances in the fossil record of a marine amniote evolving back into a primarily terrestrial animal?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 08:22 PM PST

Why is most of the ozone present in one small layer?

Posted: 08 Jan 2021 03:15 AM PST

Why is it that almost all the ozone is present in that one layer? While all the other gasses are mixed evenly throughout the atmosphere.

I have tried Google Google this but I didn't get much. All I got was results telling me how ozone was formed, but nothing about why it is almost exclusively in one layer.

submitted by /u/PM_ME_GOOD_USERNAMS
[link] [comments]

How much Corona Virus needs to be present for detection in local wastewater treatment systems?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 09:17 PM PST

Our news outlets have reporting that traces of Corona virus have been detected in some cities wastewater. My Question is, how much of the virus would need to be present in the wastewater treatment system to be detected and how does that translate to potential infection rates in the community?

submitted by /u/CentaurLion73
[link] [comments]

Why are there viral DNA sequences in the genomes of plants and animals?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 09:39 PM PST

What’s the reason for the difference in covid vs flu ICU admissions?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 03:58 PM PST

Is the number of admissions to ICU, due to covid much higher than admission due to flu in previous years, because there is more people contracting covid than contract flu, or because covid is a worse illness to contract?

submitted by /u/Ldogmcgee
[link] [comments]

How fast would a vertical platform have to accelerate for you be able to stand on it sideways?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 10:10 PM PST

Does Covid19 convalescent plasma treatment depend on the nucleocapsid antibody?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 05:24 PM PST

This news article (https://www.azfamily.com/news/continuing_coverage/coronavirus_coverage/people-vaccinated-cant-donate-convalescent-plasma-after-donations-are-needed-now/article_7165b902-44b9-11eb-958a-0bbf419b8600.html) states that vaccine recipients aren't useful for convalescent plasma donation not because of the experimental vaccine disqualification, but because the treatment relies on the nucleocapsid antibodies:

Vitalant said the reason why is because the vaccine causes spike antibodies, and for convalescent plasma, they need nucleocapsid antibodies.

Is that the case? If so, what drives the requirement and why would the vaccine work and this this not?

submitted by /u/Schnort
[link] [comments]

Could Covid-19 mutate to the point that current PCR/antigen tests wouldn’t work?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 09:51 AM PST

Where are the highest concentrations of capillaries in human skin?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 09:42 AM PST

I'm experimenting with a homemade Photoplethysmogram device and I am getting different pulse strengths from different parts of my body.

Supposedly it is the skin capillaries that impact how good the PPG signal is.

From online sources, I know fingers, earlobes, foreheads, and toes supposedly have a lot of capillaries that are good for measuring, but this is not very descriptive.

Interestingly I can't find any sort of diagram of the human body that shows this information.

Follow-up questions: - Does skin capillary density vary from person to person? - For those that are familiar with PPG, is it actually capillary density that is impacting my readings, or is it something else?

submitted by /u/Expolymath
[link] [comments]

Where does all of the material that eventually covers artifacts come from?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 09:56 PM PST

I understand the general concept behind stratification: The deeper an item is, the older is must be compared to items found closer to the surface. My question is: Where does all of that rock and dirt come from? It seems to me that if the diameter of the Earth was growing, then it would make sense that material would be laid down in an even layer around the world and would lead to the clear banding we see in the geological record. But isn't the Earth a closed system? New rock is only pushed out in lava flows and a small amount does come from outer space in the form of asteroids, but I have a hard time believing that is a significant amount. Places that are part of flood planes or other more direct forms of sedimentation totally would bury items rather quickly. What about other areas free from the actions of water?

Thank you in advance for any replies. This question has been itching at the back of my mind for a long time.

submitted by /u/RosieSprinkle
[link] [comments]

How does Power Level work on my microwave?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 06:37 PM PST

Is it really lower power or is it on/off periodically? Both? Something else?

submitted by /u/syxxiz
[link] [comments]

Thursday, January 7, 2021

Why aren't there an excessive amount of fossils right at the KT Boundary?

Why aren't there an excessive amount of fossils right at the KT Boundary?


Why aren't there an excessive amount of fossils right at the KT Boundary?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 07:41 PM PST

I would assume (based on the fact that the layer represents the environmental devastation) that a large number of animals died right at that point but fossils seem to appear much earlier, why?

submitted by /u/wrenchtosser
[link] [comments]

Why using placebo in vaccine testing?

Posted: 07 Jan 2021 02:11 AM PST

I´ve read some articles of vaccine testing. When they test the vaccine they give some patients the actual vaccine and some a placebo. I know about the placebo effect but how does this work? What is the placebo exactly? Does the patient know that they are given a placebo? What information will you get from using placebo on some patients?

submitted by /u/Fair-Masterpiece-637
[link] [comments]

Why are fish livers fattier than mammal livers?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 03:10 PM PST

So many fish have these fatty oily livers, while beef liver etc. is incredibly lean.

submitted by /u/Michael_Dukakis
[link] [comments]

If the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are essentially the same, why do they have different waits between 1st & 2nd doses? And why is the age limit different for the two?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 08:09 PM PST

Why are obese people less likely to develop lung cancer and highly likely to survive it?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 01:42 PM PST

I was reading up on a few things as this sort of this interests me and fascinates me. I'm curious as to any of your ideas or explanations as I have some of my own that I'm unsure of.

Is this something that could be important in cancer research too?

submitted by /u/soupytwistt
[link] [comments]

Is it true the fastest exit direction from our galaxy is toward Polaris?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 01:09 PM PST

My dad told me this the other day and, if it is true, it seems like a remarkable fact. I haven't been able to support it with anything other than that the galactic plane is roughly 63 degrees and earth's axial tilt is roughly 28.5 degrees, which is nearly orthogonal if both tilts were in the same direction.

submitted by /u/bye_bye_illinois
[link] [comments]

How can someone who is still being affected by a virus not be contagious?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 10:29 PM PST

I know someone who caught COVID by going to a friend's house for Thanksgiving. Now, over a month later they're "over it" but still have lingering problems like exhaustion, occasional coughing, and loss of taste and smell.

How is it that they are still suffering from the virus, but are no longer contagious? Same question would go for other viruses too. So, in other words, why are you only contagious for the first week or two no matter how long symptoms linger on?

submitted by /u/BlueShift42
[link] [comments]

How do humans change their gait on slippery surfaces?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 04:33 PM PST

I notice that when I walk on a slippery surface, like snow or ice, I walk in a slightly different manner to avoid slipping. It's a bigger change than just walking more slowly, because I notice that I use some muscles that I rarely use to that extent. What exactly is it that I am changing when I adapt my gait to a slippery surface?

submitted by /u/Qwernakus
[link] [comments]

What happens if you are given a covid 19 vaccine that wasn't refrigerated?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 05:22 PM PST

would you die?

submitted by /u/twinningpuppet86
[link] [comments]

has, at any point in the earths history, the seasons been different?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 04:38 PM PST

I keep trying to find a way to google this question but it wont bring anything up so I wondered to just ask.

has at any point during the earths existence, not just humans existence, seasons been different.

like for example, we have the seasons Spring, Summer, Autumn and winter. but at any point in the earths history, was this ever in any different order? or was summer time cold not hot? and winter hot not cold?

submitted by /u/Normacont
[link] [comments]

When a person has two mother languages, how does the brain work to understand both? Does the brain have one "default" language of the two?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 05:59 AM PST

For example, i'm portuguese and when i'm speaking English my brain understands everything in portuguese. How does the brain work when someone have two languages?

submitted by /u/MisterWinglas
[link] [comments]

In Molecular Bond Theory, do ALL atomic orbitals merge to form molecular orbitals when two atoms bond?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 08:59 AM PST

I've recently been getting back into studying Chemistry and I'm a tad confused when it comes to Molecular Orbitals Theory.

I think I understand the basic concept: atomic Orbitals are wave functions which merge constructively/destructively to form molecular orbitals.

And I can pictures this easily when they discuss H and He since they only deal with the 1S orbital.

But I'm getting a tad confused when it involves atoms with more occupied atomic Orbitals.

When two separate atoms bond do ALL the atomic orbitals form molecular orbitals? Unlike VBT were it just the valence orbitals overlapping.

For example when F. It has the electron configuration 1s2, 2s2 2p5.

So when F forms F2 does each atoms 1S, 2S, 2px, 2py form molecular orbitals as well as their half filled 2pz orbitals?

submitted by /u/BetweenTwoLungs12345
[link] [comments]

What happens to dermal fibroblasts as we age?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 09:24 AM PST

I don't really understand what it is that happens to our fibroblasts over time, do we actually lose them and stop producing fibroblasts (if we do replicate new fibroblasts or not)? Or do we still have fibroblasts well into our 70s and 80s, but they lose their function?

submitted by /u/magdalena31
[link] [comments]

How was the Phase 1b 75 years and older age determined?

Posted: 06 Jan 2021 05:22 PM PST

I understand the complexity behind determining the phased rollouts (in the US) for the COVID-19 vaccine. I'm wondering, though, given that the mortality rate varies between race, socioeconomic background, etc. why/how/what the science or statistics were behind the "75 years or older" metric used for the 1b phase of the vaccine rollout?

submitted by /u/pobon-aa
[link] [comments]