How can a virus reside in a host,but not trigger symptoms?

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• How can a virus reside in a host,but not trigger symptoms?
• How did the H2N2 virus pandemic of 1957 "kick out"/extinguish the H1N1 1918 flu virus that was still lingering until then?
• Why does SiC have a larger band gap than most semiconductors?
• If a satellite is orbiting a body, will its orbit decay if there is no drag?
• If the immune system can mistake a harmless substance as an invader (ie. allergies), can it mistake a HARMFUL virus/bacteria as harmless? If not why?
• Is it a given that all patients with COVID will have some degree of long-term damage?
• How did Mars become red?
• Why sun light is important for human skin ?
• Are viruses living things?
• Are viruses that are more similar to ones in your immunological memory recognized sooner?
• What happens to excess energy generated by power plants?
• Does an unpopped popcorn kernel provide the same nutritional value as the piece of popcorn it would make?
• Why are Russian space station modules tapered?
• Would it be possible for the mRNA technology, used in COVID-19 vaccines, to fabricate other proteins ? If yes, could it help cope with protein-deficiency-related diseases such as Bloom syndrom, or even some hormones ?
• Is DNA more likely to be damaged during transcription?
• How does the mRNA in the Pfizer vaccine only target immune cells?
• How does Solubility Work?
• How do cancer and its therapy affect severity and duration of a SARS-CoV-2 infection?

How can a virus reside in a host,but not trigger symptoms? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 04:08 PM PST We all are aware of asymptomatic spread of COVID, but what I'm trying to understand is how a virus can reside in a host, not trigger the normal symptoms , and ultimately still spread the virus. Is the virus kept under control by the immune system? Is it hidden by the immune system and undetected? Is it hidden in other cells? submitted by /u/eehoe [link] [comments]

How did the H2N2 virus pandemic of 1957 "kick out"/extinguish the H1N1 1918 flu virus that was still lingering until then? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 10:36 PM PST The kick out was mentioned in this article https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-covid-19-pandemic-could-end1/ The [1918] H1N1 strain became endemic, an infectious disease that was constantly with us at less severe levels, circulating for another 40 years as a seasonal virus. It took another pandemic—H2N2 in 1957—to extinguish most of the 1918 strain. One flu virus kicked out another one, essentially, and scientists don't really know how. Human efforts to do the same have failed. "Nature can do it, we cannot," says virologist Florian Krammer of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. submitted by /u/the6thReplicant [link] [comments]

Why does SiC have a larger band gap than most semiconductors? Posted: 29 Dec 2020 06:39 AM PST submitted by /u/hgrx [link] [comments]

If a satellite is orbiting a body, will its orbit decay if there is no drag? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 06:02 PM PST I have been pondering about this since i've been studying physics recently and after some lengthy google searches i have found that the answer is no, but why? If it has velocity and the only force being applied to it is gravity, then the net force is a vector pointing towards the body it is orbiting since velocity is not a force but a property of an object, and since the net force applied to the body is not 0 then its velocity cannot be constant, but supposedly the satellite does not decelerate only through gravity. I believe that i am under a misconception somewhere; i am supposing that a force cannot subtract from the object's velocity since it is not opposite to its motion and instead changes its path without actually changing the speed, am i correct? submitted by /u/Freeman_21 [link] [comments]

If the immune system can mistake a harmless substance as an invader (ie. allergies), can it mistake a HARMFUL virus/bacteria as harmless? If not why? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 08:46 PM PST submitted by /u/housingmanman [link] [comments]

Is it a given that all patients with COVID will have some degree of long-term damage? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 06:52 PM PST Anybody have a research-supported opinion on this? Or any articles that you can share on this? Thank you submitted by /u/throwawaygamgra [link] [comments]

How did Mars become red? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 12:14 PM PST I know that the reason it appears red is a result of abundant iron oxides on its crust, but how did those oxides form? I do know a bit about chemistry and don't rust-red iron oxides require abundant oxygen to form. Otherwise, without exposure to oxygen, wouldn't the iron be more grey as it would be in a more reduced state? Unless I'm mistaken, rust-colored deposits around the Earth are associated with the Great Oxidation Event, which occurred after life on Earth evolved photosynthesis, which produces oxygen as a byproduct. Oxygen is a very highly reactive gas, and if I understand correctly, it only persists in our atmosphere because it is constantly being renewed by photosynthetic life. So could the presence of more oxidized iron on Mars indicate that it once had oxygen in its atmosphere, and would that, in turn, be evidence to indicate life may once have existed on Mars? submitted by /u/Brainless96 [link] [comments]

Why sun light is important for human skin ? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 03:26 PM PST submitted by /u/uooop [link] [comments]

Are viruses living things? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 01:22 PM PST Over the years this is a question I have seen posed in different contexts, and answered in different ways. I thought it would be interesting to generate some discussion on the topic at the end of a year where virology is a little more front of mind for us all (though, to be clear, my question is not about the Coronavirus in particular). Viruses reproduce, interact with their environments, and evolve, but they are not composed of cells nor do they (I believe) grow, adapt, or change over their lifetime. Perhaps this debate is more about the semantics of 'what counts as alive' more than anything else, but I think it is an interesting question for scientists nonetheless. submitted by /u/TheSpeckledSir [link] [comments]

Are viruses that are more similar to ones in your immunological memory recognized sooner? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 10:25 AM PST so for example if you have the memory of covid-19 and you encounter a strain with 5 changes or 500 changes, would you deal better with a 5 change one? or does it only find and create a memory of that specific strain submitted by /u/K1ng_K0ng [link] [comments]

What happens to excess energy generated by power plants? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 01:52 PM PST I imagine the management of a power plant is partially predicting power consumption, but it can't be perfect. So normal, day to day operation, what happens when the power plant generates too much energy? The most extreme case I can think of is a power outage, but what about if every single power consuming device was shut off simultaneously. Does the electricity clog like a pipe or are there other side effects? submitted by /u/bent_my_wookie [link] [comments]

Does an unpopped popcorn kernel provide the same nutritional value as the piece of popcorn it would make? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 12:55 AM PST submitted by /u/Jayticus [link] [comments]

Why are Russian space station modules tapered? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 04:08 AM PST It seems like from the very beginning with the Salyut station all the way to Zvezda and Zarya, Russian space station modules are almost always tapered while US and European modules like Columbus and Unity are plain old cylinders. Is there any particular reason for this? submitted by /u/TuftedCat [link] [comments]

Would it be possible for the mRNA technology, used in COVID-19 vaccines, to fabricate other proteins ? If yes, could it help cope with protein-deficiency-related diseases such as Bloom syndrom, or even some hormones ? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 07:30 AM PST submitted by /u/Ogore [link] [comments]

Is DNA more likely to be damaged during transcription? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 07:24 AM PST submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

How does the mRNA in the Pfizer vaccine only target immune cells? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 09:20 AM PST If I'm understanding it correctly, the mRNA is capsulated in a lipid and when it enters the body immune cells "eat it" with endocytosis and the mRNA gets translated into a spike protein. Does this only happen to immune cells or do "normal" cells read the mRNA and produce spike proteins? submitted by /u/ChemicalBeyond [link] [comments]

How does Solubility Work? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 10:27 AM PST I went to college for chemistry, walked away with an Associate's degree, but I honestly don't know how solubility works on a fundamental level. Is the material technically melting? Why is water miscible with Benzene but not Acetone? Water and acetone are polar, does that not mater? Why is Dioxane used to dissolve HCl and NaOH when Dioxane is aprotic?! DOES ANYONE EVEN KNOW CONCLUSIVELY WHAT HAPPENS DOWN THERE?! submitted by /u/Nitrousoxide72 [link] [comments]

How do cancer and its therapy affect severity and duration of a SARS-CoV-2 infection? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 10:23 AM PST Hello there, so, I lately saw some studies on the effect of COVID-19 on cancer patients, but I wondered, if cancer patients see more severe or longer infections. Especially in relation to the treatment, since some forms like chemotherapy or radiation therapy attack healthy cells as well and may affect the immune system. I tried to search for this online, but I was only able to find papers/studies/preprints for the effect of COVID-19 on cancer. I should note that I am an engineer and not a biologist or doctor, so I only have some basic knowledge of human biology and the imunesystem/cancer so I may have misunderstood something. I am aware of the fact, that there are a lot of different types of cancer with even more symptoms and progressions. Also that there are different kinds of treatment with different goals. So while my general question holds, because of the complexity I would like to break it up in multiple, more in detail sub-questions: Do cancer patients in general have longer/more severe COVID-19 infections and why/why not? Are specific forms of cancer especially bad for a COVID-19 infection (I imagine lung cancer is pretty bad) and why/why not? Are cancer patients longer infectious and why/why not? How does the form of therapy alter the course of COVID-19 and why/why not? Looking forward to your answers and maybe some new sources. Thank you! submitted by /u/pmdu [link] [comments]

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How can the sun keep on burning?

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• How can the sun keep on burning?
• How does covid vaccine (or any vaccine) work in people suffering from AIDS since the immune system itself is compromised?
• Can the same mutation of a virus evolve independently in separate geographic locations, or do they mutate based on the unique stimuli of their regions and hosts?
• Why do seeds of *so* many fruits/vegetables primarily consist of polyunsaturated omega-6 fats?
• How does a virus mutate?
• How robust are commonly used SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests against mutations in the primer binding regions?
• Speed at which a COVID virus particle can attach to and invade a cell after it is inhaled?
• Do birds have butts?
• If our mathematics is "base 10", then why do we talk about "dozens" of things instead of "Tens"?
• Is the kinetic energy gained by the products of a nuclear fission reaction a consequence of Coulomb repulsion?
• Does the Earth/Moon system weigh less than the Earth and the Moon would on their own?
• Chemically, is cheese different after it's been melted?

How can the sun keep on burning? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 05:01 AM PST How can the sun keep on burning and why doesn't all the fuel in the sun make it explode in one big explosion? Is there any mechanism that regulate how much fuel that gets released like in a lighter? submitted by /u/Vinceconvince [link] [comments]

How does covid vaccine (or any vaccine) work in people suffering from AIDS since the immune system itself is compromised? Posted: 28 Dec 2020 01:36 AM PST I'm curious about the medical details of it. If I know it right, HIV targets the immune system rendering it useless. Vaccines train the immune system by exposing it to the beaten-to-pulp version of the virus. How do vaccines train the immune system of AIDS patients if the system itself has been compromised? submitted by /u/DamnBored1 [link] [comments]

Can the same mutation of a virus evolve independently in separate geographic locations, or do they mutate based on the unique stimuli of their regions and hosts? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 05:44 PM PST For example, the new fast-spreading strain of COVID has been found in Ontario and BC in Canada, but originated in the UK. Could the same mutation have occurred independently in each region, or are the cases linked? submitted by /u/mafternoonshyamalan [link] [comments]

Why do seeds of *so* many fruits/vegetables primarily consist of polyunsaturated omega-6 fats? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 11:30 AM PST Like, even grape seeds and watermelon seeds! (in addition to sunflower seeds) I'd be fascinated to see if this is also true for orange seeds and avocado seeds... submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

How does a virus mutate? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 01:06 PM PST I'm just curious to know in light of recent events on how a virus mutates. submitted by /u/Tower2003 [link] [comments]

How robust are commonly used SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests against mutations in the primer binding regions? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 10:34 AM PST How likely is it that infected individuals test PCR negative due to mutations in the primer binding regions? Do all PCR tests use the same set of primers or are there different variants (if yes, based on which considerations)? submitted by /u/FermatSim [link] [comments]

Speed at which a COVID virus particle can attach to and invade a cell after it is inhaled? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 03:47 PM PST I know it depends on various factors, but realistically if a COVID virus enters the nose what kind of speed could be expected for it to successfully attach to a cell and start invasion? Seconds, minutes, hours? submitted by /u/Marduk28 [link] [comments]

Do birds have butts? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 08:51 PM PST My three year old was very concerned about this and I really don't know the answer. They have tails and they expel waste through a cloaca apparently, but do they have butts? submitted by /u/HoodooSquad [link] [comments]

If our mathematics is "base 10", then why do we talk about "dozens" of things instead of "Tens"? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 11:03 AM PST Edit: Since the answers have stayed strictly in math, let's get to actual linguistics, why do we say "I ate dozens of apples that day" but not "I ate tens of apples that day" when we count base 10, not base 12? submitted by /u/monkeynose [link] [comments]

Is the kinetic energy gained by the products of a nuclear fission reaction a consequence of Coulomb repulsion? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 08:28 AM PST I am wondering why this difference between nuclear fusion and fission exists. Fission is dominated by the kinetic energy increase of the products while fusion is dominated by radiation (correct me if that's wrong). So I thought that Coulomb repulsion between the products of a fission reaction (they are very close together immediately after fission) could explain it. But then again, the kinetic energy increase is covered by mass-energy-equivalence and this is a completely different concept than Coulomb repulsion. So this left me confused. submitted by /u/neuromat0n [link] [comments]

Does the Earth/Moon system weigh less than the Earth and the Moon would on their own? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 07:30 AM PST I'm reading about particle physics here so I'm likely to have made mistakes on both the small and large scales, but here goes: The energy in a system is distributed between movement energy and interaction energy. The negative interaction energy between a proton and an electron in a hydrogen atom is what keeps the whole thing stable. It would need energy to eject the electron. That negative interaction energy also means that the hydrogen atom has less mass than the sum of a lone proton and a lone electron. By analogy, the moon is in our obit thanks to gravity and it would take loads of energy to eject it. Does that analogy stretch as far as negative interaction energy and the Moon/Earth system having less mass than they would by themselves? What's the difference? submitted by /u/tea-drinker [link] [comments]

Chemically, is cheese different after it's been melted? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 08:10 PM PST submitted by /u/RigbyAtNight [link] [comments]

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Have there been any "new" craters on the Moon observed in recent history?

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• Have there been any "new" craters on the Moon observed in recent history?
• What’s the difficulty in making a pill that actually helps you lose weight?
• Why don't we make vaccines for plants?
• can exposure to small viral loads of covid-19 provide immunity?
• My understanding is that the COVID mRNA vaccine uses modified nucleotides to prevent an immune response to the RNA and to increase translation. After the vaccine mRNA is translated, will these modified nucleotides be reused in other RNA strands and, if so, would that alter the way those RNAs behave?
• Why do flames stick together?
• What happens when a piece of debris punctures an astronaut's suit (and cuts open a blood vessel) in outer space?
• What is the best way to measure the true density of solid powder?
• Could a virus become immune to vaccination?
• How did researchers avoid triggering a severe immune reaction with mRNA vaccines?
• How to rocket engines use liquid fuel while in zero gravity?
• Will birds raise the young of other birds, even if the other bird is not a cuckoo?
• Would it be possible to treat a viral infection by taking a drug that encourages maladaptive mutations?
• Has a change in greenhouse gases emission been noticed due to lockdowns around the world? If so, how significant?
• Will Covid-19 have a significant impact on the global population balance? How does it’s death rate compare to the global birth rate?
• What regions on earth are ice- or snow-covered all year long?
• How can we know the half-life of Rubidium-87?
• Does the air temperature affect the speed at which smell spreads?
• Often, when reading about ice ages,there will be a mention of the thought, that there has only ever been 1 ice age with breaks. What are the arguments for this?

Have there been any "new" craters on the Moon observed in recent history? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:08 PM PST As in from a recent impact, not just ones that have been mapped. Thanks! submitted by /u/PainusPentauffenfaus [link] [comments]

What’s the difficulty in making a pill that actually helps you lose weight? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 03:05 AM PST I have a bit of biochemistry background and kind of understand the idea, but I'm not entirely sure. I do remember reading they made a supplement that "uncoupled" some metabolic functions to actually help lose weight but it was taken off the market. Thought it'd be cool to relearn and gain a little insight. Thanks again submitted by /u/MastahFred [link] [comments]

Why don't we make vaccines for plants? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 04:38 AM PST I was watching a video recently, and it talked about how a certain cultivar of bananas, gros micheal, was basically wiped off the face of the earth. And how the current popular cultivar, cavendish, is now being hit by the same disease. The fact that we invaded honduras 7 times for bananas and coined the term banana republic for love of the fruit, yet we don't have a solution for this banana plague that is obliterating them from the face of the earth boggles my mind. I assume there is a good reason for this? A reason we can't give a tree a shot or inoculate a grain against blight? submitted by /u/zerothehero0 [link] [comments]

can exposure to small viral loads of covid-19 provide immunity? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 07:54 AM PST I read that in order to contract the disease you must be exposed to a certain level of viral load, i.e. by spending more than a few seconds with a sick person. this implies that if a small amount of the virus finds its way to someone's body his immune system an defend itself from it. does this also imply that if an individual gets exposed to small viral loads could develop antibodies against covid-19 ? submitted by /u/militantcookie [link] [comments]

My understanding is that the COVID mRNA vaccine uses modified nucleotides to prevent an immune response to the RNA and to increase translation. After the vaccine mRNA is translated, will these modified nucleotides be reused in other RNA strands and, if so, would that alter the way those RNAs behave? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 09:31 PM PST https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/10/the-story-of-mrna-how-a-once-dismissed-idea-became-a-leading-technology-in-the-covid-vaccine-race/ submitted by /u/CitizenLafayette [link] [comments]

Why do flames stick together? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 11:28 PM PST I understand why water sticks together in droplets (hydrogen bonds, surface tension, etc) but not why two flames conjoin into a single flame. Please explain submitted by /u/Shuihoppy [link] [comments]

What happens when a piece of debris punctures an astronaut's suit (and cuts open a blood vessel) in outer space? Posted: 27 Dec 2020 03:43 AM PST In the movie 'Midnight Sky', one of the astronauts dies after bleeding into their suit shortly after a piece of shrapnel flew into it. She noticed some droplets of blood floating past her, and then went into the spacecraft where, after pressures were equalized, the helmet was removed and blood flew out. It looked like she bled out within 5 minutes. Assuming the technology is the same as ours', is this accurate? When a system of high pressure such as the cardiovascular one, comes into contact with space, won't the blood be sucked out quicker? Also, since the lower part of the space suit was communicating with the helmet, wouldn't she stop breathing as soon as the suit was punctured in outer space? submitted by /u/nickoskal024 [link] [comments]

What is the best way to measure the true density of solid powder? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 11:59 PM PST What is the best way to accurately measure the true density of solid powder that is non-soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and less density than water? I would like it to be not too expensive and don't use large quantity to compensate the errors. I have used the 10ml-pycnometer with water, but since the powder float, the error is to large no matter how careful I tried not to let the powder came off when closing the lid. Gas pycnometer is too expensive for me. Or using large pycnometer might be the best way for me. Thank you. submitted by /u/hatecrew69 [link] [comments]

Could a virus become immune to vaccination? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 06:20 PM PST submitted by /u/FondOfDrinknIndustry [link] [comments]

How did researchers avoid triggering a severe immune reaction with mRNA vaccines? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 06:23 PM PST Just read this great article (https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/10/the-story-of-mrna-how-a-once-dismissed-idea-became-a-leading-technology-in-the-covid-vaccine-race/) detailing the development of the COVID vaccine, had my mind blown by how crazy/smart the development of this vaccine was. It mentioned one of the big obstacles in animal trials was avoiding a dangerous immune response, but the solution was glossed over. The article mentioned the vaccines developed just coded for the spikes, so was the solution to use just a tiny amount of mRNA so it would fly under the radar and avoid triggering an allergic reaction? submitted by /u/pro_nage [link] [comments]

How to rocket engines use liquid fuel while in zero gravity? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 06:24 PM PST With the liquid fuel just floating around, how can a rocket light up its engines again? Is there some sort of RCS thruster activation that needs to occur before the fuel is in its proper place? submitted by /u/remote5891 [link] [comments]

Will birds raise the young of other birds, even if the other bird is not a cuckoo? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 12:33 PM PST submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

Would it be possible to treat a viral infection by taking a drug that encourages maladaptive mutations? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 03:40 PM PST Viruses replicate inside of us millions/billions(?) of times and mutations happen often. Could we affect the replication processes to cause mutations that affect virus' transmissibility, or number and severity of symptoms? And could this be done in a way that allows us to treat viruses generally, and not have to create specific antiviral for each new virus? submitted by /u/NotAnotherLibrarian [link] [comments]

Has a change in greenhouse gases emission been noticed due to lockdowns around the world? If so, how significant? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 09:04 AM PST submitted by /u/TheMasterCado [link] [comments]

Will Covid-19 have a significant impact on the global population balance? How does it’s death rate compare to the global birth rate? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 01:39 PM PST submitted by /u/Tosulli [link] [comments]

What regions on earth are ice- or snow-covered all year long? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 10:25 AM PST I wanted to know which regions on our planet are visibly snowy or icy the whole year. Found out there is the snow-line concept where there is snow over a certain ground height. That's a good start. So two questions: 1. Is there no flatland with all-year snow? Only hills? 2. Is there like a map out there where I can see all the snowy/icy regions on earth that are never free of snow or ice? Google mentions a lot of places but a world map would be awesome! submitted by /u/Current_Fisherman415 [link] [comments]

How can we know the half-life of Rubidium-87? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 01:08 PM PST As the title says, I wonder how scientist can know the half-life of Rubidium-87, since it is about 49 billion years? I am really not a clever guy when it comes to this part of science, but I just read about it, and came to think about how it is possible to know/confirm this? (Sorry for any grammar mistakes, but english is not my first language) submitted by /u/Stavblender [link] [comments]

Does the air temperature affect the speed at which smell spreads? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 03:33 AM PST submitted by /u/Mohjo13 [link] [comments]

Often, when reading about ice ages,there will be a mention of the thought, that there has only ever been 1 ice age with breaks. What are the arguments for this? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 10:16 AM PST Whenever I see this argument, it is never mentioned why this could be considered as a possibility other than multiple ice ages. However, whenever anyone asks a similar question, it is often answered with something akin to: "Think of it as a football match with half-time. Second half is still the same football game." I realize this, but I have never been told that there could be anything other than a philosophical aspect to it. Because, at the end of the day I have never been presented with anything other than comparisons to other stuff, and nothing else. submitted by /u/HauntingBird [link] [comments]

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Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius?

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• How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius?
• Christmas question: 'A bad lobster in a dark cellar' - what does it mean???
• Are the RNA vaccines self-amplifying and if so what does that mean? Also, which type of cells does the RNA insert itself into and are they killed by the immune system in response?
• Are there any complex natural structures/entities consisting of a variety of repeating molecules which do not contain RNA?
• Why does iridescence seems to tend toward cool hues, mainly cool pinks and blues?
• Are the emotions induced by music universal among different cultures or are they something learned?
• Do all elements have unique light signatures when light is reflected off their surface?
• What makes depleted uranium beneficial as a projectile?
• Why are there so many alphabets (+350), but so few numeral systems?
• How is the new variant of Covid identified? Are medics required to use new testing methods?
• Besides the typical inactivated vaccine and the new mRNA vaccine, what are other types of immunizations out there and are there any new promising types in the works?
• Does the climate of an area affect or determine what type of metals are commonly found there?
• How are vaccines for strains approved, if it takes a year for FDA to approve the original vaccine? eg flu strains, covid-21
• Are the oceans desserts?
• How exactly does the coronavirus cause people to lose their senses of taste and smell? Or if we don't know, what are the theories?
• Why do some countries still actively working on COVID vaccines even if there is one already available for use in other countries?
• What is it that prevents scientists from developing an HIV vaccine?
• After being exposed, how long does it take to become contagious with COVID? And how does that process work? Does the virus have to enter your blood stream?

How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:43 AM PST This is within context of the KSTAR project, but I'm curious how a material can contain that much heat. 100,000,000°c seems like an ABSURD amount of heat to contain. Is it strictly a feat of material science, or is there more at play? (chemical shielding, etc) https://phys.org/news/2020-12-korean-artificial-sun-world-sec-long.html submitted by /u/therealkevinard [link] [comments]

Christmas question: 'A bad lobster in a dark cellar' - what does it mean??? Posted: 25 Dec 2020 09:35 AM PST I am rereading Dickens' A Christmas Carol. There is a line that says, 'It was not in impenetrable shadow as the other objects in the yard were, but had a dismal light about it, like a bad lobster in a dark cellar.' What does this mean? Do lobsters have bioluminescence when they start to go bad? Would they glow for some other reason? Do they glow at all? Can anyone shed any light on this? Thank you! submitted by /u/wind_stars_fireflies [link] [comments]

Are the RNA vaccines self-amplifying and if so what does that mean? Also, which type of cells does the RNA insert itself into and are they killed by the immune system in response? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 05:38 AM PST submitted by /u/dbre [link] [comments]

Are there any complex natural structures/entities consisting of a variety of repeating molecules which do not contain RNA? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:18 AM PST Can only organisms and viruses produce complex molecular structures and polymers in nature, or are there other systems that contain a large amount of repeating complex patterns? submitted by /u/BnaiRephaim [link] [comments]

Why does iridescence seems to tend toward cool hues, mainly cool pinks and blues? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 05:37 AM PST As the title says submitted by /u/benderlemagnificent [link] [comments]

Are the emotions induced by music universal among different cultures or are they something learned? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 08:25 AM PST There seems to be a lot of consensus about what music is sad, happy scary etc. but is this something created by culture or is it something more primitive and in common for all people? If it is not learned but imbedded within our brain, what would be the explanation for it, since it doesn't seem it is present in nature in any way. submitted by /u/mishoPLD [link] [comments]

Do all elements have unique light signatures when light is reflected off their surface? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:22 AM PST Do all elements have unique light signatures when light is reflected from their surface? If so, could lasers be used to identify metal during plane crash searches and also identify precious metals during geological surveys? submitted by /u/Mountain-Market-7924 [link] [comments]

What makes depleted uranium beneficial as a projectile? Posted: 25 Dec 2020 11:10 AM PST Is there some effect that depleted uranium bullets / shells have? I understand the 'depleted' part just means it's not radioactive (right?) but why is it specifically used. I seem to have read some things about it carrying more energy because of its density, but to get that energy out, wouldn't you have to put more energy in to fire it in the first place? submitted by /u/FluffonStuff [link] [comments]

Why are there so many alphabets (+350), but so few numeral systems? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 04:50 AM PST submitted by /u/redvenet [link] [comments]

How is the new variant of Covid identified? Are medics required to use new testing methods? Posted: 26 Dec 2020 03:38 AM PST submitted by /u/stochastic_racoon403 [link] [comments]

Besides the typical inactivated vaccine and the new mRNA vaccine, what are other types of immunizations out there and are there any new promising types in the works? Posted: 25 Dec 2020 07:57 PM PST The "killed vaccine" seems most commonplace in the world, and with the recent developments and deployments of mRNA vaccines, I've begun to wonder what else is out there (and perhaps what else is possible). Can anyone help with this? submitted by /u/ano1067 [link] [comments]

Does the climate of an area affect or determine what type of metals are commonly found there? Posted: 25 Dec 2020 02:56 PM PST I tried searching myself online, but was having trouble find anything useful. I may have just been using the wrong keywords. submitted by /u/theflockofnoobs [link] [comments]

How are vaccines for strains approved, if it takes a year for FDA to approve the original vaccine? eg flu strains, covid-21 Posted: 25 Dec 2020 03:24 PM PST submitted by /u/joshd24680 [link] [comments]

Are the oceans desserts? Posted: 25 Dec 2020 07:30 AM PST How much rainfall does it get? Is that the only factor in deciding something is a dessert? submitted by /u/average_sex [link] [comments]

How exactly does the coronavirus cause people to lose their senses of taste and smell? Or if we don't know, what are the theories? Posted: 24 Dec 2020 11:49 PM PST submitted by /u/KettleFromNorway [link] [comments]

Why do some countries still actively working on COVID vaccines even if there is one already available for use in other countries? Posted: 25 Dec 2020 04:14 AM PST My country has just stated that a vaccine is being worked on and should be available for public use in mid-late 2021. However some countries like USA already have vaccines authorized for public use. Why would we still need to work on making one when we can just use the one that has already been tested and proven to be effective? submitted by /u/TheFlyingMumu [link] [comments]

What is it that prevents scientists from developing an HIV vaccine? Posted: 24 Dec 2020 08:53 PM PST A COVID vaccine was developed in less than a year. Why hasn't an HIV vaccine been developed yet? submitted by /u/phatpun561 [link] [comments]

After being exposed, how long does it take to become contagious with COVID? And how does that process work? Does the virus have to enter your blood stream? Posted: 24 Dec 2020 09:39 PM PST Follow up question What stops people from being contagious? submitted by /u/ski-da-alps20 [link] [comments]

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